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Chapter 5
TRAINING
General Information. To ensure personnel are vigilant and well informed prior to entering a permit-required confined space, it is paramount that each organization develop a structured and effective training program to establish safe work practices and techniques. The persons developing this training program will base it on specific hazards to be encountered. The trainer will obtain CST approval on all training lesson plans prior to their use and any time changes are made to the plans. Entry supervisors will ensure all individuals (who are authorized confined space entry to perform confined space work or are assigned as attendants or rescue personnel) are trained. Entry supervisors will ensure employees are made aware of the appropriate procedures and controls for entry and that unauthorized entry into such spaces is forbidden. (Entry supervisors will ensure employees are made aware that the consequences of unauthorized entry can be fatal. Many hazards of confined spaces are impossible to detect without the use of specially designed equipment).
Entrants. Entry supervisors will ensure all entrants are trained in the following subjects:
Hazard Recognition. Prior to entering a confined space containing a potentially hazardous environment, the nature of the hazard and the need to perform appropriate testing to determine if it is safe to enter.
Personal Protection Equipment (PPE). The proper use of all PPE and protective shields and barriers.
Special Work Practices or Procedures. All modifications or alterations of normal work practices that are necessary for confined space work.
Self-Rescue:
To exit from the confined space as rapidly as they can whenever an order to evacuate is given by the attendant, whenever an automatic evacuation alarm is activated, or whenever employees recognize the warning signs of exposure to substances whose presence in the confined space is known or expected.
To know the toxic effects or symptoms of exposure to anticipated hazardous materials they are using (See the products MSDS).
To relay an alarm to their attendant and to attempt self-rescue immediately on becoming aware of the effects of warning signs.
Entry Supervisor . The entry (on-site) supervisor in charge of the confined space entry and who authorizes entry into permit-required confined spaces will meet the training requirements of an entrant and be trained to accomplish the following:
Recognize the effects of exposure to hazards reasonably expected to be present.
Perform the duties and responsibilities outlined in chapter 2.
Attendant . Entry supervisors will ensure the attendant is trained to perform the duties and responsibilities in chapter 2 and on the same requirements as those of an entrant or rescue personnel if the attendant is expected to perform those functions.
Rescue. All organizational rescue team members shall receive hands-on practice in removing simulated victims (such as dummies, mannequins, or actual persons) from actual or representative confined spaces that have openings and portals like the types from which rescue is to be performed. This practice training will be conducted initially for each team member and at least once every 12 months thereafter, as long as the individual remains on the rescue team.
Entry supervisors will ensure all rescue team members are trained as entrants, as well as:
Rescue duties and responsibilities.
Use of retrieval and rescue equipment.
Proper wear and use of PPE.
CPR and basic first-aid.
Confined Space Tester and (or) Monitor . The person designated to conduct tests of confined space atmospheric conditions must be trained in the operation, calibration, and care of the specific testing equipment to be used (See manufacturer's instructions). The person conducting the tests must be fully trained and certified as qualified to interpret the results. The tester shall meet the training requirements of an entrant if entry is required to conduct the tests.
Documentation of Training. All confined space training for entry supervisors, entrants, attendants, testers and (or) monitors, and rescue team members shall be certified, documented, and kept up-to-date. The certification shall contain each individual's name and dates of training or retraining and either the initials or signature of the trainer and (or) instructor.
Training records will be available for review by the CST during annual program evaluations or spot checks.
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