I. Renaissance
(I.) Reformation
II. Religious Wars and the Rise of Monarchies
III. The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment
IV. The French Revolution and Napoleon
V. Reaction Versus Progress: 1815-1848
VI. Revolution, Nationalism, and Europe's Rise to World Supremacy
VII. World War I and the Russian Revolution
VIII. Between the Wars
IX. World War II and the Cold War
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