Rods out number cones except in the middle of the eye where there are many cones witch is why you have to look to the side of a dim star to see it.
Cones are what interperate color and are sencitive to brighter light. They're cone shaped at the bottom. The nucleus is in with the mitocandria unlike in rod cells. Unlike rod cells they contain no visual purple. Lamellae in the cone are unlike that of a rod; the lamellae is one folded surface.
There are three different types of cones, each containing different photopigments. There are cones that can absorb light of long, mediun, or short. Long being red, medium being green, and short being blue.
When the cones absorb light neurotransmitters carry the signal to the next layer in the retina. Deppending on how much activity is interpreted by the different cones you get colors like yellow, orange and purple.
The "plans" for some colors are on the X chromosome which is why men have a 7% chance of color blindness and women only have a .4% chance.
(Random thought:Some animals are thought to be color blind. We don't know this for sure though beacause they all have less numbers of cones but they're still there.
