A design looks good on paper; however, one cannot guarantee that it is functional without testing its prototype under real operating conditions. The model might not be able to withstand the pressure, temperature, friction and various such factors during real time operations. This means, that a lot of money, time and efforts are wasted. This is when finite element analysis steps in. This method of testing is far more economical and superior than actually building and testing a design.
What is finite element analysis?
Finite element analysis is a method where the design is modelled, on a computer and tested in a virtual environment. By using FEA, it is possible to test a material, and see how it performs under stress. Some variables that are manipulated, to exert stress on the particular material include pressure, heat, friction, vibration, fluid flow etc. If the material succumbs under the operational conditions, it means the design needs tweaking so that it can withstand the operational environment.
The designs can be modelled, in 2D as well as 3D. The 2 dimensional modelling is far more simpler, and can run on normal computers, while 3 dimensional models are more complex. They involve a wide range of parameters and provide results that are more accurate; however, they need the fastest computers to run. The 3D models can be programmed to behave linearly and non-linearly.
Linear system – It is a less complex system that does not consider material deformation.
Nonlinear system - This complex system, tests a material taking into account its ability to deform, leading all the way to fracture.
Who can use Finite element analysis?
Practically all the engineering industries can use this method, and effectively test the designs before investing and developing an actual model.
Some industries that make use of this technology include:
- Automotive
- Aerospace
- Plastic industry
- Rubber industry
- Heavy equipments
- Construction
- Transportation
Finite element analysis can be done on a design that needs to be built anew, or can be done on an existing design that needs tweaking to make it better and more functional.
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Posted by Hiral Patel – Engineering Consultant at AutoCAD Drafting India.