After
reading this page, students should have a better understanding on, and about
why there are four states of matter, what these states of matter are, and why they
are in that state. Students will learn how to calculate the ammount of
heat energy in, and temperature of a system.
We
Run Into the kinetic theory of heat everyday without even knowing
it!!!!
SolidWhen
an object is in the Solid state the molecules are packed very close togeater.
Because the molecules can only move back and fourth, this state of matter
has a very low kinetic energy.
When
the temperature of a solid is raised, the velocity of the particles are
increased. The collisions between the particles occur with a greater force,
thus causing the particles to more farther apart. The arrangement of the
solid is broken down and a change in physical state occurs. THis proccess
in which a solid changes to a liquid is called the heat
of fusion.
Liquid In
a liquid the particles have enouhgh kinetic energy to stretch the inter
molecular forces of attraction. The collisions between the particles are
strong enough to force them apart.
As a
liquid is raised in temperature, the velocity of the particles increase.
The collisions eventually become so strong that all intermoleculer forces
are broken by the particles. As a result of this the particles begin
moving independently between collisions, and a change in physical state
occurrs. This proccess in which liquid in changed int o a gas is called
the heat of vaporization.
GAS
In this state the particles
have enough kinetic energy to break all forces of intermolecular attraction.
The particles of a gas move by themselves, independently. Because they
have overcome the intermolecular state of attraction,the particles are
so far apart that they are able to move wherever.
When a temperature
is raised to a temperatures exceeding 5000 degrees C, they have so much
kinetic energythat their collisions break electrons out the atoms. When
this happens a change in physical state does as well.
PLASMAWhen something is in the plasme state, it is defined as a charged gas. The collisions of the particles are strong enough to break electrons out of the atoms, thus they produce particles with electrical charges......positive ions and electrons.
Forms
of Heat Transfer
1.) Conduction:
direct heat contact. ( ex: touching a hot object)
2.) Convection:
moving heated air from one place to annother. (ex: air conditioner)
3.) Radiation:
the heat travels in open waves. (ex: Sun shining on earth
Formula
to Calculate Heat
energy
Q=MC
T
Q- ammount of energy in Joules/J
M-mass must be in Killograms(Hg)
T- Change
in temperature
C-specific heat constant
Formula to solve for the temperature of a system
Tsystem= MCT + MCT
MC + MC
HEAT OF
VAPORIZATION
Q=MHV
M-Mass
HV-heat of vaporization,
always 2260000J
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
EX 1.)You have 5kg. of
ice. If the heat C of ice is 2000J/degree celcius, and it changes temperature
by 20 degrees, how much heat energy did this take?
A.) Set
up formula:Q=MC
T
B.)Plug
in known Information: Q=(5kg.)(2000J/C)(20 degrees)
C.)Use
multiplication to slolve:Q=200,000J
EX 2.) If you have .130kg piece of silver( C=235 J/deg. C) at 54 degrees Celsius and you put it in .05L of 10 degree water( C=4190J/deg Celsius), what is the temperature of the system?
C.) Solve for T: T=15.6 degrees celsius
EX 3.) 5
Kg. of water begins to vaporize, if the heat of vaporization of this substance
is 2260000 J/deg. Celsius, how much energt in Joules is being used?
A.) Set up formula:Q=MHV
B.)
sub in known information: Q=(5kg)(2260000)
C.) solve for Q: Q=11,300,000 Joules.
Thankyou for comming to the Kinetic Theory of heat website. i hope this site has helped to widen your understanding on what it takes for substances to change in to different forms. For more exhilerating science facts please proceed to the previous or following pages.
