|
Addison’s Disease |
primary adrenocortical deficiency
|
|
Addisonian Anemia |
pernicious anemia (antibodies to intrinsic factor or
parietal cells no IF, no Vit B12, megaloblastic
anemia)
|
|
Albright’s Syndrome |
polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au
lait spots, short stature, young girls
|
|
Alport’s Syndrome |
hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness, Type 4 collagen
defect (basement membranes)
|
|
Alzheimer’s |
progressive dementia; tau proteins, neurofibrillary tangles,
apolipoprotein E4 allele, narrow gyri and wide sulci
(atrophy), occipital sparing, hydrocephalus ex vacuo,
plaques in hippocampus and cortex, ¯ Acetylcholine, Hiramo bodies (inrtacellular
inclusion bodies in hippocampal cells)
|
|
Argyll-Robertson Pupil |
loss of light reflex constriction (contralateral or
bilateral)
“Prostitute’s Eye” - accommodates but does not react
Pathognomonic for 3°Syphilis
|
|
Arnold-Chiari Malformation |
cerebellar tonsil herniation
|
|
Barrett’s |
columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus (incr. risk of
adenocarcinoma)
|
|
Bartter’s Syndrome |
hyperreninemia
|
|
Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy |
similar to Duchenne, but less severe (deficiency in
dystrophin protein)
|
|
Bell’s Palsy |
CNVII palsy (entire face; recall that UMN lesion only
affects lower face)
|
|
Berger’s Disease |
IgA nephropathy
|
|
Bernard-Soulier Disease |
defect in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets &
lack of platelet-surface glycoprotein)
|
|
Berry Aneurysm |
circle of Willis (subarachnoid bleed)
often associated with ADPKD
|
|
Bowen’s Disease |
carcinoma in situ on shaft of penis (incr. risk of visceral
ca) |
|
Briquet’s Syndrome |
somatization disorder
psychological: multiple physical complaints without physical
pathology
|
|
Broca’s Aphasia |
Motor Aphasia intact comprehension
|
|
Bronchiolitis |
RSV
|
|
Brown-Sequard |
hemisection of cord (contralateral loss of pain & temp /
ipsilateral loss of fine touch, UMN)
|
|
Bruton’s Disease |
X-linked agammaglobinemia
|
|
Budd-Chiari |
post-hepatic venous thrombosis
|
|
Buerger’s Disease |
acute inflammation of small, medium arteries
|
|
Burkitt’s Lymphoma |
small noncleaved cell lymphoma EBV
8:14 translocation
|
|
Caisson Disease |
gas emboli
|
|
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome |
Median nerve entrapment
|
|
Chagas’ Disease |
Trypansoma infection sleeping disease, cardiomegaly with
apical atrophy, achlasia
|
|
Chediak-Higashi
Disease |
Phagocyte Deficiency: neutropenia, albinism, cranial &
peripheral neuropathy
repeated infections
|
|
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia |
21-hydroxylase deficiency: virilism, no cortisol, salt
loss, hypotension
11-hydroxylase deficiency: virilism, no cortisol,
salt retention, hypertension
|
|
Conn’s Syndrome |
primary aldosteronism
|
|
Cori’s Disease |
glycogen storage disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)
|
|
Creutzfeldt-Jakob |
prion infection ®
cerebellar & cerebral degeneration
|
|
Crigler-Najjar
Syndrome |
congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)
glucuronyl transferase deficiency
|
|
Crohn’s |
IBD; ileocecum, transmural, skip lesions, lymphocytic
infiltrate, granulomas
(contrast to UC: limited to colon,
mucosa & submucosa, crypt abscesses, pseudopolyps,
colon cancer risk)
|
|
Croup |
Parainfluenza
|
|
Curling’s Ulcer |
acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
|
|
Cushing’s |
Disease: hypercorticism incr.
ACTH from pituitary (basophilic adenoma)
Syndrome: hypercorticism of all other causes
|
|
Cushing’s Ulcer |
acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma
|
|
de Quervain’s Thyroiditis |
self-limiting focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis)
|
|
DiGeorge’s
Syndrome |
thymic hypoplasia,
T-cell deficiency
hypoparathyroidism
|
|
Down’s Syndrome |
trisomy 21 or translocation
|
|
Dressler’s
Syndrome |
Post-MI Fibrinous Pericarditis, autoimmune
|
|
Dubin-Johnson
Syndrome |
congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated)
striking brown-to-black discoloration of the liver
|
|
Duchenne Muscular
Dystrophy |
deficiency of dystrophin protein, X-linked recessive |
|
Edwards’ Syndrome |
trisomy 18
rocker-bottom feet, low ears, heart disease |
|
Ehler’s-Danlos |
defective collagen
|
|
Eisenmenger’s
Complex |
late cyanotic shunt (R to L) pulmonary HTN & RVH 2° to
long-standing VSD, ASD, or PDA
|
|
Erb-Duchenne Palsy |
trauma to superior trunk of brachial plexus Waiter’s Tip
|
|
Ewing Sarcoma |
undifferentiated round cell tumor of bone
|
|
Eyrthroplasia of
Queyrat |
carcinoma in situ on glans penis
|
|
Fanconi’s Syndrome |
impaired proximal tubular reabsorption , due
to lead poisoning or Tetracycline (glycosuria, hyperphosphaturia,
aminoaciduria, systemic acidosis)
|
|
Felty’s Syndrome |
rheumatoid arthritis, neutropenia, splenomegaly
|
|
Gardner’s Syndrome |
adenomatous polyps of colon plus osteomas & soft tissue
tumors
|
|
Gaucher’s Disease |
Lysosomal Storage Disease
glucocerebrosidase deficiency
hepatosplenomegaly, femoral head & long bone erosion, anemia
Crinkled tissue paper cells in marrow
|
|
Gilbert’s Syndrome |
benign congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)
|
|
GIST |
Tumor arising in cells of Cajal (pacemakers of gut)
|
|
Glanzmann's
Thrombasthenia |
defective glycoproteins on platelets
|
|
Goodpasture’s |
autoimmune: ab’s to glomerular & alveolar basement membranes;
linear immunofluorescence
|
|
Grave’s Disease |
autoimmune hyperthyroidism (TSI)
|
|
Guillain-Barre |
idiopathic polyneuritis (ascending muscle weakness &
paralysis; usually self-limiting)
|
|
Hamman-Rich
Syndrome |
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
|
|
Hand-Schuller-Christian |
chronic progressive histiocytosis
|
|
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis |
autoimmune hypothyroidism (antimicrosomal or
antithyroglobulin); Hurthle cells, thyroid germinal centers,
|
|
Hashitoxicosis |
initial hyperthyroidism in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis that
precedes hypothyroidism
|
|
Henoch-Schonlein
purpura |
hypersensivity vasculitis
hemmorhagic urticaria (with fever, arthralgias, GI & renal
involvement)
associated with upper respiratory infections
|
|
Hereditary Spherocytosis |
RBC cytoskeletin defect, most commonly
spectrin
|
|
Hirschprung’s
Disease |
aganglionic megacolon
|
|
Horner’s Syndrome |
ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis (lesion of cervical sympathetic
nerves often d
to a Pancoast tumor)
|
|
Huntington’s |
progressive degeneration of caudate nucleus, putamen &
frontal cortex; AD
|
|
Hunter’s |
Decreased iduronosulfate sulfatase
|
|
Hurler’s |
Decreased alpha-L-iduronidase
|
|
Jacksonian
Seizures |
epileptic events originating in the primary motor cortex
(area 4)
|
|
Job’s Syndrome |
immune deficiency: neutrophils fail to respond to chemotactic
stimuli
|
|
Kaposi Sarcoma |
malignant vascular tumor (HHV8 in homosexual men)
|
|
Kartagener’s
Syndrome |
immotile cilia 2° to defective dynein arms infection, situs
inversus, sterility
|
|
Kawasaki Disease |
mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (lips, oral mucosa) |
|
Keratoconjunctivitis |
adenovirus
|
|
Klinefelter’s
Syndrome |
47, XXY
|
|
Kluver-Bucy |
bilateral lesions of amygdala (hypersexuality; oral behavior)
|
|
Krabbe Disease |
Beta-galactosidase deficiency
|
|
Krukenberg Tumor |
adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cells (typically originating
from the stomach) metastases to the ovaries
|
|
Laennec’s
Cirrhosis |
alcoholic cirrhosis
|
|
Lesch-Nyhan |
HGPRT deficiency
gout, retardation, self-mutilation
|
|
Letterer-Siwe |
acute disseminated Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis
|
|
Libman-Sacks |
endocarditis with small vegetations on valve leaflets
associated with SLE
|
|
Lou Gehrig’s |
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis degeneration of upper & lower
motor neurons
|
|
Mallory-Weis Syndrome |
bleeding from esophagogastric lacerations 2°
to wretching (alcoholics)
|
|
Marfan’s |
elastin defect, floppy mitral valve, arachnodactyly, cystic
medial necrosis, subluxed lens
|
|
McArdle’s Disease |
glycogen storage disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency)
|
|
Meckel’s
Diverticulum |
rule of 2’s: 2 inches long, 2 feet from the ileocecum, in 2%
of the population
embryonic duct origin; may contain ectopic tissue (gastric,
pancreatic, etc.)
|
|
Meig’s Syndrome |
Triad: ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax
|
|
Menetrier’s
Disease |
giant hypertrophic gastritis (enlarged rugae; plasma protein
loss)
|
|
Monckeberg’s
Arteriosclerosis |
calcification of the media (usually radial & ulnar aa.),
pipestem arteries
|
|
Munchausen
Syndrome |
factitious disorder (consciously creates symptoms, but
doesn’t know why)
|
|
Meningioma |
Arachnoid cap cells, whorls of cells
|
|
Mesothelioma |
Asbestos exposure
|
|
Nelson’s Syndrome |
Adrenal Cushings due to surgical removal of adrenals, loss of negative feedback to pituitary,
Pituitary Adenoma
|
|
Niemann-Pick |
Lysosomal Storage Disease
sphingomyelinase deficiency
“foamy histiocytes”
|
|
Osler-Weber-Rendu
Syndrome |
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
|
|
Osteogenesis imperfecta |
Type I collagen defect
|
|
Paget’s Disease |
abnormal bone architecture (thickened, numerous fractures
®
pain) , woven and lamellar bone mosaic
|
|
Pancoast Tumor |
bronchogenic tumor with superior sulcus involvement leads to
Horner’s Syndrome
|
|
Parkinson’s |
dopamine depletion in nigrostriatal tracts; Cogwheel rigidity
|
|
Peutz-Jegher’s Syndrome |
melanin pigmentation of lips, mouth, hand, genitalia plus
hamartomatous polyps of small intestine
|
|
Peyronie’s Disease |
subcutaneous fibrosis of dorsum of penis
|
|
Pick’s Disease |
progressive dementia similar to Alzheimer’s, knife-edged gyri
|
|
Plummer’s Syndrome |
hyperthyroidism, nodular goiter, absence of eye signs
(Plummer’s = Grave’s - eye signs)
|
|
Plummer-Vinson |
esophageal webs & iron-deficiency anemia, SCCA of esophagus |
|
Pompe’s Disease |
glycogen storage disease (acid maltase deficiency) leads to
cardiomegaly
|
|
Pott’s Disease |
tuberculous osteomyelitis of the vertebrae
|
|
Potter’s Complex |
renal agenesis oligohydramnios, hypoplastic
lungs, defects in extremities
|
|
Raynaud’s |
Disease: recurrent vasospasm in extremities
Phenomenon: 2°
to underlying disease (SLE or scleroderma)
|
|
Reiter’s Syndrome |
urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis non-infectious (but
often follows infections), HLA-B27, polyarticular
|
|
Reye’s Syndrome |
microvesicular fatty liver change & encephalopathy
2°
to aspirin ingestion in children following viral illness
|
|
Riedel’s Thyroiditis |
idiopathic fibrous replacement of thyroid
|
|
Rotor Syndrome |
congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated)
similar to Dubin-Johnson, but no discoloration of the liver
|
|
Sezary Syndrome |
leukemic form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)
|
|
Shaver’s Disease |
aluminum inhalation, lung fibrosis
|
|
Sheehan’s Syndrome |
postpartum pituitary necrosis
|
|
Shy-Drager |
parkinsonism with autonomic dysfunction & orthostatic
hypotension
|
|
Simmond’s Disease |
pituitary cachexia
|
|
Sipple’s Syndrome |
MEN type IIa (pheochromocytoma, thyroid medulla, parathyroid)
|
|
Sjogren’s Syndrome |
triad: dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis risk of B-cell
lymphoma
|
|
Spitz Nevus |
juvenile melanoma (always benign)
|
|
Stein-Leventhal |
polycystic ovary
|
|
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome |
erythema multiforme, fever, malaise, mucosal ulceration
(often 2° to infection or sulfa drugs)
|
|
Struma Ovarii |
Thyroid teratoma of ovary
|
|
Still’s Disease |
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (absence of rheumatoid factor)
|
|
Takayasu’s arteritis |
aortic arch syndrome
loss of carotid, radial or ulnar pulses |
|
Tay-Sachs |
gangliosidosis (hexosaminidase A deficiency, GM2
ganglioside)
|
|
Tetralogy of Fallot |
· overriding
aorta, pulmonary artery stenosis,
right ventricular hypertrophy, VSD.
|
|
Tourette’s Syndrome |
involuntary actions, both motor and vocal
|
|
Turcot’s Syndrome |
adenomatous polyps of colon plus CNS tumors
|
|
Turner’s Syndrome |
45, XO
|
|
Typhoid Fever |
Bradycardia and in white people rose spots on abdomen
|
|
Vincent’s Infection |
“trench mouth” - acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
|
|
von Gierke’s Disease |
glycogen storage disease (G6Pase deficiency)
|
|
von Hippel-Lindau |
hemangioma (or hemangioblastoma)
adenomas of the viscera, especially renal cell carcinoma
defect in VHL tumor suppressor
|
|
von Recklinghausen’s |
neurofibromatosis & café au lait spots & Lisch nodule (iris
hamartomas)
|
|
von Recklinghausen’s Disease of Bone |
osteitis fibrosa cystica (“brown tumor”) 2°
to hyperparathyroidism
|
|
von Willebrand’s Disease |
defect in platelet adhesion 2°
to deficiency in vWF; increased bleeding time and PTT
|
|
Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia |
proliferation of IgM-producing lymphoid cells
|
|
Wallenberg’s Syndrome |
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) thrombosis
“Medullary Syndrome”
Ipsilateral: ataxia, facial pain & temp; Contralateral: body
pain & temp
|
|
Waterhouse-Friderichsen |
catastrophic adrenal insufficiency 2°
to hemorrhagic necrosis (eg, DIC)
often 2°
to meningiococcemia
|
|
Weber’s Syndrome |
Paramedian Infarct of Midbrain
Ipsilateral: mydriasis; Contralateral: UMN paralysis (lower
face & body)
|
|
Wegener’s Granulomatosis |
necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of paranasal sinuses,
lungs, kidneys, etc.
|
|
Weil’s Disease |
leptospirosis
|
|
Wermer’s Syndrome |
MEN type I (thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal cortex, pancreatic
islets, pituitary)
|
|
Wernicke’s Aphasia |
Sensory Aphasia impaired comprehension
|
|
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome |
thiamine deficiency in alcoholics; bilateral mamillary
bodies (confusion, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia)
|
|
Whipple’s Disease |
malabsorption syndrome (with bacteria-laden macrophages) &
polyarthritis
|
|
Wilson’s Disease |
hepatolenticular degeneration (copper accumulation &
decrease in ceruloplasmin)
|
|
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome |
immunodeficiency: combined B- &T-cell deficiency
(thrombocytopenia & eczema)
|
|
Wolff-Chaikoff Effect |
high iodine level decr. thyroid hormone synthesis
|
|
Zenker’s Diverticulum |
esophageal; cricopharyngeal muscles above UES
|
|
Zollinger-Ellison |
gastrin-secreting tumor of pancreas (or intestine) incr.
acid, intractable ulcers |
|
Adhesive arachnoiditis |
Caused by bacterial meningitis, leads to obstructive
hydrocephalus
|
|
Albumino-Cytologic Dissociation |
Guillain-Barre (markedly increased protein in CSF with only
modest increase in cell count)
|
|
AFP increase |
Neural tube defects, hepatocellular carcinoma, yolk sac and
embryonal carcinoma
|
|
AFP decrease |
Down’s
|
|
Amnion nodosum |
Renal agenesis
|
|
Amyloid in thyroid |
Thyroid medullary carcinoma (calcitonin)
|
|
Analgesic abuse |
Papillary necrosis, esp. in diabetics
|
|
Anasarca |
Minimal change disease
|
|
Aneurysmal nodules |
Polyarteritis nodosa
|
|
Angiomyolipoma |
Tuberous sclerosis
|
|
Anosmia |
Kallman’s syndrome
|
|
Anterior vermian atrophy |
alcoholism
|
|
Anti-centromere antibody |
Limited scleroderma (CREST)
|
|
Anti-DNA topoisomerase antibody |
Diffuse scleroderma
|
|
Anti-endomysial antibody |
Celiac sprue
|
|
Anti-jo antibody |
polymositis
|
|
Anti-mitochondrial antibody |
Primary biliary cirrhosis
|
|
Antiplatelet Antibodies |
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
|
|
Anti-sacharommyces cervisiae antibody |
Crohn’s
|
|
Anti-Smith antibodies |
Specific for SLE, anti-ribonulceoprotein
|
|
Anti-smooth muscle antibody |
Autoimmune hepatitis type I
|
|
Arachnodactyly |
Marfan’s
|
|
Aschoff Bodies |
rheumatic fever
|
|
Ashleaf spots (skin) |
Tuberous sclerosis
|
|
Atypical lymphocytes |
EBV
|
|
Auer Rods |
acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML type M3)
|
|
Autosplenectomy |
sickle cell anemia
|
|
Babinski |
UMN lesion
|
|
Bacterial conjuntivitis |
S. aureus, strep. pneumo, Hemophilus aegyptius
|
|
Basophilic Stippling of RBCs |
lead poisoning
|
|
Bence Jones Protein |
multiple myeloma free light chains (either kappa or lambda)
Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia
|
|
Bilateral breast cancer |
Lobular carcinoma
|
|
Bilateral renal cell carcinoma |
Von Hippel-Lindau
|
|
Birbeck Granules |
histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
|
|
Bladder trabeculation |
BPH
|
|
Bloody nipple discharge |
Intraductal papilloma
|
|
Blueberry muffin baby |
Rubella
|
|
Blue Bloater |
Chronic Bronchitis
|
|
Blue Sclera |
Osteogenesis imperfecta
|
|
Boot-Shaped Heart |
Tetralogy of Fallot
|
|
Bouchard’s Nodes |
osteoarthritis (PIP)
|
|
Boutonniere’s Deformity |
rheumatoid arthritis
|
|
Bronze Diabetes |
Hemochromatosis
|
|
Brown Tumor |
hyperparathyroidism
|
|
Brudzinski sign |
meningitis
|
|
Brushfield Spots |
Down’s, on iris
|
|
Call-Exner Bodies |
granulosa cell tumor
|
|
Carbon monoxide poisoning |
Hyperemia, edema and necrosis of globus
|
|
Cardiomegaly with Apical Atrophy |
Chagas’ Disease
|
|
Central Nuclei in Muscle |
Muscular dystrophies
|
|
Chancre |
1°
Syphilis, painless firm ulcers
|
|
Chancroid |
Haemophilus ducreyi, painful soft ulcers
|
|
Charcot Triad |
multiple sclerosis (nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning
speech)
|
|
Charcot-Leyden Crystals |
bronchial asthma
|
|
Cherry-red spot on macula |
Tay-Sachs, 50% of Niemann-Pick
|
|
Cheyne-Stokes Breathing |
cerebral lesion
|
|
Chocolate Cysts |
endometriosis
|
|
Cholesterol clefts |
atherosclerosis
|
|
Chordae tendinae short and fused |
Rheumatic heart disease
|
|
Chronic staph infections |
Chronic granulomatous disease, a deficiency of NADPH oxidase,
can’t kill catalase positive bugs
|
|
Chvostek’s Sign |
Hypocalcemia facial spasm in tetany
|
|
Clear nuclei |
Thyroid papillary carcinoma (Orphan Annie’s eyes)
|
|
Clue Cells |
Gardnerella vaginitis
|
|
Codman’s Triangle |
osteosarcoma
|
|
Coin Lesions in Lung |
Pulmonary Hamartoma
|
|
Cold Agglutinins |
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
infectious mononucleosis
|
|
Cold thyroid nodules |
Colloid cyst or thyroid adenoma
|
|
Concentric laminar intimal fibrosis of
small arteries of lung
|
Primary pulmonary hypertension |
|
Condyloma Lata |
2°
Syphilis
new coffee flavor at Bagel & Bagel
|
|
Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis |
Polycystic Kidney Disease, juvenile autosomal recessive form
|
|
Contraction Band Necrosis |
MI
|
|
Cotton Wool Spots |
HTN
|
|
Councilman Bodies |
dying hepatocytes
|
|
Crescents In Bowman’s Capsule |
rapidly progressive (crescentic glomerulonephritis)
|
|
Crushed ping pong balls |
Pneumocystis carinii
|
|
Crypt abscesses |
Ulcerative colitis
|
|
Currant-Jelly Sputum |
Klebsiella
|
|
Curschmann’s Spirals |
bronchial asthma
|
|
Cystathioine synthase deficieny |
homocystinuria
|
|
D-dimers |
DIC
|
|
Depigmentation Of Substantia Nigra
|
Parkinson’s |
|
Dew drop on rose petal |
Chicken pox
|
|
Diaphragmatic pleural plaques |
Asbestosis
|
|
Donovan Bodies |
granuloma inguinale (STD)
|
|
Double bubble sign on ultrasound |
Down’s syndorme – duodenal atresia
|
|
Duret Hemorrhages |
Uncal herniation
|
|
Eburnation |
osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)
|
|
Eccentric intimal fibrosis with medial
hypertrophy |
Chronic transplant rejection
|
|
Ectopia Lentis |
Marfan’s
|
|
Embolizing endocarditis |
Infectious, marantic (fibrin deposits in hypercoagulable
states)
|
|
Erythema Chronicum Migrans |
Lyme Disease
|
|
Excavation of Optic Cup |
Glaucoma
|
|
Exopthalmos |
hyperthyroid
|
|
FAT RN |
TTP (fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure, neuro
problems)
|
|
Fatty Liver |
Alcoholism
|
|
Fecalith |
Acute appendicitis
|
|
False positive VDRL |
SLE, Treponema pertenue (non-STD tropical infection)
|
|
Ferruginous Bodies |
asbestosis
|
|
Fish-mouthed mitral valve |
Rheumatic heart disease
|
|
Flea-bitten Kidney |
Malignant Hypertension
|
|
Frontal bossing |
Sickle cell anemia
|
|
Fungus ball in lung |
Apergillus
|
|
galactosemia |
Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase deficiency or
galactokinase deficiency
|
|
Garlic odor on breath |
Arsenic (or lasagna)
|
|
Ghon Complex |
Tuberculosis, primary
|
|
Gold Pneumonia |
Lipid pneumonia, exogenous (aspiration) or endogenous
(obstruction)
|
|
Gower’s Maneuver |
Duchenne’s MD use of arms to stand
|
|
Gray discoloration of skin |
Argyria (silver poisoning)
|
|
Hat size increase |
Paget’s disease of bone
|
|
Heart Failure Cells |
CHF; hemosiderin-laden macrophages in lungs
|
|
Heberden’s Nodes |
Osteoarthritis (DIP)
|
|
Heinz Bodies |
G6PDH Deficiency
|
|
Hemarthrosis |
Coagulation factor deficiency
|
|
Hemorrhagic Temporal Lobe Lesion |
HSV
|
|
Hemorrhagic Urticaria |
Henoch-Schonlein
|
|
Heterophil Antibodies |
infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
|
|
Hirano Bodies |
Alzheimer’s
|
|
HLA B27 |
Ankylosing spondylitis
|
|
ochronosis (dark pigment of fibrous
tissue)
|
Alkaptonuria –homogentisic acid oxidase deficiency |
|
Honeycomb lung |
Pulmonary fibrosis
|
|
Howell Jolley Bodies |
Splenectomy, remnant of nuclear DNA
|
|
H shaped vertebrae |
Sickle cell anemia
|
|
Human placental lactogen increase |
Placental site trophoblastic tumor
|
|
Hyaline thrombi |
TTP
|
|
Hydrosalpinx |
Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease
|
|
Hypersegmented PMNs |
Megaloblastic anemia
|
|
Hypochromic Microcytic RBCs |
iron-deficiency anemia
|
|
IgM against IgG |
Rheumatoid arthritis (rheumatoid factor)
|
|
¯ Immunoglobulins |
X-linked Brutons agammaglobulinemia, and common variable
immunodeficiency
|
|
Index finger overlapping 3rd
and 4th |
Edward’s (Trisomy 18)
|
|
Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction |
Syphilis over-aggressive treatment of an asymptomatic
pt. that causes symptoms 2° to rapid lysis
|
|
Joint Mice |
osteoarthritis (fractured osteophytes)
|
|
Kaussmaul Breathing |
acidosis
|
|
Keratin Pearls |
SCCA
|
|
Kernig’s sign |
meningitis
|
|
Keyser-Fleischer Ring |
Wilson’s
|
|
Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules |
diabetic nephropathy
|
|
Koilocytes |
HPV
|
|
Koplik Spots |
measles
|
|
Lacunar cells |
Variant of Reed-Sternberg cell seen in nodular sclerosing
Hodgkin’s Disease
|
|
Lacunar infarct |
Chronic hypertension
|
|
Lamellar bodies |
Contain surfactant in Type II pneumocytes
|
|
Langhans giant cells |
Tuberculosis, other including coccidioides
|
|
Lemon yellow skin color |
Pernicious anemia
|
|
Lemon sign |
Ultrasonographic finding in Neural Tube Defects
|
|
Leukocoria |
Retinoblastoma
|
|
Lewy Bodies |
Parkinson’s (eosinophilic inclusions in damaged substantia
nigra cells)
|
|
Leukocyte alk. Phos. Positive |
Leukemoid rxn.
|
|
Lines of Zahn |
arterial thrombus
|
|
Lisch Nodules |
neurofibromatosis (von Recklinhausen’s disease)
|
|
Loss of grey-white junction |
Tuberous sclerosis
|
|
Low set ears |
Downs, DiGeorge, Trisomy 18 (Edwards)
|
|
Lumpy-Bumpy IF Glomeruli |
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
|
|
Machine-like murmur |
Patent ductus arteriosus
|
|
Macronodular cirrhosis |
Wilson’s, viral hepatitis, alpha-1-antitrypsin
|
|
Malignant pustule |
Anthrax (black skin lesion)
|
|
Mallory Bodies |
Alcoholic liver disease: intermediate filaments of hepatocyte
cytoskeleton
|
|
Maple syrup/burnt sugar urine |
Alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase deficiency; valine, leucine and
isoleucine build up (branched)
|
|
McBurney’s Sign |
appendicitis (McBurney’s Point is 2/3 of the way from the
umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine)
|
|
Meconium ileus |
Cystic Fibrosis
|
|
Mees lines |
Arsenic (parallel lines on fingernails)
|
|
Melanosis coli |
Laxative abuse
|
|
Mental probs. with heart defect
|
Mitral prolapse |
|
Michealis-Gutmann Bodies |
Malakoplakia, an abnormal tissue response to kidney infection
|
|
Microglial nodules |
HIV
|
|
Micrognathia |
DiGeorge
|
|
Micronodular cirrhosis |
Wilsons, alcoholic, hemochromatosis, primary biliary
cirrhosis
|
|
Microsatellite instability |
HNPCC (right-sided colon cancer), but also possible in other
cancers
|
|
Mid-systolic click |
Mitral prolapse
|
|
Monoclonal Antibody Spike |
multiple myeloma this is called the M protein (usually IgG
or IgA)
MGUS
|
|
Mousy / musty odor |
PKU
|
|
Mucosal bleeding |
Platelet problem (qualitative or quantitative)
|
|
Myxedema |
hypothyroidism
|
|
Necrolytic migratory erythema dermatitis |
a-cell islet tumor
|
|
Negri Bodies and hydrophobia |
rabies
|
|
Neuritic Plaques |
Alzheimer’s
|
|
Neurofibrillary Tangles |
Alzheimer’s
|
|
Night pain relieved by aspirin |
Osteoid osteoma
|
|
Non-embolizing endocarditis |
Rheumatic, Libman-Sacks (with SLE)
|
|
Non-pitting Edema |
Myxedema
Anthrax Toxin
|
|
Notching of Ribs |
Coarctation of Aorta
|
|
Nutmeg Liver |
CHF, right heart
|
|
Onion skin kidney arterioles |
Malignant nephrosclerosis (malignant hypertension)
|
|
Oligoclonal band |
Multiple sclerosis
|
|
Osteoid production |
osteosarcoma
|
|
Painless Jaundice |
pancreatic CA (head)
|
|
Palatal Petechaie |
Strep pharyngitis
|
|
Palpable purpura |
Hypersensitivity vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein, serum
sickness)
|
|
Pancarditis |
Rheumatic fever
|
|
Pannus |
rheumatoid arthritis
|
|
PAS positive macrophages |
Whipple’s disease
|
|
Patent ductus arteriosus |
Maternal rubella and prematurity
|
|
Pautrier’s Microabscesses |
mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)
|
|
Periductal edema |
Gynecomastia
|
|
Periventricular Calcifications |
Congenital CMV (brain ventricles, that is)
|
|
Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency |
PKU
|
|
Philadelphia Chromosome |
CML
|
|
Pick Bodies |
Pick’s Disease
|
|
Piecemeal Necrosis |
Chronic active hepatitis (periportal hepatocytes)
|
|
Plexiform lesions |
Pulmonary HTN (aneurysmal expansion of vessel wall)
|
|
Pink, foamy lung exudate |
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
|
|
Pink Puffer |
Emphysema Centroacinar – smoking Panacinar - a1-antitrypsin
deficiency
|
|
Podagra |
gout (MP joint of hallux)
|
|
Porcelain gallbladder |
Chronic cholecystitis (scarring)
|
|
Porcelain gallstones |
Associated with gallbladder adenocarcinoma
|
|
Port-Wine Stain |
Hemangioma
|
|
Posterior Anterior Drawer Sign |
tearing of the ACL
|
|
Proliferating bile ducts |
Obstructive jaundice
|
|
Psammoma Bodies |
Papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid
Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary
Meningioma
Mesothelioma
|
|
Pseudohypertrophy |
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
|
|
Pseudopoyps |
Ulcerative colitis
|
|
Pulmonary atherosclerosis |
Cor pulmonale
|
|
Punched-Out Bone Lesions |
multiple myeloma
|
|
Punched-out esophageal lesions |
herpes
|
|
Rash on Palms & Soles |
2° Syphilis
RMSF
|
|
RBC poikilocytosis |
Beta-thalassemia
|
|
Rectangular RBC’s |
Hemoglobin SC
|
|
Red hyalin globules |
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (in liver)
|
|
Red Morning Urine |
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
|
|
Reed-Sternberg Cells |
Hodgkin’s Disease
|
|
Reid Index Increased |
chronic bronchitis
|
|
Reinke Crystals |
Leydig cell tumor
|
|
Rhomboid crystals |
Pseudogout
|
|
Rim pattern |
SLE, staining pattern with anti-double stranded DNA
antibodies
|
|
Rockerbottom feet |
Patau (Trisomy 13), Edward’s (Trisomy 18)
|
|
Rose thorns |
Sporotrichosis
|
|
Rouleaux Formation |
multiple myeloma RBC’s stacked as poker chips
|
|
Rugae loss |
Pernicious anemia (atrophic gastritis)
|
|
S3 Heart Sound |
L to R Shunt (VSD, PDA)
Mitral Regurg
LV Failure
|
|
S4 Heart Sound |
Pulmonary Stenosis
Pulmonary HTN
|
|
Scalloped colloid |
Grave’s disease
|
|
Schwartzman Reaction |
Neisseria meningitidis impressive
rash with bugs
|
|
Shagreen patches |
Tuberous sclerosis
|
|
Simian Crease |
Down’s
|
|
Smith Antigen |
SLE (also anti-dsDNA)
|
|
Smudge cells |
CLL (delicate cells easily destroyed on peripheral smear)
|
|
Soap Bubble on X-Ray |
giant cell tumor of bone
|
|
Soldiers plaque |
Clinically insignificant remnant of healed pericarditis
|
|
Spider telangiectasia |
Hyperestrinism: liver faillure, pregnancy
|
|
Spike & Dome Glomeruli |
membranous glomerulonephritis
|
|
Splinter hemorrhages |
Infective endocarditis
|
|
Strawberry tongue |
Scarlet fever, Kawasaki’s
|
|
Strawberry cervix |
Trichomonas vaginalis
|
|
Strawberry gallbladder |
cholesterolosis
|
|
String Sign on X-ray |
Crohn’s bowel wall thickening
|
|
Sugar icing on spleen |
Portal hypertension
|
|
Sulfer granules |
Collection of actinomyces or nocardia organisms in chronic
abscessing bronchopneumonia
|
|
Swiss cheese brain |
Clostridia (gas forming)
|
|
Syncitia |
RSV, measles
|
|
Tamm-Horsfall protein |
Hyaline casts (non-specific)
|
|
Target Cells |
Thalassemia
|
|
Teardrop RBCs |
Myelofibrosis
|
|
Temporal lobe encephalitis |
Herpes
|
|
Tendinous Xanthomas |
Familial Hypercholesterolemia
|
|
Tethered cord |
Arnold-Chiari malformation (tonsilar herniation)
|
|
Tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor def. |
PKU
|
|
Thymidine dimers |
Xeroderma pigmentosum
|
|
Thymus, parathyroid agenesis |
Digeorge (3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouch)
|
|
Thyroidization of Kidney |
chronic pyelonephritis
|
|
TIBC increase |
Anemia of chronic disease
|
|
Tingible Bodies |
Macrophage in lymph node germinal centers
|
|
Tophi |
gout
|
|
Tram-Track Glomeruli |
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
|
|
Tree bark aorta |
Syphilis
|
|
Trousseau’s Sign |
visceral ca, classically pancreatic (migratory
thrombophlebitis)
hypocalcemia (carpal spasm)
These are two entirely different disease processes and
different signs, but they unfortunately have the same name.
|
|
TSI > TGI |
Grave’s
|
|
TGI > TSI |
Hashimoto’s
|
|
Tyrosinase deficiency |
Albinism
|
|
Virchow’s Node |
supraclavicular node enlargement by metastatic carcinoma of
the stomach
|
|
VMA and metenephrins in urine |
Pheochromocytoma
|
|
Warthin-Finkeldey Giant Cells |
Measles
|
|
Waterhammer pulse |
Aortic regurgitation
|
|
WBC Casts |
pyelonephritis
|
|
White matter petechaie |
Fat emboli
|
|
Winged scapula |
Long thoracic nerve (C5,6,7) damage, common with radical
mastectomy
|
|
Wire Loop Glomeruli |
lupus nephropathy, type IV
|
|
Wrinkled glomerular basement membrane |
ischemia
|
|
AFP in amniotic fluid or mother’s
serum |
Spina Bifida
Anencephaly
|
|
Uric Acid |
Gout
Lesch Nyhan
Myeloproliferative Disorders
Diuretics (Loop & Thiazides)
|
|
¯ FEV1/FVC |
COPD
|
|
¯ glucose, protein in CSF |
Bacterial meningitis
|
|
dopamine receptors |
Schizophrenia
|
|
¯ dopamine receptors |
Parkinson’s |
|
1° Tumor arising from bone in adults |
Multiple Myeloma |
|
Adrenal Medullary Tumor – Adults |
Pheochromocytoma |
|
Adrenal Medullary Tumor – Children |
Neuroblastoma |
|
Arteries of stroke |
Lateral striate |
|
Bacterial Meningitis – adults |
Neisseria meningitidis |
|
Bacterial Meningitis – elderly |
Strep pneumoniae |
|
Bacterial Meningitis – newborns |
E. coli |
|
Bacterial Meningitis – toddlers |
Hib |
|
B cell defect (genetic) |
Isolated IgA deficiency |
|
Bone Tumors |
Metasteses from Breast & Prostate |
|
Brain Tumor – Child |
Medulloblastoma (cerebellum) |
|
Brain Tumor –Adult |
Astrocytoma (including Glioblastoma Multiforme) then: mets,
meningioma, Schwannoma |
|
Breast Carcinoma |
Invasive Duct Carcinoma |
|
Breast Mass |
Fibrocystic Change (Carcinoma is the most common is
post-menopausal women) |
|
Bug in Acute Endocarditis |
Staph aureus |
|
Bug in debilitated, hospitalized
pneumonia pt |
Klebsiella |
|
Bug in Epiglottitis |
Hib |
|
Bug in GI Tract |
Bacteroides (2nd – E. coli) |
|
Bug in IV drug user bacteremia /
pneumonia |
Staph aureus |
|
Bug in PID |
N. Gonnorrhoeae |
|
Bug in Subacute Endocarditis |
Strep Viridans |
|
Cardiac 1° Tumor – Adults |
Myxoma “Ball Valve” |
|
Cardiac 1° Tumor – Child |
Rhabdomyoma |
|
Cardiac Tumor – Adults |
Metasteses |
|
Cardiomyopathy |
Dilated (Congestive) Cardiomyopathy |
|
Carpal bone fractured |
scaphoid |
|
Cause of 2° HTN |
Renal Disease |
|
Cause of Addison’s |
Autoimmune (2nd – infection) |
|
Cause of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia |
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (then, 11-) |
|
Cause of Cushings |
Exogenous Steroid Therapy (then, 1° ACTH, Adrenal Adenoma,
Ectopic ACTH) |
|
Cause of death in Alzheimer pts |
Pneumonia |
|
Cause of death in amyloidosis |
Chronic renal failure |
|
Cause of death in Diabetics |
MI |
|
Cause of Death in SLE pts. |
Lupus Nephropathy Type IV (Diffuse Proliferative) |
|
Cause of Dementia |
Alzheimer’s |
|
Cause of Dementia (2nd most
common) |
Multi-Infarct Dementia |
|
Cause of food poisoning |
Staph aureus |
|
Cause of mental retardation |
Down’s |
|
Cause of mental retardation (2nd
most common) |
Fragile X |
|
Cause of preventable blindness |
Chlamydia |
|
Cause of Pulmonary HTN |
COPD |
|
Cause of SIADH |
Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung |
|
Chromosomal disorder |
Down’s |
|
Congenital cardiac anomaly |
VSD (membranous > muscular) |
|
Congenital early cyanosis |
Tetralogy of Fallot |
|
Coronary Artery thrombosis |
LAD |
|
Demyelinating Disease |
Multiple Sclerosis |
|
Dietary Deficiency |
Iron |
|
Disseminated opportunistic infection in
AIDS |
CMV (Pneumocystis carinii is most common overall) |
|
Esophageal cancer |
SCCA |
|
Fatal genetic defect in Caucasians |
Cystic Fibrosis |
|
Female Tumor |
Leimyoma |
|
Form of Amyloidosis |
Immunologic (Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma is also
called the Amyloid Light Chain) |
|
Form of Tularemia |
Ulceroglandular |
|
Gynecologic malignancy |
Endometrial Carcinoma |
|
Heart Murmur |
Mitral Valve Prolapse |
|
Heart problem in AIDS |
Pericarditis |
|
Heart tumor in adults |
myxoma |
|
Heart tumor in kids |
rhabdomyoma |
|
Heart Valve in bacterial endocarditis |
Mitral |
|
Heart Valve in bacterial endocarditis in
IV drug users |
Tricuspid |
|
Heart Valve involved in Rheumatic Fever |
Mitral then Aortic |
|
Hereditary Bleeding Disorder |
Von Willebrand’s Disease |
|
Liver 1° Tumor |
Hepatoma, seen in women on oral contraceptives |
|
Liver Disease |
Alcoholic Liver Disease |
|
Location of Adult brain tumors |
Above Tentorium |
|
Location of Childhood brain tumors |
Below Tentorium |
|
Location of GI tuberculosis |
Ileocecal |
|
Lysosomal Storage Disease |
Gaucher’s |
|
Motor Neuron Disease |
ALS |
|
Myocarditis cause |
Coxsackie B |
|
Neoplasm – Child |
Leukemia |
|
Neoplasm – Child (2nd most
common) |
Medulloblastoma of brain (cerebellum) |
|
Nephrotic Syndrome |
Membranous Glomerulonephritis |
|
Opportunistic infection in AIDS |
PCP |
|
Osteomyelitis in IV drug user |
Pseudomonas |
|
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell
|
Salmonella |
|
Ovarian Malignancy |
Serous Cystadenoma |
|
Ovarian Tumor |
Hamartoma |
|
Pancreatic Tumor |
Adeno (usually in the head) |
|
Patient with ALL / CLL / AML / CML |
ALL - Child / CLL - Adult over 60 / AML - Adult over 60 / CML
- Adult 35-50 |
|
Patient with Goodpasture’s |
Young male |
|
Patient with Reiter’s |
Male |
|
Pituitary Tumor |
Prolactinoma (2nd – Somatotropic “Acidophilic”
Adenoma) |
|
Primary Hyperparathyroidism |
Adenomas (followed by: hyperplasia, then carcinoma) |
|
Pt. With Hodgkin’s |
Young Male (except Nodular Sclerosis type – Female) |
|
Pt. With Minimal Change Disease |
Young Child |
|
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism |
Hypocalcemia of Chronic Renal Failure |
|
Sexually transmitted disease |
Chlamydia |
|
Site of Diverticula |
Sigmoid Colon |
|
Site of metastasis |
Regional Lymph Nodes |
|
Site of metastasis (2nd
most common) |
Liver |
|
Sites of atherosclerosis |
Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid |
|
Skin Cancer |
Basal Cell Carcinoma |
|
Stomach cancer |
Adeno |
|
Testicular Tumor |
Seminoma |
|
Thyroid Cancer |
Papillary Carcinoma |
|
Tracheoesophageal Fistula |
Lower esophagus joins trachea / upper esophagus – blind pouch |
|
Tumor of Infancy |
Hemangioma |
|
Type of Hodkin’s |
Mixed Cellularity (versus: lymphocytic predominance,
lymphocytic depletion, nodular sclerosis) |
|
Type of Non-Hodgkin’s |
Follicular, small cleaved |
|
Vasculitis (of medium & small arteries) |
Temporal Arteritis |
|
Viral Encephalitis |
HSV |
|
Worm infection in US |
Pinworm (2nd – Ascaris) |
