What are the significant issues from The Republic pertinent to our overall inquiry? Cite exact text.
The Republic, Book one opens on Plato trying to figure out if a good man is necessarily just: ("and the just man is good?") but then he realizes that he has not even defined this "justice" yet. ("When I don't even know what justice is, I shall hardly know whether it is really a virtue or not, and whether one who has it is happy or not happy.")
Then, in Book 2, Plato tries to figure out what exactly justice is, and he does this by exploring the issue of justice in a city as a whole, so he can later figure out the issue of justice within a single person. ("suppose we should imagine we see a city in the making, we might see its justice, too, in the making, and the injustice?") We also learn that we should not trust the Homeric heroes, but the Socratic heroes are the ones to idolize.
Book 4 discusses that people need to engage in lawfulness from the start to grow into law abiding citizens. ("When play becomes lawless and the children likewise it is impossible that law-abiding and serious men should grow out of such children.") Book 4 also discusses justice (of course) and then injustice. (justice: "inwardly and trult he must do his own business in himself." injustice: "to implant justice is to settle things so that one part rules and one part is ruled by another contrary to nature.")
Book 6 discusses philosophers as leaders/guardians thus intimating that a love of knowledge is important is important in all things ("Until the philosophic character is master of the city there will be no rest from misery for either city or citzens, and the constitution which we describe in words in our fable will never be accompished in fact") as well as that good exceeds knowledge. ("Similarly with things known, you will agree that the good is not only the cause of their becoming known, but the cause that knowledge exists and of the state of knowledge, although the good is not itself a state of knowledge but something transcending far beyond it in dignity and power.")
