List and explanation of "Jing"

List of Jings as chronicled by Chen Yen Ling who "borrowed" the books

of the Yang Family. I.e., these jing reflect Yang family sayings but

can be found in most of internal and external traditional martial

arts. Most of them are present in the current form of Luohan Quan

depending of the level of practice : Ming Jing (bright energy), An

Jing (quiet energy) or Hua Jing (transforming energy).

Even though these are all called jing, you can easily see that many

of them are just techniques and skills that utilize the core strengths

of the internal martial arts.

Peng Jing (Pushing Power)

Peng is the very basic "power". It is the ability to transmit power,

strength, energy, etc, thru an "extremity" (one of the 7 stars : head,

shoulders, elbows, hands, hips, knees, feet).

Ding Jing (Listening Power)

Peng is considered also as the audible energy because it is through

peng that one can listen to the opponent's body. As the student

develops the core peng strength, work is begun on building a good

connection and communication between student and opponent. Through

the aid of practice to increase sensitivity, the student can precisely

detect the opponent's power, center of gravity, direction, pressure,

etc., as if actually hearing the vibrations. Understanding Power

(Dong Jing) motivation, one can continue developing and advancing

listening ability to the stage of under standing power. In other words,

the mind becomes able to analyze and measure the pressure, direction

character, speed, force, etc., of the opponent's movements in order to

be able to cope with them properly. In most chinese martial arts this

Power is trained thru Tuishou (pushing-hand) drills (f.e. called

Chi sao in wingchun).

Zang Lian Jing (Sticking Power)

Through Rolling Hands Practice, Pushing Practice and practice in

reversing the transfer of power process, the student develops the

sensitivity and controlling ability known as sticking power. In

other words, the student should be able to stick with an opponent

in order to control him, attack, or defeat his attack. Usually with

the initial contact between two people in a free-style fighting

situation, the student can use peng to sense the opponent's hand

(with advanced students the sensitivity will encompass the entire

body) and there is an almost magnetic feeling. That is, the opponent

feels as if he were stuck to the student almost like chewing gum

can stick to the body. The special application of sticking power is

the slowing of an opponent's speed and also the redirection of any

kind of energy emitted by the opponent (a straight push get deflected

without any apparent reason. This Power is also involved in the

"unpushable man" trick).

Zuo Jing (Following Power)

By combining all of the previously described types of power, one

can advance one's ability further and develop following power.

This type of power allows the student to follow the direction of

the opponent in all situations and respond accordingly.

Hua Jing (Neutralizing Power)

With neutralizing power the student is able to guide their following

power in a yielding manner, in order to counterbalance or make

ineffective the attacking and defending ability of an opponent.

Ce Jing (Borrowing Power)

Through borrowing power, the student is able to utilize an opponent's

power by adapting it to purposes that are beneficial to the student's

own designs. When an opponent attacks with, say, ten pounds of force,

the student not only neutralizes (yields) but also borrows that force

into his foot and reflects it back to the opponent, often at such an

angle that the opponent is tossed away by largely his own power.

In Luohan Quan this power is used at "An Jing" level for every move

that appear as a block at "Ming Jing" level.

Ying Jing (Drawing-up Power)

Should an opponent refuse to transfer power, the student is in the

situation of having no power to borrow from. In such a situation it

is up to the student to cause the attacker to yield his power so that

it can be utilized for reflection back to the opponent. This process

is known as drawing-up power from an opponent. A lot of this may just

be psychology and reflex.

Di Jing (Uprooting Power)

The ability to cause an opponent to bounce backward and upward,

thereby making him lose his root to the ground, is known as uprooting

power. When used in a more moderate fashion, i.e., by keeping peng in

an upward direction to the opponent's center, this power will cause him

to float. In Luohan Quan this power is used to prepare counterattacks

and throws, usually combining the power of the arms with the power of

the stance / hips.

Chen Jing (Sinking Power)

By reversing the practice of uprooting power the student is able to

develop the ability to sink using it against an attempt to uproot him.

Success in sinking power development can cause one's opponent to feel

that it is impossible to uproot the student. The relaxed, connected body

is the source of this.

Na Jing (Controlling Power)

Controlling power is applied during Rolling Hands practice or Free Hand

practice. The student will try different methods to take over control

of the situation and eventually lock the opponent into a position which

will defeat him. The constant and skillful use of peng and connection

are what power this skill. In Luohan Quan we all call this power the

"trapping power" as it allows to lead the opponent in a way / posture

that is uncomfortable and unstable.

Kai Jing (Open-up Power)

This is the application of internal power in such a manner as to cause

an opponent who has maintained a defensive position for an extended

period of time to open up his defenses and thus be defeated. Psychology

and reflex in relation to the opponent are vital for this.

He Jing (Close-up Power)

In this case the student directs his internal power inward in such a manner

as to cause an opponent to react by closing-up toward his center as a means

of defense. In the process of closing-up, it is possible to trap the

opponent because he is so drawn in toward his balance point that there

is no way that he can move outward; thus the student is able to control

the situation and defeat him. This is the perfect power to use against

a bully opponent, attracting him to a "unprotected" area and then let

him crash against a hard part of your body (knee, elbow, shoulder, ...)

Po Jing (Deflecting Power)

This is a specialized development of internal power. In applying deflecting

power the practitioner is able to bounce an attacker to the side, or divert

his force, to bring the student out of danger. Here the skill of

controlling not only your own peng but the opponent's force vector

(whether he uses peng or not) is critical.

Zhou Jing (Rubbing Power)

This transfer of power is achieved through a rubbing motion of the hands or

other parts of the body. The motion used is similar to that of rubbing clay

between the palms to form a long rope or coil. Often, qinna are applied

with this for attacking opponent's muscles.

Fa Jing (Exploding Power)

This transfer of power is achieved through a burst of energy, releasing power

suddendly and "overloading" the opponent. At "ming jing" level, this power

is used for every "attacking" moves of Luohan Quan.

Ce Jing (Twisting Power)

When applying internal power in this manner, the student twists an opponent

in an action similar to that of wringing out a wash cloth. This type of power

is used to lock an opponent into a position where he can be easily defeated

or just keep it secured. The internal version of this well known move

different in that it relies on physical law rather than muscle power.

Zhuan Jing (Spiral Power)

Because of this screwing motion, this type of power transfer is sometimes

referred to as screwing power. It is the base of Chansi Jing (silk reiling

power)Mainly use in Baguazhang this power is used in every turning move of

Luohan Quan, transforming a possibly weak posture into an even more powerful

motion. Of course a good grounding and lower body strength is required.

Ci Jing (Cutting Power) or Heng Jing (Crossing Power)

This type of power transfer, is a clean, sharp cutting type of motion which

is applied to an opponent from the side in order to disable or interrupt an

attack. Used with Zhuan Jing this can produce extremely powerful moves which

can inflict heavy damages.

Duan Jing (Interrupting Power)

Interrupting power usually refers to the skill of "leaving the jing in the

opponent.... mainly so no return which borrows" your power can be used.

This skill is very hard to train and requires a very trained mind.

Cun Jing (Inch Power)

Sometimes called short-power.... the ability to release great power with

very little motion. The most famous martial artist using this power is of

course Bruce Lee (the famous one inch punch), to achieve the maximum power,

Zhuan Jing, Fa Jing and Ying Jing are required.

Zuo Te Jing (Folding Power)

Folding power usually implies the skill of folding the body and hitting with

the closest body part, using fa jing. For instance, if an opponent holds

your wrist, hit him with Elbow using fa jing or cun jing; if he holds your

elbow, hit him with shoulder (Kao) or hip, etc.

Ling Gong Jing (Distance Power)

This is the power of supposedly hitting without touching from a distance.

I've personally never experimenced this power, but I've felt

"energy projection" (perceived as warm feeling moving accordingly

the expert's will and motions). BTW before even reaching that level

there is a lot of work with all the previous Jing.