The C Flute
This is the normal flute. The one shown is a Geminhardt 3SB, with a low B key and open holes. It is the model I own, and I love it!! This is what is usually played in bands and orchestras. Most C flutes have 2 keys on the foot joint, which allows the player to go down to a low C. Other flutes have 3 keys on the foot, which allows them to play a low B.
The Piccolo
Isn't the piccolo cute?? It's like a small flute. The fingerings are the same, but the piccolo sounds an octave higher. It is very shrill, and can be heard over a full band playing very loud. I personally think it is a lot of fun to play, though learning to play in tune is difficult.
The Alto Flute
The alto flute is a big, and low flute. It is very difficult, in my opinion to play, but it has a very pretty sound. Alto and bass flutes (not pictured) are not used often in bands or orchestras, mainly in flute choirs. Although the alto flute must transpose from C flute music, the Bass Flute is one octave lower than C.
