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When you first log into linux you'll endup at a promt like this [root@linux]/#. This page contains a list of basic commands you can use once you get to this prompt.
halt - Shuts down the computer.
reboot - Restarts the machine.
ls - list all the files and directories in the current folder. Like the dir command in DOS.
logout - logout so another user can logon.
startx - starts xwindows and brings you to a Graphical user interface.
mc - Starts Midnight Comander a file manager.