Kingdom FUNGI
Fungi
I. How fungi reproduce
A. Asexually and sexually
1. Asexually- formed by mitosis with haploid spores.
2. Only use sexual reproduction in times of hardship.
3. Use cytoplasmic fusion.
4. Nucleus join, but do not fuse, stay inside hyphae segment.
5. The hyphae is called dikaryotic.
6. Mycelim is called dikaryotic mycelim.
B. Spores carried by air/water.
C. New hyphae gave rise to new fungus.
II. Multicellular fungus (4 phylum)
A. Zygomycota- haploid nuclei form diploid zygote (sexual)
665 species of bread molds
1. live in soil
2. sexual structure are called zygosporangia
3. haploid spores produced in sporangia
4. when mature, spores are carried by the wind
B. Ascomycota- form asexual spores; sexual spores form in acsi; dikaryons; hyphae divided by septa.
30,000 species morels, truffles, yeasts, cup fungi
C. Basidiomycota- formation of sexual spores in basidia; dikaryons; hyphae divided by septa.
Mushroom- parasitic (smuts, rust) affects crops
D. Deuteromycota- 17,000 fungi. Fungi Imperfecti; ringworm; A-foot; reproduce asexual
*Symbiotic relationship-both parties benefit from relationship.
III. Lichens
A. A combiation of a fungus and a photosynthetic partner such as a cyanobacteria or green algae.
1. fungus- protects, provides minerals, hyphae provide shell.
2. Photosynthetic partner- provides food.
*lichens can be found all over the world from the Antarctic to the equator.
*can be thousands of years old (Mt. Tops)
*nitrogen fixing
IV. Lichens are a pollution indicator- sensitive because they absorb substances in dew and rain SO2 destroys chlorophyll.
Scientists use them to see how much pollution is in the environment.
V. Mycorrhizae
A. Another symbiotic relationship
B. Fungus live in roots of plants; provide photophores and other minerals to plant.
C. Plant provides carbohydrate to fungus
D. Some fungus actually penetrate the roots, some do not, they do this from exchange of materials.
E. Plants that are affected: pines, oaks, birches, willows
Useful Links:
Fungi Homework
The Rotten Fungi Test
Great Fungi page for identification and information!
|
|
