Sovereigns of European Empires and Independent Kingdoms, 1885

Austria-Hungary	Emperor Franz Joseph I	1830	1848
Belgium		King Leopold II		1835	1865
Denmark		King Christian IX	1818	1863
Germany		Emperor Wilhelm I	1797	1861 (1871)
Greece		King George I		1845	1863
Italy		King Umberto I		1844	1878
Netherlands	King Willem III		1817	1849
Portugal	King Luiz I		1838	1861
Romania		King Carol I		1839	1866 (1881)
Russia		Emperor Alexander III	1845	1881
Serbia		King Milan IV		1854	1868 (1882)
Spain		King Alfonso XII	1857	1874
Sweden & Norway	King Oscar II		1829	1872
United Kingdom	Queen Victoria		1819	1837

1871
Fixed-date lists
European Sovereigns
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