scientists.cjb.com

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Scientists

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Scientists

Color key for scientists.cjb.com
Biologists	Physicists	Engineers and Inventors	Chemists	Astronomers
Mathematician	Psychologists	Medical Professionals	Computer Scientists	Philosophers

Scientist pages under biography.cjb.com(Mostly computer scientists and psychologists so far)
Computer Scientists
Jean Martin Charcot		Paris	FR			11/29/1825-8/16/1893
Thomas Edison		Milan	OH			2/11/1847-10/18/1931
Alexander Graham Bell		Edinburgh	GB			3/3/1847-8/2/1922
Sigmund Freud		Pribor	CS			5/6/1856-1939
Carl Gustav Jung		Kesswil	CH			7/26/1875-1903-1961
Albert Einstein		Ulm	DE			3/14/1879-4/18/1955
Otto Rank		Vienna	AT			4/22/1884-10/31/1939
Karen Danielsen Horney		Hamburg	DE			1885-12/4/1952
Roger Wolcott Sperry		Hartford	CT	06101*		1913-1994
Edward William Stadick		Chicago	IL			7/2/1932-1/1/2001
M. Scott Peck		New York	NY			5/22/1936-1959-
George Lucas		Modesto	CA			5/14/1944
Bjarne Stroustrup(C++)		Aarhus	Denmark			1950
Phil McGraw			OK			9/1/1950-1976-
John K. Ousterhout(Tcl/Tk)						~1953
Carl Sassenrath(Rebol)		Eureka?	CA?			~1958
Guido van Rossum(Python)			NL			~1960
Edward Mark Stadick(biographies.cjb.com)		Oak Park	IL			10/3/1960
Linus Torvalds(Linux)		Helsinki	FI			12/28/1969
Brian Behlendorf(Apache)
Rob Malda(Slashdot)						~1976
Shawn Fanning(Napster)		Brockton?	MA?	02403		1981?
Patrick Volkerding(Slackware)
Joe Austin(Miva)
?(TCP/IP)
?(SS7)
?(JUNOS)
?(Curl)
?(WDM)
?(SGML)
?(REXX)
?(LAMP)

Other scientist pages
Albertus Magnus		Lauingen	DE			1193-1280		theologian, philosopher; established medieval Christian study of natural science.
Albertus Magnus			DE			1193-1280
Nicholas Copernicus		Torun	PL			2/19/1473-5/24/1543		astronomer who first described solar system, with Earth as one of planets revolving around sun.
Nicholas Copernicus			PL			2/19/1473-5/24/1543
Galileo Galilei		Pisa	IT			2/15/1564-1/8/1642		astronomer, physicist; a founder of the experimental method.
Johannes Kepler		Weil-der-Stadt	DE			1571-1630		astronomer; discovered important laws of planetary motion.
William Harvey		Folkestone, Kent, SE	Eng.			1578-1657		physician, anatomist; discovered circulation of the blood.
Pierre de Fermat		Beaumont-de-Lomagne	FR			1601-1665		mathematician; founded modern theory of numbers and calculus of probabilities.
Johannes Kepler			DE			1571-1630
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek		Delft	NL			1632-1723		microscopist; father of microbiology.
Galileo Galilei			IT			2/15/1564-1/8/1642
Isaac Newton		Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire	Eng.			1/4/1643-1727		natural philosopher, mathematician; discovered law of gravitation, laws of motion.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz		Leipzig	DE			1646-1716		mathematician; developed theories of differential and integral calculus.
Edmond Halley		London	GB			1656-1742		astronomer; calculated the orbits of many planets.
William Harvey			Eng.			1578-1657
Pierre de Fermat			FR			1601-1665
Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit		Gda\'nsk	PL			1686-1736		physicist; introduced Fahrenheit scale for thermometers.
Daniel Bernoulli		Groningen	NL			1700-1782		mathematician; advanced kinetic theory of gases and fluids.
Leonhard Euler		Basel	CH			1707-1783		mathematician, physicist; authored first calculus book.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz			DE			1646-1716
Anton van Leeuwenhoek			NL			1632-1723
Isaac Newton			Eng.			1642-1727
Henry Cavendish		Nice	FR			1731-1810		chemist, physicist; discovered hydrogen.
Benjamin Banneker	near	Baltimore	MD	21203*		1731-10/1806		Scientist Banneker had published an almanac with his own calculations for tides and weather but still there was doubt that a black man could achieve so much.
Joseph Priestley		Fieldhead, West Yorkshire	GB			1733-1804		chemist; one of the discoverers of oxygen.
Franz Anton Mesmer		Lake Constance	AT			1734-1815		physician; developed theory of animal magnetism.
Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit			DE			1686-1736
Joseph Louis Lagrange		Turin	IT			1736-1813		geometer, astronomer; number theorist, analytical and celestial mechanics.
James E. Watt		Greenock, Inverclyde, Scotland	GB			1736-1819		mechanical engineer, inventor; invented modern steam-condensing engine.
Luigi Galvani		Bologna	IT			1737-98		physician, physicist; known as founder of galvanism.
William Herschel		Hanover	DE			1738-1822		astronomer; discovered Uranus.
Edmond Halley			GB			1656-1742
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier		Paris	FR			1743-1794		chemist; founder of modern chemistry.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck		Bazentin	FR			1744-1829		naturalist; forerunner of Darwin in evolutionary theory.
Alessandro Volta		Como	IT			1745-1827		physicist; pioneer in electricity.
Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu		Lyon	FR			4/12/1748-9/17/1836		botanist
Pierre Simon Laplace		Beaumont-en-Auge	FR			1749-1827		astronomer, physicist; put forth nebular hypothesis of origin of solar system.
Edward Jenner		Berkeley, Gloucestershire	GB			1749-1823		physician; discovered vaccination.
James Hall		Dunglass, East Lothian, E Scotland	GB			1761-1832		geologist, chemist; founded experimental geology, geochemistry.
Eli Whitney		Westborough	MA	01581		1765-1/8/1825		Inventor of the cotton gin(1793) and a system of manufacturing interchangable gun parts.
Robert Fulton		Lancaster County	PA	17604*		1765-2/24/1815		Engineer, inventor, painter; developer of first commercially successful steamboat.
John Dalton		Eaglesfield, Cumbria	GB			1766-1844		chemist, physicist; formulated atomic theory, made first table of atomic weights.
Jean B. J. Fourier		Auxerre	FR			1768-1830		mathematician; discovered theorem governing periodic oscillation.
Alexander von Humboldt		Berlin	DE			1769-1859		explorer, naturalist, earth scientist; originated ecology, geophysics.
Andr\'e Marie Amp\`ere		Lyon	FR			1775-1836		scientist known for contributions to electrodynamics.
Amedeo Avogadro		Turin	IT			1776-1856		chemist, physicist; advanced important theories on properties of gases.
Carl Friedrich Gauss		Brunswick	DE			1777-1855		mathematician, astronomer, physicist.
Joseph Gay-Lussac		St L\'eonard	FR			1778-1850		chemist, physicist; investigated behavior of gases, discovered law of combining volumes.
Humphry Davy		Penzance, Cornwall, SW England	GB			1778-1829		chemist; research in electrochemistry led to isolation of potassium, sodium, calcium, barium, boron, magnesium, and strontium.
J\:ons Jakob Berzelius		Link\:oping	SE			1779-1848		chemist; developed modern chemical symbols and formulas.
Daniel Bernoulli			CH			1700-82
Leonhard Euler			CH			1707-83
Antoine C\'esar Becquerel		Ch\'atillon-sur-Loing	FR			3/8/1788-1/18/1878		physicist; pioneer in electrochemical science.
Michael Faraday		Newington, Surrey	GB			9/22/1791-8/25/1867		chemist, physicist; known for work in field of electricity.
Samuel Finley Breese Morse		Charlestown	MA	02129		1791-4/2/1872		Developer of the electromagnetic recording telegraph(1840) and "Morse code."
Antoine Lavoisier			FR			1743-94
Luigi Galvani			IT			1737-98
Charles Goodyear			US			12/29/1800-7/1/1860		His efforts to discover a means of destroying the adhesive properties of rubber culminated in the vulcanization process(1839), which gives rubber elasticity and strength and allowed its use in the automotive industry.
Christian Johann Doppler		Salzburg	AT			1803-1853		physicist; showed change in energy wavelengths caused by motion, Doppler effect.
Justus von Liebig		Darmstadt	DE			1803-1873		chemist; established quantitative organic chemical analysis.
Richard Owen		Lancaster	GB			1804-1892		the principal founder of London's Natural History Museum
Joseph Priestley			GB			1733-1804
Benjamin Banneker	Westchester Grade School Grounds	Oella	MD			1731-10/1806
Jean Louis Rodolphe (Louis) Agassiz		Motier-en-Vuly	CH			1807-12/14/1873		Naturalist, discovered that much of North America had once been covered by glaciers.
Charles Robert Darwin		Shrewsbury	GB			2/12/1809-4/19/1882		naturalist; established theory of organic evolution; Origin of Species 1959.
Cyrus H. McCormick			US			1809-5/13/1884		Inventor of the first modern reaper(1834) and many other farm machines.
Henry Cavendish			GB			1731-1810
Robert Bunsen			DE			3/30/1811-8/16/1899		chemist; invented Bunsen burner.
Joseph Lagrange			FR			1736-1813
Sir Henry Bessemer		Charlton, Hertfordshire	GB			1813-98		engineer; invented Bessemer steel-making process.
Samuel Colt		Hartford	CT	06101*		7/19/1814-1/20/1862		Inventor of the revolving breech pistol(1835-1836)
Franz Mesmer			DE			1734-1815
Sir William Jenner		Chatham	GB			1/30/1815-12/11/1898		physician, pathological anatomist.
Robert Fulton	Trinity Churchyard	New York	NY			1765-2/24/1815
James Prescott Joule			GB			12/24/1818-10/11/1889		physicist; determined relationship between heat and mechanical energy (conservation of energy).
Angelo Secchi		Reggio in Emilia	IT			6/18/1818-2/26/1878		astronomer; pioneer in classifying stars by their spectra.
Maria Mitchell		Nantucket	MA	02554*		8/1/1818-6/28/1889		Astronomer, first woman to be elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
James E. Watt			GB			1736-1819
Elias Howe			US			7/9/1819-10/3/1867		Inventor of the first practical sewing maching(1844).
Hermann von Helmholtz			DE			1821-94		physicist, anatomist, physiologist.
Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow			DE			10/13/1821-9/5/1902		pathologist; a founder of cellular pathology.
Gregor J. Mendel			AT			1822-84		botanist; known for his experimental work on heredity. in 1860s in monastery in Brno in what is now the Czech Republic
Louis Pasteur		Dole, Jura	FR			12/27/1822-9/28/1895		chemist; originated process of pasteurization.
William Herschel			GB			1738-1822
Edward Jenner			GB			1749-1823
Alfred Russell Wallace		Usk, Monmouthshire	GB			1/8/1823-11/7/1913		naturalist; proposed concept of evolution similar to Darwin.
William Thomson Kelvin		Belfast, Ireland	GB			6/26/1824-12/17/1907		mathematician, physicist; known for work on heat and electricity.
Jean M. Charcot			FR			1825-1893		neurologist known for work on hysteria, hypnotism, sclerosis.
Eli Whitney	Grove Street Cemetery	New Haven	CT			1765-1/8/1825
Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann		Breselenz, Hanover	DE			9/17/1826-6/20/1866		mathematician; contributed to development of calculus and mathematical physics.
Pierre S. Laplace			FR			1749-1827
Joseph Lister			GB			5/5/1827-2/10/1912		pioneered antiseptic surgery.
Alessandro Volta			IT			1745-1827
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck			FR			1744-1829
Humphry Davy			GB			1778-1829
Jean B. J. Fourier			FR			1768-1830
James Clerk Maxwell		Edinburgh, Scotland	GB			6/13/1831-11/5/1879		physicist; known especially for his work in electricity and magnetism.
George M. Pullman			US			3/3/1831-10/19/1897		the inventor of the sleeping car
Sir William Crookes			GB			6/17/1832-4/4/1919		physicist, chemist; discovered thallium, invented a cathode-ray tube, radiometer.
James Hall			GB			1761-1832
Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel			DE			2/16/1834-1919		zoologist, evolutionist; a strong proponent of Darwin.
Gottlieb Daimler			DE			3/17/1834-3/6/1900		engineer, inventor; pioneer automobile manufacturer.
Giovanni Schiaparelli			IT			3/14/1835-7/4/1910		astronomer; hypothesized canals on the surface of Mars.
Andre-Marie Amphre			FR			1775-1836
Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu			FR			1748-1836
John Burroughs			US			1837-3/29/1921
Ferdinand von Zeppelin		Konstanz, Baden-W\:urttemberg	DE			4/8/1838-3/8/1917		soldier, aeronaut, airship designer.
Cleveland Abbe		New York	NY	10001*		12/3/1838-10/28/1916		First official daily weather forecaster in the U.S.; called "Old Prob" because of his issuance of three weather probabilities a day.
John Muir		Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland	GB			4/21/1838-12/24/1914		he was devoted to the wilderness of America.
Josiah Willard Gibbs		New Haven	CT	06511*		2/11/1839-4/28/1903		theoretical physicist, chemist; founded chemical thermodynamics.
Camille Flammarion			FR			2/26/1842-6/3/1925		astronomer; popularized study of astronomy.
John Dalton			GB			1766-1844
Wilhelm Roentgen		Lennep	DE			3/27/1845-2/10/1923		physicist; discovered the X ray.
Galileo Ferraris		Livorno Vercellese, Sardinia	IT			10/31/1847-2/7/1897		physicist; electrical engineer, discovered principle of rotary magnetic field.
Alexander Graham Bell		Edinburgh, Scotland	GB			3/3/1847-8/2/1922		inventor; first to patent and commercially exploit the telephone, 1876.
Thomas A. Edison		Milan	OH	44846		2/11/1847-10/18/1931		inventor; held more than 1,000 patents, including incandescent electric lamp.
Jvns Jakob Berzelius			SE			1779-1848
Luther Burbank			US			1849-4/11/1926		plant breeder whose work developed plant breeding into a modern science.
Joseph Gay-Lussac			FR			1778-1850
Walter S. Reed			US			9/13/1851-11/23/1902		army pathologist, bacteriologist; proved mosquitoes transmit cyan fever.
Antoine Henri Becquerel		Paris	FR			12/15/1852-8/25/1908		physicist; discovered radioactivity in uranium.
Albert Abraham Michelson		Strzelno	PL			12/19/1852-5/9/1931		physicist; established speed of light as a fundamental constant.
Christian Doppler			AT			1803-53
Wilhelm Ostwald		Riga	Latvia			9/2/1853-4/3/1932		physical chemist, philosopher; primary founder of physical chemistry.
Paul Ehrlich		Strehlen, Upper Silesia	DE			3/14/1854-8/20/1915		bacteriologist; pioneer in modern immunology and bacteriology.
Jules Henri Poincar\'e		Nancy	FR			4/29/1854-7/17/1912		mathematician, physicist; influenced cosmology, relativity, and topology.
William C. Gorgas		Toulminville	AL	36601*		10/3/1854-7/3/1920		sanitarian, U.S. army surgeon-general; his work to prevent cyan fever, malaria helped ensure construction of Panama Canal.
Ottmar Mergenthaler		Hachtel, W\:urttenberg	DE			5/10/1854-10/28/1899		Patented the Linotype machine in 1884.
Carl Friedrich Gauss			DE			1777-1855
Percival Lowell		Boston?	MA?	02205*		3/13/1855-11/13/1916		astronomer; predicted the existence of Pluto.
Sigmund Freud		Pribor	CS			5/6/1856-1939		psychiatrist; founder of psychoanalysis.
Amedeo Avogadro			IT			1776-1856
Nikola Tesla			Serbia			7/10/1856-1/7/1943		electrical engineer; contributed to most developments in electronics.
Heinrich Hertz		Hamburg	DE			2/22/1857-1/1/1894		physicist; his discoveries led to wireless telegraphy.
Max Planck		Kiel	DE			4/23/1858-10/4/1947		physicist; originated and developed quantum theory.
Rudolf Diesel			DE			3/18/1858-9/30/1913		mechanical engineer; patented Diesel engine.
George Washington Goethals		Brooklyn	NY	10001*		6/29/1858-1/21/1928		army engineer; built the Panama Canal.
Alexander von Humboldt			DE			1769-1859
Pierre Curie			FR			5/15/1859-4/19/1906		physical chemist known for work, with his wife Marie, on radioactivity.
George Washington Carver		Diamond Grove	MO			1/1/1860-1/5/1943		botanist, chemist, and educator.
Elmer Ambrose Sperry		Cortland	NY	13045		10/12/1860-6/16/1930		Developer of the gyroscopic compass(1896-1910) and four hundred other inventions.
Charles Goodyear	Grove Street Cemetery	New Haven	CT			1800-7/1/1860
William J. Mayo			US			1861-7/28/1939		Physician, with brother founded the Mayo Clinic, which became the medical mecca of the world.
David Hilbert		Kaliningrad	SU			1/23/1862-2/14/1943		mathematician; formulated 1st satisfactory set of axioms for modern Euclidean geometry.
Auguste Lumie\`re		Besan\,con	FR			1862-1954		invented cinematograph.
Samuel Colt	Cedar Hill Cemetery	Hartford	CT			1814-1/9/1862
Louis Lumihre			FR			1864-1984		invented cinematograph.
Charles Horace Mayo			US			1865-5/26/1939		Physician, with brother founded the Mayo Clinic, which became the medical mecca of the world.
Charles Proteus Steinmetz		Breslau, Silesia	DE			1865-1923		electrical engineer; developed basic ideas on alternating current systems.
Bernhard Riemann			DE			1826-66
August von Wasserman			DE			1866-1925		bacteriologist; discovered reaction used as test for syphilis.
Thomas Hunt Morgan		Lexington	KY	40507*		1866-1945		geneticist, embryologist; established chromosome theory of heredity.
Michael Faraday			GB			1791-1867
Wilbur Wright			US			4/16/1867-5/30/1912		Inventor with brother of the first practical flying machine(1905).
Marie Curie		Warsaw	PL			11/7/1867-7/4/1934		physical chemist known for work on radium and its compounds.
Elias Howe	Green-Wood Cemetery	Brooklyn	NY			1819-10/3/1867
Robert Andrews Millikan			US			3/22/1868-12/19/1953		physicist; studied elementary electronic charge and photoelectric effect.
Ernest Rutherford		Nelson	NZ			8/30/1871-10/19/1937		physicist; discovered the atomic nucleus.
Orville Wright			US			4/16/1871-1/30/1948		Inventor with brother of the first practical flying machine(1905).
Louis Bl\'eriot		Cambrai, Nord	FR			7/1/1872-8/2/1936		engineer; pioneer aviator, invented and constructed monoplanes.
Bertrand Russell			GB			5/18/1872-2/2/1970		logician, philosopher; one of the founders of modern logic.
Samuel F.B. Morse	Green-Wood Cemetery	Brooklyn	NY			1791-4/2/1872
Justus von Liebig			DE			1803-73
Alexis Carrel		Lyon	FR			6/28/1873-11/5/1944		surgeon, biologist; developed methods of suturing blood vessels and transplanting organs.
Lee De Forest			IA			8/26/1873-6/30/1961		inventor; pioneer in development of wireless telegraphy, sound pictures, television.
Louis Agassiz	Mount Auburn Cemetery	Cambridge	MA			1807-12/14/1873
Guglielmo Marconi		Bologna	IT			4/25/1874-7/20/1937		physicist; known for his development of wireless telegraphy.
						After 1874

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