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Menuju halaman depan OHOL YAOHUSHUA di INDONESIA
Kitab 'Perjanjian Baru' Ibrani yang Asli
- Terjemahan kedalam bahasa Indonesia - Kesaksian oleh NORMAN WILLIS.

Selamat menikmati tulisan provokatif ini! - pesan dari (sumber forward) PATTI CERNI CERNIGLIA; BatSimcha@juno.com.

Apakah dahulu Perjanjian "Baru" aslinya ditulis dalam bahasa Gerika atau bahasa Ibrani?
OLEH NORMAN WILLIS, GURU DAN ANGGAUTA "THE UNION OF TWO HOUSE MESSIANIC CONGREGATIONS".

Sebagai remaja Kristen saya diajar bahwa Yahshua haMashiach ("Jesus the Messiah", "Yesus, Mesias") telah datang dan mengajar dengan ajaran yang jauh dari Torah Moshe (Taurat Musa), begitu juga apa yang Dia lakukan juga jauh dari orang-orang Yahudi dan juga jauh dari Israel sebagai bangsa pilihan YHWH. Saya juga diajari bahwa sekarang bangsa pilihan YHWH adalah orang-orang "gentile" (non -Yahudi) yang berbahasa Gerika, dan salah satu tanda utama nya adalah "Perjanjian Baru" yang asli diwahyukan didalam bahasa Gerika, bukan dalam bahasa Ibrani. Kita tahu bahwa hal ini tidak benar.

Gereja berpendapat bahwa Tulisan-tulisan Nasrani (Nazarene Writings, atau sering disebut Brit Chadasha atau the "New" Testament atau Perjanjian "Baru") ditulis dalam bahasa Gerika. Gereja punya berbagai alasan, salah satunya yang paling menonjol adalah Sha'ul (Paulus) diberi missi untuk memberitakan Berita Sukacita kepada kaum gentile. Itu terjadi karena Sha'ul dapat berbicara bahasa Gerika, dan bahasa mayoritas didalam wilayah kerajaan Romawi adalah Gerika, dengan demikian Sha'ul harus menulis surat-suratnya dalam bahasa Gerika. Lama sekali saya telah mempercayai hal ini, sampai suatu ketika saya mulai memikirkannya. Kemudian banyak hal yang tidak dapat mendukung hal ini.

Pertama kali saya mulai meragukan bahwa Kitab-kitab Nasrani ditulis dalam bahasa Gerika setelah membaca Pendahuluan dari Kitab Suci versi ISR. Ada beberapa hal yang membuat saya heran. Misalnya, mengapa orang Ibrani harus menulis surat kepada orang-orang Ibrani dalam bahasa lain bukan bahasa Ibrani? Ini tidak masuk akal.

Begini maksud saya. Saya dilahirkan sebagai orang Amerika, bahasa sehari-hari atau bahasa nasional saya adalah bahasa Inggeris. Kalau saya menulis surat kepada sesama orang Amerika (dan juga orang lain diseluruh dunia yang dapat berbahasa Inggeris) saya akan menggunakan bahasa Inggeris. Sekalipun saya dapat berbahasa Jerman dan Spanyol. Dan meskipun di Amerika dan didunia ini banyak orang yang dapat berbahasa Jerman dan Spanyol, tetapi untuk berkirim surat kepada sesama orang Amerika saya tidak ragu-ragu memilih bahasa Inggeris karena merupakan bahasa nasional. Demikian juga bagi orang lain, dalam keadaan yang sama, untuk saling berkomunikasi akan menulis surat dalam bahasa yang sama-sama mereka mengerti.

Bahasanya orang-orang Yahudi adalah Ibrani, seperti sekarang ini. Dengan dasar ini sangat masuk akal kalau Sha'ul yang berbahasa Ibrani harus menulis surat seperti Kitab Ibrani kepada orang Yahudi yang juga berbahasa Ibrani, dan bukan dalam bahasa Gerika. Jadi kalau Kitab Ibrani adalah jelas diterjemahkan dari bahasa Ibrani kedalam bahasa Gerika, maka saya mulai bertanya-tanya didalam diri saya, apakah ada lagi Kitab-kitab Nasrani yang telah diterjemahkan dari bahasa Ibrani kedalam bahasa Gerika?

Dalam pelajaran saya lebih lanjut, saya ketahui bahwa bapa-bapa pendahulu gereja telah tahu bahwa Kitab Matius ditulis dalam bahasa Ibrani, bukan dalam bahasa Gerika. Saya memperoleh sebuah kopi Kitab Matius yang asli dalam bahasa Ibrani. Didalam kitab itu ada beberapa pernyataan dari bapa-bapa pendahulu gereja seperti: Papias, Ireneus, Origen, Eusebius, Epiphanius, Jerome, dan Isho'dad, mereka semua mengatakan bahwa Kitab Matius pertama-tama ditulis dalam bahasa Ibrani, bukan dalam bahasa Gerika, dan sayapun memiliki satu kopi !

Jadi jelas bagi kita sekarang bahwa Kitab Matius dan Kitab Ibrani kedua-duanya ditulis dalam bahasa Ibrani, dan bukan bahasa Gerika. Yang menjadi pikiran saya kemudian adalah, jangan-jangan sebenarnya Kitab-kitab Ibrani ketika pertama kali ditulis dengan tangan adalah dalam bahasa Ibrani! Bukankah masih terbuka kemungkinan bahwa seluruh Kitab-kitab Perjanjian "Baru" yang pertama kali ditulis dalam bahasa Ibrani, dan bukan dalam bahasa Gerika? Apakah " Textus Receptus" dulunya merupakan hasil penerjemahan?

Selanjutnya saya memperoleh pengajaran dari seorang Israel Mesianik, Rabbi Edward Nydle yang menceritakan bahwa Sha'ul sebenarnya tidak diutus kepada "kaum gentile" seperti persepsi yang kita punyai umumnya tentang "kaum gentile", tetapi diutus kepada "kaum gentile" menurut pandangan Kitab Suci yaitu kaum keturunan darah dari Sepuluh-Suku-Yang-Hilang! Saya pelajari bahwa para rabbi orthodok telah menetapkan didalam Kitab Talmud Babylonian bahwa kesepuluh suku itu tidak lagi disebut bangsa Israel, tetapi disebut "kaum gentile" karena mereka tidak patuh menjalankan Torah, dan tidak lagi tinggal di Bumi (Israel). Demikianlah maka para rabbi orthodox tersebut menyebut mereka " kaum gentile" sampai sekarang.

Kemudian saya mengetahui juga bahwa yang dimaksud dengan "orang-orang Gerika" menurut Kitab Suci bukanlah orang-orang asli Gerika yang memuja Nike-dan-Zeus seperti yang umumnya kita pikirkan, tetapi adalah orang-orang Yahudi yang telah menerima pengaruh Hellenisasi! Kata "orang-orang Gerika" berarti "orang-orang Yahudi yang dibesarkan didalam budaya Gerika". Ini berarti bahwa ketika Sha'ul diutus kepada "orang-orang Gerika" , dia tidak diutus kepada para pemuja berhala tetapi diutus kepada orang-orang keturunan Yakub (Israel) yang telah hilang dan terpencar-pencar diantara bangsa-bangsa lain di Diaspora (disekitar Israel) dan yang terpencar ketika jaman pembuangan Babylonia!

Ketika saya mengamati Kitab Para Rasul, salah satu surat orang-orang Israel Nasrani, saya melihat satu keganjilan. Sha'ul selain ketika pergi ke Bukit Mars, setiap hari Sabbath selalu pergi ke synagogue untuk mengajar "kaum gentile" dan "orang-orang Gerika". Tetapi apakah "kaum gentile" asli dan "orang-orang Gerika" asli pergi ke synagogue pada hari Sabbath? Tidak! Hanya orang-orang Israel dan Yahudi yang terHellenisasi yang pergi ke synagogue pada hari Sabbath!

Orang-orang "gentile" dan "Gerika" yang kita maksud dikunjungi oleh Sha'ul sebenarnya terdiri dari orang-orang Israel Diaspora dari Kerajaan Israel Utara (Sepuluh Suku Yang Terhilang), orang-orang Yahudi yang terpengaruh oleh Hellenisasi di Diaspora dan orang - orang Buangan Kerajaan Babylonia. Mereka ini tidak sama dengan pendapat yang membudaya dari ajaran Kristen yang mengira bahwa mereka adalah benar-benar orang-orang Gentile dan orang Gerika sesungguhnya.

Cerita Gerika-gentile ini yang saya telan bulat-bulat ketika saya masih anak - anak, tidak dapat begitu saja berlalu tanpa pemerikasaan silang dengan kenyataan yang ada. Disamping cerita itu ada lagi yaitu ajaran yang mengatakan bahwa "Perjanjian Baru" aslinya ditulis dalam bahasa Gerika. Ada beberapa hal yang perlu ditinjau yaitu sebagai berikut:

Seandainya anda adalah Sha'ul, menulis surat kepada orang-orang yang berkumpul di synagogue pada hari Sabbath, bahasa apa yang akan anda pakai? Renungkanlah.

Coba saja kunjungi semua synagogue diseluruh dunia, maka orang - orang Yahudi yang berkumpul disana akan berbicara dengan bahasa Ibrani. Tidak perduli di negara mana mereka berada, pasti akan anda dapati mereka menggunakan bahasa Ibrani. Apakah mereka berada di India, Rusia, Czechoslovakia atau dimana saja : semua orang Yahudi dimuka bumi ini kalau didalam synagogue selalu menggunakan bahasa Ibrani. Jadi yang paling masuk akal adalah Sha'ul ketika menulis surat - suratnya keberbagai synagogue diberbagai wilayah Kerajaan Roma dan Gerika memakai bahasa Ibrani!

Baiklah, andaikan sekarang saya terima anggapan bahwa ada kemungkinan diantara surat - surat Sha'ul ada beberapa surat yang ditulis dalam bahasa Gerika. Kita tidak tahu. Mungkin saja Sha'ul, ketika menjadi murid yang dipilih YHWH, pertama-tama menulis surat-suratnya dalam bahasa Ibrani dahulu, kemudian dalam waktu yang sama membuat kopinya yang diterjemahkan kedalam bahasa Gerika. Bahkan mungkin dia juga mengirim surat - suratnya dalam bahasa Latin kepada jemaat di Roma (triplikat?), karena kita diberitahu bahwa Sha'ul dapat berbicara dalam bahasa Ibrani, Gerika dan Latin. Kita tidak tahu apa yang telah dia perbuat.

Kejadian yang paling mungkin paling tidak Kitab Ibrani pertama kali ditulis dalam bahasa Ibrani, begitu juga Kitab Matius karena ada faktanya aslinya ditulis dalam bahasa Ibrani. Kedua buku itu aslinya ditulis dalam bahasa Ibrani baru kemudian diterjemahkan kedalam bahasa Gerika, supaya mudah dibaca oleh banyak orang yang kebanyakan berbahasa Gerika. Jika ada dua kitab yang aslinya ditulis dalam bahasa Ibrani dan baru kemudian diterjemahkan kedalam bahasa Gerika, (walau kita selalu diajari bahwa kedua kitab itu ditulis dalam bahasa Gerika) lalu masih ada berapa kitab lagi dari antara Ketuvim Netzarim (Tulisan Nasrani) yang sama kejadiannya seperti itu, ditulis dalam bahasa Ibrani baru kemudian diterjemahkan kedalam bahasa Gerika?

Masih ada lagi. Didalam catatan yang terdapat dalam terjemahan Kitab Suci oleh "the Institute for Scripture Research" dinyatakan ada beberapa hal yang ditulis didalam Kitab Wahyu juga ditulis didalam Kitab Ibrani. Wahyu 19:16 mengatakan bahwa Yahshua akan kembali dengan gelar "RAJA SEGALA RAJA DAN TUAN SEGALA TUAN," yang tertulis dipahanya. Sebenarnya maksudnya tidak demikian. Tetapi kata "paha" seharusnya "panji".

Yang jadi masalah kalau dipakai kata "paha" maka gelar itu ditulis dipaha Yahshua, jadi itu berupa tatto, padahal Imamat 19:18 melarang kita membuat tatto ditubuh kita. Sebaliknya kita percaya bahwa Yahshua tidak akan pernah membuat tatto, karena Yahshua tidak akan melanggar Torah, sebab seperti telah Dia katakan didalam khotbahNya di bukit bahwa Dia datang tidak untuk meniadakan Torah ataupun tidak menjalankan Torah. (Matius 5:17:20).

Kita tahu bahwa dosa adalah pelanggaran Hukum (1 Yoh 3:4), jadi kalau Yahshua mempunyai tatto dipahanya, maka Dia melanggar Hukum, artinya Dia berdosa. Kita tahu bahwa itu tidak mungkin karena Yahshua tidak berdosa.

Lebih dari itu, kita tahu bahwa orang yang pahanya kelihatan sama dengan telanjang menurut pandangan Ibrani (Markus 14:51 dan Shemot/Keluaran 28:42), dan kita yakin bahwa Yahshua tidak akan datang dengan pakaian model mini, karena Dia adalah teladan kita. Dia akan menyingkap jubahnya diatas paha kalau dalam keadaan perang.

Jadi akan lebih bermakna kalau Kitab Wahyu aslinya ditulis dalam bahasa Ibrani. Ada satu huruf Ibrani yang menyatakan bunyi "d" (yaitu huruf "dalet"), mempunyai satu coretan kecil dikakinya, dilain pihak ada huruf yang hampir serupa dengannya yang menyatakan bunyi "r" (disebut "resh") tetapi tidak mempunyai coretan ini. Penerjemah akan dengan mudah keliru membacanya, khususnya bila gulungan itu sudah lusuh-rusak, tua, atau karena penerjemah tidak tahu betul-betul bahasa Ibrani. Demikian juga para penerjemah Katolik Konstantin akan dengan mudah keliru membaca dalet menjadi resh.

Seandainya penyalin Kitab Wahyu menerjemahkan dari bahasa Ibrani (mungkin bahasa Aram) kedalam bahasa Gerika salah baca "d" menjadi "r", maka kata "dagel" (panji) menjadi "ragel" (paha), maka jadilah Yahshua melanggar Torah, mempunyai tatto pada pahaNya yang terbuka. Karena Yahshua mengatakan Torah tidak akan berlalu sampai langit dan bumi berlalu maka hal yang demikian itu tidak mungkin terjadi. Karena kalau hal itu terjadi berarti Yahshua berdosa, berpakaian mini dengan paha telanjang!

Jika anda percaya bahwa Yahshua datang kedunia tidak untuk meniadakan Hukum, sebaliknya menunjukkan kepada kita betapa besar manfaatnya bila melakukannya, maka penampilan Yahshua yang lari kesana kemari dengan paha ditatto jadi tampak menggelikan. Dilain pihak penyalin Katholik Roma yang menerjemahkan kedalam bahasa Gerika tidak sadar melakukan kesalahan, karena Katolik mengajarkan bahwa Yahshua telah meninggalkan Hukum.

Maka sekali lagi kita harus bertanya: "Seandainya Kitab Matius, Ibrani dan Wahyu aslinya ditulis dalam bahasa Ibrani, dan orang-orang yang berkumpul didalam synagogue yang harus dijumpai Sha'ul adalah orang-orang Ibrani, yang mungkin menggunakan bahasa Ibrani, berapa banyakkah Tulisan - tulisan Nasrani yang aslinya ditulis dalam bahasa Ibrani? Apakah semuanya ditulis dalam bahasa Ibrani?" Apakah kita juga pernah diberitahu bahwa Brit Chadasha aslinya ditulis tangan dalam bahasa Gerika karena alasan politik seseorang?

Selanjutnya saya mempelajari sesuatu yang dapat menyingkap keraguan bahwa Berita Sukacita aslinya ditulis dalam bahasa Ibrani. Moshe Koniuchowsky mengirimi berita semua orang yang ada didalam mailing listnya. Berita itu menyatakan ada bukti yang tak dapat dibantah bahwa keempat Berita Mulia ("Injil") aslinya pasti ditulis dalam bahasa Ibrani [atau mungkin dalam bahasa Aram, karena bahasa ini secara luas dipakai dimana Yahshua beserta murid-murid menjadi dewasa, disekitar Nazareth dan Galilea.]

Moshe menceritakan bahwa didalam kitab Talmud Babylonian, ada satu bagian yang menceritakan bahwa para rabbi orthodox membicarakan bagaimana cara memusnahkan Berita Mulia ("Injil"), yang mereka sebut "Gilyon". Istilah "Gilyon" ini sama dengan istilah yang dipakai didalam Kitab Peshitta dari Gereja Orthodox Timur, yaitu serangkai Kitab Suci yang aslinya ditulis dalam bahasa Aram, dan sampai sekarang tetap ditulis dalam bahasa Aram. [Mungkin saja bahasa-ibu Yahshua adalah Aram. Perbandingan bahasa Aram dengan bahasa Ibrani seperti Scottish dengan English. Dalam bahasa Aram ada tekanan kuat dan beberapa pengucapannya agak berbeda, tetapi orang-orang yang menggunakan salah satu bahasa itu tidak sulit untuk mengerti keduanya.]
Para rabbi Yahudi Orthodox dicatat didalam Talmud Babylonian pada Shabbat 116A (dan didalam Talmud Yerusalem pada Shabbat 15C, dan Tosefta, Shabbat 13:5) membicarakan bagaimana menangani sebaik-baiknya Kitab Torah yang tidak dapat lagi digunakan. Mereka membuat tata-cara yang teliti untuk memberhentikan tugas suatu gulungan karena mengandung Nama Pencipta, sampai-sampai mempertimbangkan bagaimana kalau ada lubang atau kekosongan karena tua atau kertas kulitnya retak.

Biasanya para Orthodox itu mengubur gulungan Torah yang tua seperti layaknya pemakaman orang terhormat yang meninggal dunia. Ini dipandang suatu cara yang terhormat untuk mengubur Torah yang tidak dapat dipakai lagi, walaupun gulungan itu sudah robek-robek, berlubang atau retak. Kebiasaan atau tradisi ini sampai sekarang masih terus dijalankan.

Kebanyakan mereka berpendapat bahwa tidak pantas membakar gulungan Torah, karena membakar dengan api adalah cara untuk memusnahkan suatu ajaran yang sesat, dan yang kotor. Para rabbi merasa memusnahkan Torah dengan membakarnya dirasakan tidak tepat karena menyamakan caranya dengan pemusnahan sesuatu yang kotor , sehingga tidak menghormati. Oleh karena itulah biasanya mereka mengubur gulungan yang rusak, berlubang, ada yang hilang tulisannya atau kosong, atau retak-retak karena menyusut. Intinya maksud mereka menghormati Torah YHWH.

Sementara persidangan berlanjut, ada satu rabbi yang memasalahkan suatu gulungan yang punya "ruang-kosong" didalamnya. Rabbi yang lain menanyakan apakah yang dia maksud adalah Torah atau gulungan yang lain. Dijawab oleh rabbi yang pertama, bukan, tetapi maksudnya adalah gulungan milik kaum Minim, kata lainnya adalah kaum "bidat" (menyimpang) Nasrani Israel. Maksudnya adalah Tulisan-tulisan Nasrani (atau Brit Chadasha/Perjanjian Baru).

Para Orthodox itu berusaha sekuat mungkin untuk menyingkirkan kaum Minim (Nasrani), dan juga memusnahkan semua tulisan-tulisan mereka (Brit Chadasha yang pertama-tama) agar orang - orang Yahudi yang lain tidak berbondong - bondong percaya kepada Yahshua. Didalam Talmud Babylonian pada Shabbat 116A para rabbi membicarakan bagaimana cara memusnahkan gulungan yang mereka pandang ajaran sesat, yang didalamnya juga tercantum Nama YHWH.

Satu rabbi didalam Talmud menuliskan bahwa gulungan itu harus dibakar. Rabbi yang lain menyanggah, bahwa dengan adanya Nama Pencipta didalamnya, tidak boleh dibakar. Rabbi yang lain lagi menyatakan bahwa gulungan kaum Minim (Nasrani) itu boleh dibakar dengan terlebih dahulu mengambil Nama Pencipta pada hari bukan Sabbath, jadi yang dibakar hanya gulungan yang sudah berlubang- lubang. Pendapat yang lain lagi mengatakan bahwa gulungan Minim itu termasuk ajaran yang menghujat maka harus dibakar langsung tanpa menghilangkan tulisan Nama Pencipta dahulu, karena itu ajaran yang sangat mereka benci.

Inti perdebatan antara para rabbi Orthodox itu adalah karena adanya Nama Pencipta YHWH yang ditulis dengan huruf Ibrani didalam tulisan - tulisan kaum Minim yang asli. Tulisan itu tidak sama dengan Textus Receptus (Tulisan yang Diterima) yang berbahasa Gerika yang dapat kita baca sekarang, dimana menggunakan istilah "Theos" dan "Kurios". Mengapa demikian? Karena kita baca di Talmud bahwa Tulisan-tulisan Nasrani mengandung tulisan YHWH didalamnya. Dan kita tahu bahwa Nama itu ditulis dengan huruf Ibrani (YHWH/YHVH), para rabbi Orthodox itu tidak akan repot-repot memperdebatkan gulungan dengan kata-kata Gerika "Theos" dan "Kurios". Mereka akan langsung membakar gulungan bertulisan Gerika tanpa banyak komentar. Jadi yang membuat ada pertentangan diantara mereka karena didalam gulungan itu ada Nama Pencipta yang ditulis dengan huruf Ibrani!

Ketika kanak - kanak saya diajar bahwa "God" ("Allah" dalam Alkitab-LAI, pen.) dan "Jesus" ("Yesus") adalah nama - nama yang benar dari Bapa surgawi YHWH, dan PuteraNya Yahshua. Namun ketika membaca buku - buku seperti "Fossilized Customs" dan "Come Out of Her, My People," saya menemukan bahwa istilah "God" diambil dari Nama yang dipakai oleh pemuja-pemuja Matahari Jerman, sedang istilah "Jesus" sangat serupa dan sangat mungkin adalah istilah turunan dari Zeus. Satan akan selalu berupaya memperdaya kita dengan memggunakan istilah - istilah itu untuk menghalangi kita memanggil Nama-nama sejati. Untuk menipu kita demikian dia selalu memberi kita dengan nama-nama pengganti.

Pengubahan Nama Yahshua yang tepat untuk aliran Anglikan adalah Joshua (Yoshua) anak laki-laki Joseph (Yusuf), seperti nama Joshua (Yoshua) anak laki - laki Nun. Ada persamaan arti kedua Nama itu yaitu "Penyelamatan oleh YHWH". Kedua Yoshua punya misi yang serupa, memimpin umatnya menuju Tanah Perjanjian. Mereka berdua sama-sama menyelamatkan umatnya. Namun, kita sebaliknya, tidak diajar memanggil nama "Joshua" ("Yoshua") tetapi Jesus (Yesus), yang punya kemungkinan adalah nama turunan dari nama Zeus.

Kita umat percaya telah diajar dengan banyak hal - hal yang palsu. Pertama kita diajar bahwa Torah tidak lagi penting. Kemudian kita diajar agar selamat, kita harus percaya, dipercik (baptis), datang ke rumah ibadah seminggu sekali, dan memberi banyak persembahan uang kepada pendeta.

Lalu, kita diajari menggunakan dan memanggil nama-nama yang biasa dipakai didalam penyembahan matahari ("God" dan "Jesus"), padahal kita tahu bahwa Lucifer ("Pembawa Terang") mengingini agar kita menyembah matahari. Kita diajar bahwa tidak ada Nama lain yang dapat menyelamatkan manusia (Kisah Para Rasul 4:12), tetapi kita diberitahu nama yang salah, satu nama yang boleh jadi turunan nama yang dipakai dalam pemujaan terhadap matahari!

Yahshua sendiri memberitahu kita bahwa kalau Dia datang dengan NamaNya sendiri (Yahshua atau Joshua), maka manusia tidak akan menerima Dia. Tetapi kalau ada yang datang (Lucifer atau Zeus) dengan memakai nama mereka sendiri, manusia akan mau menerima mereka (Yoh. 5:43). Sekarang kita tahu bahwa nama pengganti dari penyembahan matahari mungkin adalah tipu muslihat Lucifer, yang selalu melakukan kegiatannya dengan menipu. Kesalahan ini dimulai dengan mulainya kekuasaan Kaisar Romawi Kontantin dan Gereja Katholik Roma miliknya, dan sekarangpun terbawa oleh sistim hirarki (dan sesat) didalam gereja Protestan.

Makin banyak membaca dan belajar, saya makin yakin bahwa Kitab Suci diwahyukan pertamakali dalam bahasa Ibrani, atau mungkin dalam bahasa Aram, tapi yang pasti bukan dalam bahasa Gerika. Kita masih dapat menggunakan Kitab Gerika, sepanjang kita mengerti bahwa Mesias Yahshua berbicara dalam bahasa Ibrani atau Aram, bukan Gerika.

Sepanjang kita mengerti bahwa Yahshua datang bukan untuk mengganti Israel dan Torah, tetapi menunjukkan betapa bermanfaatnya menerapkan Torah agar kita berpeluang dibenarkan. Dia tidak datang untuk mengganti apa yang Dia sendiri turunkan kepada Musa di Padang Gurun, tetapi justeru untuk memperjelasnya. Dilain pihak, ketika Yahshua, Musa dan Eliyahu (Elia) berdiri diatas Bukit Zaitun, saling bercakap-cakap, mengapa Yahshua tidak menyalahkan mereka berdua telah mengajarkan sesuatu yang salah?

Dia tidak mencela Musa dan Eliyahu bahwa ajaran mereka salah karena Anak Manusia memang tidak datang untuk mengajar meninggalkan Torah, bahasa Ibrani dan bangsa Israel. Dia datang untuk menyelamatkan yang telah hilang.

Kasih dalam Tuan
Norman Willis

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Enjoy more of this thought provoking material!
PATTI CERNI CERNIGLIA - BatSimcha@juno.com.

Was the "New" Testament originally written in Greek, or in Hebrew?

BY NORMAN WILLIS, TEACHER AND MEMBER OF "THE UNION OF TWO HOUSE MESSIANIC CONGREGATIONS".
As a young Christian man I was taught that Yahshua haMashiach ("Jesus the Messiah") came to do away with the Torah of Moshe (Moses), and that He did away with the Jews and Israel as YHWH's chosen people. I was told that YHWH's people are now the Greek-speaking gentiles, and that one of the most telling indications of this was that the "New Testament" was originally inspired in Greek, and not in Hebrew. Yet today we know that this is not true.
The church argues that the Nazarene Writings (often called the Brit Chadasha or the "New" Testament) were written in Greek. They give a number of reasons for this, chief among which is that Sha'ul (Paul) was given the mission to take the Good News to the gentiles. Since Paul spoke Greek, and since the language of the majority of the Roman Empire was Greek, they say that it only makes sense that Sha'ul would have written his epistles in Greek. I believed that for a long time, until I actually started thinking about it. Then some thing did not add up.
I first began to doubt that the Nazarene Writings were written in Greek after reading the preface to the ISR Scriptures. I began to wonder about some things. For example, why would a Hebrew write to the Hebrews in any other language than Hebrew? It just does not make any sense.
I mean, think about it. I was born an American, and my native tongue is English. In directing this letter to the Americans (and other English-speaking peoples worldwide) I naturally chose English as the language of expression. Though I do speak German and Spanish, and although many people in America and around the world speak German and Spanish, in addressing a letter to the Americans I unhesitatingly chose English, which is the native tongue of the land. That is what anybody would do, given a similar situation, in trying to communicate with a people is to write to them in the language that they know.
The language of the Jews was Hebrew, as it is to this day. For this reason, it only seems logical that the Hebrew Sha'ul must have written the Book of Hebrews for the Hebrews in Hebrew, and not in Greek. So if the book of Hebrews had obviously been translated from Hebrew in to Greek, then I began to wonder how many of the other books of the Nazarene Writings had been translated out of the Hebrew and in to Greek?
As I continued to study, I learned that the Book of Matthew was acknowledged by the early church fathers to have been written in Hebrew, and not in Greek. I obtained a copy of the original Hebrew manuscript. In it were quotes by several of the early church fathers: Papias, Ireneus, Origen, Eusebius, Epiphanius, Jerome, and Isho'dad, all acknowledging that the Book of Matthew was originally written in Hebrew, and not in Greek, and I was holding a copy of it in my hands!
So now it seemed that the Book of Matthew and the Book of Hebrews had both been written in Hebrew, and not Greek. That being the case, I began to wonder what other books in the Nazarene Writings had been originally penned in Hebrew? Was it possible that the entire "New" Testament had originally been written in Hebrew, rather than Greek? Was the Textus Receptus a translation?
Then I learned from Messianic Israeli Rabbi Edward Nydle that Sha'ul had not actually been sent to the gentiles like we always think of gentiles, but that the "gentiles" of Scripture were in actual fact the physical blood-descendants of the Lost Ten Tribes! I learned that the orthodox rabbis had ruled in the Babylonian Talmud that they should no longer be called Israelites, but should be called "gentiles," because they no longer kept Torah, and no longer lived in the Land. Thus the Orthodox rabbis called them "gentiles," as it is to this day.
Then I learned that the "Greeks" of Scripture were not the Nike-and- Zeus worshipping pagan "Greeks" that we think of at all, but rather were Hellenized Jews! The word "Greeks" meant "Greek-speaking Jews who grew up in a Greek culture." This meant that when Sha'ul was ministering to the "Greeks," he was not ministering to pagans at all, but that he was ministering to the scattered and lost children of Jacob (Israel) who were still out in the nations from the Diaspora and the Babylonian Exile!
When I looked through the Book of the Acts of the Nazarene Israeli Apostles, I began to notice something funny. It seemed that except for the time that he went to Mars Hill, Sha'ul always went in to the synagogues, to preach to the "gentiles" and the "Greeks" on the Sabbath day. But would true "gentiles" and "Greeks" even have been in the synagogues on the Sabbath day? No! Only Israelites and Hellenized Jews would have been in the synagogues on the Sabbath!
The "gentiles" and "Greeks" that we have always been told that Sha'ul's was sent to minister to were in actual fact Diaspora Israelites of the Northern Kingdom of Israel (the Lost Ten Tribes), and the Hellenized Jews of the Diaspora and the Babylonian Exile, respectively. They are not the same as what we in Christian culture think of as Greeks and gentiles at all.
The Greek-gentile story I was fed as a child was not passing the reality-check, and neither was the story that the "New Testament" was originally written in Greek. Consider the following:
If you were Sha'ul, writing an epistle to the people who were in the synagogues on the Sabbath, what language would you write to them in? Think carefully.
Go to any synagogue anywhere in the world, and the Jews that you find there will all be speaking Hebrew. It makes no difference what country they are in; India, Russia, Czechoslovakia, or whatever: All Jews the world over, speak Hebrew in the synagogues. Thus what makes the most sense is that Sha'ul wrote his epistles to the synagogues throughout the Greek and Roman world in Hebrew!
Now I will grant you that it is possible that Sha'ul maybe wrote some of his epistles in Greek. We don't know. It is also possible that Sha'ul, being a learned man chosen of YHWH, perhaps wrote his epistles first in Hebrew, and then also copied them down in to Greek at the same time. Perhaps he even wrote to the assembly in Rome in Latin as well (triplicate?), since we are told that Sha'ul spoke Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. We don't know for sure what he did.
Yet it does seem likely that at least the Book of Hebrews was written in Hebrew, and we know for a fact that the Book of Matthew was originally written in Hebrew, and then translated in to Greek, probably so as to establish greater currency throughout the Greek- speaking world. And if those two books were written in Hebrew (although we were always told that they were written in Greek) then how many other books in the Ketuvim Netzarim (the Nazarene Writings) were originally written in Hebrew, and only later translated in to Greek?
And there is more. The Explanatory notes at the back of the rendition of the Scriptures put out by the Institute for Scripture Research indicates certain textual criticisms in the Book of the Revelation which indicate that it was also written in Hebrew. Revelation 19:16 reads that Yahshua will return with the words "KING OF KINGS AND MASTER OF MASTERS," written across his thigh. That's not right. The word "thigh" should read "banner," instead.
The problem with the word "thigh" is that if the words are written on Yahshua's thigh, then they are speaking of a tattoo, but Leviticus 19:18 forbids us to make tattoos on our bodies. But we know that Yahshua would never get a tattoo, because Yahshua would never break Torah, because He tells us Himself in the Sermon on the Mount that He did not come to break the Torah or to do away with it (Matthew 5:17- 20).
We know that sin is a transgression of the Law (1 John 3:4), so if Yahshua has a tattoo on his thigh, then He will be breaking the Law, which means He will be sinning. Yet we know that this can not be, because Yahshua is without sin.
Further, we know that a person whose thigh is exposed is considered naked in Hebraic thought (Mark 14:51, see also Shemot/Exodus 28:42), and we know that Yahshua would never come immodestly dressed, since He is our example. He would keep His thighs covered, especially in battle.
What makes more sense is to acknowledge that the Book of the Revelation must have been written in Hebrew. A particular letter in Hebrew that represents the "d" sound (called the "dalet") has a small stub on the end of one of the pen strokes, while a very similar looking letter representing the "r" sound (called a "resh") does not. It is easy for translators to mistake the two, especially when the scroll is old, damaged, or when the translators don't know Hebrew that well. Constantine's Catholic translators might easily have confused the dalet for a resh.
If a scribe translating the Book of the Revelation from Hebrew (or possibly Aramaic) in to Greek mistook the "d" for an "r", then the word "dagel" (banner) becomes "ragel" (thigh), and you have Yahshua breaking Torah, wearing a tattoo on a naked thigh. Given the fact that Yahshua said that the Torah would not pass away until heaven and earth pass away, this is impossible. It would make Yahshua an immodest sinner with naked thighs!
When you understand that Yahshua came not to do away with the Law, but rather to show how best to keep it, the image of Yahshua galloping around with a tattoo on a naked thigh becomes ludicrous. Yet a Roman Catholic scribe translating in to the Greek would not have caught the mistake, because the Catholics teach (against Scripture) that Yahshua did away with the Law.
So once again we have to ask the question: "If the books of Matthew, Hebrews and Revelation were originally written in Hebrew, and those in the synagogues where Sha'ul ministered were Hebrews, probably speaking Hebrew in the synagogues, then how much of the Nazarene Writings were originally written in Hebrew? Was it all written in Hebrew?" Have we been told that the Brit Chadasha was originally penned in Greek for someone's political reasons?
Then I learned something that convinces me beyond a shadow of a doubt that the Glad Tidings were originally written in Hebrew. Moshe Koniuchowsky sent out an amazing message to those on his email listing. It provides incontrovertible proof that all four of the Good News ("gospels") must have been originally written in Hebrew [or perhaps Aramaic, which was also spoken widely in the area where Yahshua and His disciples grew up, around Nazareth and the Galilee.]
Moshe explained that in the Babylonian Talmud, there is a section where the orthodox rabbis discuss how to destroy the Good News (the "Gospels"), which they term the "Gilyon." This word "Gilyon" is the same word that is used in the Peshitta of the Eastern Orthodox Church, a set of Scriptures originally written in Aramaic, and carried forward in Aramaic to this day. [It is possible that Yahshua's native tongue may have been Aramaic. Aramaic is to Hebrew like Scottish is to English. There is a strong accent, and some spellings differ, but native speakers have little difficulty in understanding one another.]
The Orthodox Jewish rabbis are recorded in the Babylonian Talmud at Shabbat 116A (and in the Jerusalem Talmud at Shabbat 15C, and the Tosefta Shabbat at 13:5) as discussing how to properly handle sacred Torah scrolls that need to be taken out of service. They go to great length to identify the proper procedure for retiring any scroll that contains the Divine Name, even if it has holes or blank spaces in it, perhaps due to age, or cracking of the parchment or skins.
The custom among the Orthodox was to bury old Torah scrolls, much the same as one would respectfully bury the dead. This was considered the reverent way to go about disposing of an old Torah scroll, even one with cracks, holes or tears in it. This custom (or tradition) continues to this day.
Most would consider that it is improper ever to burn a Torah scroll, because burning with fire was the prescribed means of destroying what is heretical, and unclean. The rabbis felt that it was improper to burn the Torah scroll in the same manner as one might burn something unclean, because it would seem disrespectful. Therefore they normally buried their Torah scrolls even if the scroll was damaged, had holes or blank spaces, or if it was reduced to cracked fragments. The point was to respect YHWH's Torah.
The conversation gets involved, but one rabbi writes of burning some scrolls that have holes (blank spaces) in them. Another rabbi asks him if he means Torah scrolls, or some other scrolls. The first rabbi responds that no, he is talking about burning some scrolls that belong to the Minim, or the Nazarene Israeli "heretics." He is talking about burning the Nazarene Writings (or the Brit Chadasha).
The Orthodox did their best to stamp out the Minim (the Nazarenes), and also to destroy all of their writings (the early Brit Chadasha) so as to keep other Jews from being "defiled" by belief in Yahshua. In the Babylonian Talmud at Shabbat 116A the rabbis argue about how to destroy scrolls that they consider heretical, yet which have the Divine Name of YHWH written on them.
One Orthodox rabbi in the Talmud wrote that the scrolls should be burned. Another rabbi dissented, saying that scrolls with the Divine Name written on them should never be burned. Another rabbi argues that the Minim (Nazarene) scrolls should have the Divine Name cut out of them on a day that is not a Sabbath day, and then whatever is left of the scrolls (with the holes cut out of them) should be burned. Another entry claims that the Minim scrolls are such an abomination that they should be burned without even bothering to cut the Divine Name out of them, but just to burn the things, because they are so odious to him.
The point is that the Orthodox rabbis were admitting that the original writings of the Minim (the Nazarene Israelites) had the Divine Name of YHWH in them in Hebrew. These can not be the same books that we read of today in the Greek Textus Receptus ("Received Text"), where the words "Theos" and "Kurios" are used. Why? Because we read in the Talmud that the original Nazarene Writings had the Divine Name of YHWH written on them. And we know that the Name was written in the Hebrew (YHWH/YHVH), because the Orthodox Rabbis would not have made such a fuss over any scroll with the Greek words "Theos" and "Kurios." They would have just burned the scroll without further comment. It was only the fact that the Name was written in Hebrew that caused controversy!
As a boy I was taught that "God" and "Jesus" were the proper names for our heavenly Father YHWH, and His Son Yahshua. Yet in reading books like "Fossilized Customs" and "Come Out of Her, My People," I have found out that "God" is actually a name of a Germanic sun- worship deity, and that "Jesus" may quite possibly be a derivative of Zeus. Satan would have tried to trick us to use these names in an effort to keep us from calling on the true Names. He would have given us a substitute, as a deception.
A more appropriate Anglicization of Yahshua's Name would really be Joshua, son of Joseph, just as we speak of Joshua, son of Nun. The parallels between the two Joshua's are striking: The name Joshua means "The Salvation of YHWH." Both Joshua's were given the mission of leading their people in to the Promised Land. Both saved their people. Yet instead of Joshua, we have been taught to use "Jesus," which may be a derivative of "Zeus."
We believers have been taught so many lies. First we were taught that the Torah is no longer important. Then we were taught that in order to receive salvation, all we need to do is to believe, get sprinkled, go to a building one day a week, and give lots of our money to the clergy.
Now we are told that the names of sun worship ("God" and "Jesus") are OK names to call upon, even though we know that Lucifer ("the Light Bringer") wants us to worship the sun. We are taught that there is no other Name that men can call upon in order to be saved (Acts 4:12), but we are given the wrong name to call on, one that may be a derivative of sun worship!
Yahshua Himself told us that if He came in His own Name (Yahshua or Joshua), that men would not receive Him. Yet if another (Lucifer or Zeus) came in his own name, him the people would receive (John 5:43). Now we can understand that this solarized sun-substitute name may be a trick of Lucifer, who always works through deceptions. This error got its start under the Roman Emperor Constantine and his Roman Catholic Church, now carried onward by the hierarchical (and heretical) Protestant church system.
The more I read and the more I learn, the more convinced I become that the Scriptures must have been originally inspired in Hebrew, or perhaps in Aramaic, but definitely not in Greek. We can still get along with the Greek text, just so long as we understand that Messiah Yahshua was speaking Hebrew or Aramaic, and not Greek.
As long as we get it in to our heads that Yahshua came not to replace Israel and the Torah, but to show people how better to keep the Torah, then we have a chance of getting it right. He came not to replace what He Himself handed down to Moses in the Wilderness, but to clarify it. Otherwise, when Yahshua, Moses and Elijah (Eliyahu) were all standing there together in the transfiguration on the Mount of Olives, talking amongst one another, why did Yahshua not rebuke them for teaching the wrong thing?
But He did not rebuke Moses and Elijah for teaching or doing the wrong thing, because the Son of Man did not come to do away with the Torah, the Hebrew language, or the Israeli people. He came, rather, to save that which was lost.

Love in the Master
Norman Willis

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Beberapa sanggahan dan pembelaan:
1.
The language of the synagogue is Hebrew/Aramaic. That is what liturgy is done in, though in US, "english" is the language of convenience and explanation.

From: "STEVEN BERKOWITZ" - SABerkowitz@hotmail.com.

2.
----Original Message Follows----
From: sharon jurist - moriahcheyenne@juno.com.
Reply-To: messianic@yahoogroups.com
To: messianic@yahoogroups.com
Subject: Re: [messianic] more thought provoking material
Date: Tue, 19 Jun 2001 22:27:20 -0700
...The language of the Jews was Hebrew, as it is to this day.
...Go to any synagogue anywhere in the world, and the Jews that you find there will all be speaking Hebrew. It makes no difference what country they are in; India, Russia, Czechoslovakia, or whatever: All Jews the world over, speak Hebrew in the synagogues. Thus what makes the most sense is that Sha'ul wrote his epistles to the synagogues .. throughout the Greek and Roman world in Hebrew!

Sharon: The native language of American Jews is English. The native language of Russian Jews is Russian (even in Hebrew speaking Israel, the Russian Jews have Russian language newspapers). Spanish Jews speak Spanish. Indian Jews speak Hindi etc. Just because a Jew can pray in Hebrew in the synagogue does not mean that he/she can SPEAK Hebrew. Until Ben Yehuda revived Hebrew in preparation for the rebirth of Israel, Hebrew was not a living language but only the language of the synagogue and of scholars. Therefore it makes the most sense that Shaul wrote his letters in whatever language the recipients throughout the Greek and Roman world spoke.
...had not actually been sent to the gentiles like we always think of gentiles, but that the "gentiles" of Scripture were in actual fact the physical blood-descendants of the Lost Ten Tribes! Then I learned that the "Greeks" of Scripture were not the Nike-and- Zeus worshipping pagan "Greeks" that we think of at all, but rather were Hellenized Jews! The word "Greeks" meant "Greek-speaking Jews who grew up in a Greek culture."...

Sharon: You can prove anything when you make up your own facts. The more I've read about this theory the more I see illogic, circular logic and wishful thinking. If you wish to believe that "Greeks" means the Jews of the northern kingdom then you have to believe that the majority of the world's people were and are unworthy of even hearing the good news and that it was never preached to anyone other than Jacob's descendants. This contradicts the Tanakh which tell us that HaShem's House would be a house of prayer for all people (read all of Isaiah 56) and that Messiah would be a light for the GENTILES and bring salvation to the ends of the earth (Isa. 49:6). In fact, rabbi Saul uses this very verse to say that he is going to the GENTILES with the good news since his fellow Israelites are unwilling to listen (Acts 13:46-47). Now, you would have to argue that gentiles in the Tanakh has always referred to Israel in order to believe that gentiles in Acts refers to Israel after Saul's usage of Isaiah. Of course that is absurd, especially when "gentiles" is used to differentiate other people from the people of Israel throughout the Tanakh.

...except for the time that he went to Mars Hill, Sha'ul always went in to the synagogues, to preach to the "gentiles" and the "Greeks" on the Sabbath day.

Sharon: This is an example of making up the "facts". The book of Acts does not identify the synagogue as being filled with Greeks and Gentiles but with Jews and G-d fearers. Over and over the verses say "the synagogue of the Jews" (Acts 13:5, 14:1, 17:1, 17:10, 18:19,) or mentions Jews and G-d fearers in conjunction with the synagogue (Acts 13:43, 17:17,). And what is so unusual about Rabbi Saul going to the Jews in the synagogue first? This is what he always did because, by his own admission, the good news was to the Jew FIRST and also to the Greek. (Rom. 1:16)
...The Greek-gentile story I was fed as a child was not passing the reality-check, ...
Sharon: And neither is the "logic" of this writer. The two house theory continues to rest on the myth of the northern kingdom tribes being "lost" and becoming someone else which the Tanakh proves is not true (Ezra, Nehemiah and Chronicles as well as verses from the apostolic writings).
Now they attempt to prove the theory with faulty reasoning and made up facts.
Another example: mistook the "d" for an "r", then the word "dagel" (banner) becomes "ragel" (thigh), "regel" means foot, not thigh.
The word for thigh is a different word in Biblical and modern Hebrew.
If the two house theorists start using logic and real facts and real history and real sciences (such as etymology) to prove their theory they would be successful.

Shalom,
Sharon