III) Somatoform Disorders
    A) Real physical symptoms with no biological cause
            1) Conversion
                a) Physical symptoms, such as paralyses and anesthesias, with no physical
                    explanation
            2) Somatization Disorder
                a) Repeated, varying symptoms with no physical cause; often of many years'
                    duration
            3) Hypochondriasis
                a) Excessive attention to state of health, along with preoccupation with the
                    minor aches and pains of living

IV) Dissociative Disorders
    A) Dissociative Amnesia
            1) Total or partial loss of information about the self; usually triggered by a
                traumatic experience
    B) Dissociative Fugue
            1) Dissociative amnesia accompanied by fleeing  the area; more common in war
                zones, natural disasters
    C) Dissociative Identity Disorder
            1) Multiple personalities; usually many rather than 2 or 3; extremely rare

V) Antisocial Personality Disorder
     A) Marked by a lack of empathy, chronic underarousal, willingness to
         lie, cheat, steal, and break the law

VI) Sexual Disorders
    A) Includes sexual dysfunctions and paraphilias
    B) Only dysfunctions & paraphilias causing distress to self or others are
        disorders
    C) Paraphilias
            1) Voyeurism
                a) Sexual attraction to watching unconsenting people nude or engaged in
                    sexual activity
            2) Fetishism
                a) Sexual attraction to inanimate objects
            3) Pedophilia
                a) Sexual attraction to young children
            4) Exhibitionism
                a) Sexual attraction to exposing one's genitals to unsuspecting strangers
            5) Masochism
                a) Sexual attraction to being bound, beaten, or made to suffer
            6) Sadism
                a) Sexual attraction to hurting others
            7) Many arise through classical conditioning
            8) Most are strengthened when the person fantasizes the attraction while
                masturbating

VII) Schizophrenia
    A) Positive Symptoms
            1) Hallucinations (mostly auditory)
            2) Delusions (delusions of grandeur and persecution are most  common)
            3) Speech disturbances (including word salad)
            4) Disorganized behavior (including silliness,  weird motor behaviors)
            5) Inappropriate affect (emotional responses that are inappropriate for the
                circumstances, such as crying at comedy shows)
    B) Negative Symptoms
            1) Social withdrawal, limited speech and action, poor hygiene, apathy
            2) Flat affect (no emotional response at all)
    C) Onset Timing
            1) Period of greatest susceptibility
    D) Incidence
            1) Strikes 1/100
    E) Schizophrenia Types
            1) Paranoid
                a) Delusions of grandeur
                b) Delusions of persecution
                c) Usually harmless, but may become violent if threatened
            2) Catatonic
                a) Periods of frenzied activity alternating with periods of immobility
                b) May stay in odd positions for hours
            3) Disorganized
                a) Inappropriate affect & actions
                b) Incoherent verbal behavior & silliness
                c) Delusions & hallucinations
            4) Undifferentiated
                a) Used to describe schizophrenics with mixed or unusual symptoms
    F) Causes
            1) Brain Abnormalities
                a) Some schizophrenics have:
                    1) Low frontal lobe activity
                    2) Undersize hippocampus, amygdala, or thalamus
                    3) Larger than normal ventricles
            2) Excess Dopamine
                a) 2/3 of schizophrenics improve when given dopamine reducers
                b) PET scans show excess dopamine activity in sufferers
                c) Drugs that increase dopamine cause schizophrenic symptoms
            3) Diathesis-Stress Model
                 a) People with a vulnerability to schizophrenia develop symptoms when placed
                     under stress
    G) Genetic Aspects
            1) Schizophrenia runs in families
            2) Concordance is higher among closer relatives

VIII) Mood Disorders
    A) Major Depressive Disorder
            1) Overwhelming feelings of sadness, despair, hopelessness
            2) Loss of interest in pleasurable activities
    B) Bipolar Disorder
            1) Manic episodes & extreme depression mixed with normal affect
            2) Mania involves delusional levels of optimism, euphoria, &  energy
            3) Equally common in both sexes
            4) Sufferers make poor  decisions while manic, withdraw when depressed
    C) Genetic Connection
            1) Moderate in major depressive disorder
            2) Strong in bipolar depression
    D) Causes & Treatments
            1) Depression
                a) Low norepinephrine &  serotonin levels
            2) Mania
                b) High norepinephrine levels
            3) Major Depressive Disorder
                a) Serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (e.g. Prozac)
    E) Causes & Treatments
            1) Bipolar Depression
                a) Lithium carbonate

IX) Suicide Facts
    A) 10-14% of those who attempt suicide will eventually succeed in a later
        attempt
    B) Suicide rates are highest among the elderly
    C) Most suicidal people leave clues of their intentions
    D) Most suicidal people have not made a definite decision to die
    E) Suicide is less frequent for married people and women with children
    F) The majority of suicide victims are suffering from depression

X)  Related Links