Integument/Skeleton

Circulatory System

Digestive System/Excretory System

Nervous System

                                               Porifera

Pinacocytes - thin, flat layer of T-shaped cells.

Spicules & Spongin

none.

Intracellular; use choanocytes to trap food.

Marine porifera are isotonic.  Freshwater porifera use vacuoles.

Cell irritability.  Shown by individual cells.

                                             Cnidaria

On cell layer (epidermis)

Hydrostatic, some have endoskeletons and/or exoskeletons.

none

Hollow gut with single opening.

Marine cnidaria are isotonic.  Freshwater cnidaria use vacuoles.

Nerve net ring around bell of medusa.

Mollusca

Hard shells.

Most have three chambered hearts and an open circulatory system.

Coelem, a refuse dump in which waste laden body fluids are collected, Nephridia filters nitrogen filled waste.

Ganglea connected by nerve parts, highly developed brain.

Echinodermata

Endoskeleton internal skeleton.

Particles move freely throughout the large fluid-filled coelom.

In most waste and respiratory removal are performed by skin gills.    

Central ring of nerves from which five branches arise. No centralization of nerve function and no brain. .

Arthropoda

Series of hard plates made of chitin.

Hard exoskeleton made of chitin.

Open circulatory system.

Hear located along the top of the body that squeezes blood into internal body spaces.

Rudimentary coeloms used in digestion.

Use units called Halpighian tubules.  Metabolic wastes remain in gut and eventually leave through anus.

Well organized ventral nervous system.

Chordata/Osteichthyes

Protective covering of scales over skin.

Endoskeleton with backbone.

Distributes blood and includes heart and blood vessels.

Consists of mouth, esophagus, and stomach.  Gizzard grinds food.

Waste products and undigested food pass out through anus.

Two types of nerves - sensory nerves and motor nerves.

Chordata/Amphibia

Scaleless skin without hair or feathers.  Most have smooth epidermis.  Some have leathery epidermis.

Endoskeleton with backbone.

Closed circulatory system.  Dual circulatory system.

Includes mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines.  Food is digested in stomach and in place in small intestine.

Water dwellers have lateral-line system.

Chordata/Reptilia

Have scales as a protective armor.

Endoskeleton with backbone (vertebrae).

Well developed circulatory system.

Consists of mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines, kidneys and urinary bladder.

Nerves are sensitive to heat.

Chordata/Aves

Bones and Cartilage

Their blood transports all nutrients through blood vessels.

They have fully developed does not store waste lets it out.

They have nerve fibers that run throughout body, highly developed brain.

Chordata/Mammalia

Skin consists of dermis, epidermis, and hair

Endoskeleton with backbone.  Skeleton consists of over 200 bones.

Blood transports all nutrients through blood vessels

Waste is eliminated by means of kidneys.

Consists of mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines.

The nerve fibers run throughout body, highly developed brain.