Infinitives

The infinitive is the unconjugated form of the verb, showing tense and voice but not person. In the instances of teh future active and perfect passive infinitives, it may show gender, number, and case. Latin has six infinitives: present, perfect, and future tenses in the active and passive voices.

**Infitive Endings**
	Active	Passive
Present	-re	-i
Perfect	-isse	-tum esse
Future	-turum esse	-tum iri
Future Perfect	[none]	-tum fore

**Infinitives of Conjugations**
Active Voice
Conjugations:	1st	2nd	3rd	3rd io	4th
Present	amare	videre	regere	capere	audire
Perfect	amavisse	vidisse	rexisse	cepisse	audivisse
Future	amaturus, a, um esse	visurus, a, um esse	recturus, a, um esse	capturus, a, um esse	auditurus, a, um esse
Passive Voice
Present	amari	videri	regi	capi	audiri
Perfect	amatus, a, um esse	visus, a, um esse	rectus, a, um esse	captus, a, um esse	auditus, a, um esse
Future	amatum iri	visum iri	rectum iri	captum iri	auditum iri
Future Perfect	amatus fore	visus fore	rectus fore	captus fore	auditus fore

**Infinitives Translation**
	Active	Passive
Present	to verb	to be verbed
Perfect	to have verbed	to have been verbed
Future	to be about to verb	to be about to be verbed
Future Perfect	[none]	to be about to have been verbed

Infinitive as Verbal Noun
- The infinitive can be a verbal noun: a form of the verb that acts as a noun. Latin can form seven infinitives: present active, present passive, perfect active, perfect passive, future active, future passive, and future perfect passive. See above for their forms and translations.
- The infinitive, usually in the present active form, can be used as both the subject or object of a verb. When it is used as a subject, it is substituting for the nominative of the gerund, which does not exist.
- The infinitive, when used as a noun, has neuter gender.
- Currere est difficile. Running is difficult. (subject of verb)
  Volo natare. I want to swim. (object of verb/complementary infinitive).

Indirect Discourse

The infinitive in forms other than the present active is most often found in indirect statments. Tense in indirect speech represents not true time, but time in relation to the main verb: present represents the same time as the main verb (time cotemporaneous), perfect represents an action completed by the time of the main verb (before), and future represents an action after the main verb.

Marcus dicit videre. Marcus dicit videri. Marcus dicit vidisse. Marcus dicit visum esse. Marcus dicit visurum esse. Marcus dicit visum iri. Marcus dicit visum fore	Marcus says that he sees. Marcus says that he is seen. Marcus says that he has seen. Marcus says that he has been seen. Marcus says that he is about to see. Marcus says that he is about to be seen. Marcus says that he will have been seen.
Marcus dixit videre. Marcus dixit videri. Marcus dixit vidisse. Marcus dixit visum esse. Marcus dixit visurum esse. Marcus dixit visum iri. Marcus dixit visum fore.	Marcus said that he saw. Marcus said that he was seen. Marcus said that he had seen. Marcus said that he had been seen. Marcus said that he would see. Marcus said that he would be seen. Marcus said that he would have been seen.

Note the lack of indirect statements with main verbs in the future.