Personality Development in tune with Needs
Motivation refers to reducing tension by satisfying deficit states or lacks. It entails "Deficiency Needs" (D-needs), which arise out of the organism's requirements for physiological survival or safety, such as the need for food or rest, and motivates the individual to engage in activities that will reduce these drives.
Physiological Needs
(Basic needs)
The strongest needs of all are the physiological ones
that pertain to the physical survival and biological maintenance of the
organism. They include the need for food, drink, sleep, oxygen, shelter, and
sex. For many Americans, physiological needs are satisfied almost automatically.
However, if biological needs are not met for a protracted period of time, an
individual will not be motivated to fulfill any other needs.
Safety Needs
(Security needs)
Safety needs refer to the organism's requirements for
an orderly, stable, and predictable world.
Belonging And Love
Needs (Sentimental needs)
Once the physiological and safety needs are met, needs
for love and belonging arise. The individual seeks affectionate and intimate
relationships with other people, needing to feel part of various reference
groups, such as the family, neighborhood, gang, or a professional association
Self-esteem Needs
(Recognition needs)
Dr. Maslow described two kinds of esteem needs - the
need for respect from others and the need for self-respect. Self-esteem entails
competence, confidence, mastery, achievement, independence, and freedom. Respect
from others entails recognition, acceptance, status, and appreciation. When
these needs are not met an individual feels discouraged, weak, and inferior.
Self-actualization Needs
If the foregoing needs have been
met, the needs for self-actualization may emerge if the individual has the
courage to choose them. In general, self-actualization refers to the desire to
fulfill one's highest potential. The individual on this level who does not fully
exploit his or her talents and capacities is discontented and restless
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