PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE CUMULATIVE REVIEW
FIRST COMPANY
CH. 1 - SERVICE ORGANIZATION ETIQUETTE TOPIC - COURTESIES
1. Two chains of command:
-administrative
-CIC
-SECDEF
-SECNAV
-COMPONENT COMMANDERS
-TYPE COMMANDERS
-GROUP COMMANDERS
-SQUADRON COMMANDERS
-UNIT COMMANDERS
-"Can't Talk Got Sh***y Uniform."
-operational
-NCA
-UNIFIED COMMANDERS
-COMPONENT COMMANDERS
-NUMBERED FLEET COMMANDERS
-TASK GROUP
- " FORCE
- " UNIT
- " ELEMENT
2. Nine unified commands
-USACOM
US ATLANTIC COMMD
-USCENTCOM
US CENTRAL COMMD (MID EAST)
-USEUCOM
US EUROPEAN COMMD
-USPACCOM
US PACIFIC COMMD
-USSOCOM
US SOUTHERN COMMD (SOUTH AMER)
-USSPACECOM
US SPACE COMMD
-USSTRATCOM
US STRATEGIC COMMD
-USTRANCOM
US TRANSPORTATION COMMD
-CINCSOC
US SPECIAL OPS COMMAND
3. Operational Fleets
-2nd - USACOM - NORFOLK VA
-3RD - USPACOM - SAN DIEGO CA
-5TH - USCENTCOM - BAHRAIN
-6TH - USEUCOM - GAETA ITALY
-7TH - USPACOM - YOKOSUKA JAPAN
4. USMC ORGANIZATION
-COMMANDANT MC (CMC)
-not operational commander
-member JCS
-Operational Commanders
-MarForLant (marine Forces Atlantic
-MarForPac (Marine Forces Pacific
-MEF
-MARINE EXPEDITIONARY FORCE
-As mandated by Congress in 1947, there must always be a minimum of three infantry divisions and three air wings in the Corps.
CH.2 - ENLISTED PERSONNEL
ETIQUETTE TOPIC - WATCHSTANDING
1. Service Schools
-Class A
Basic technical knowledge for job performance. NEC (Naval Enlisted Classification) may be awarded
-Class C
Advanced technical skills taught. NEC may be awarded
-Class E
Professional education leading to academic degree
-Class F - training for those en route to a ship, also provides refresher training
-Class R - boot camp
2. Enlisted Advancement System
-All advancements made through centralized competition - few exceptions.
-Examinations include
-TIR (Time in rate)
-PARS (Personnel Advancement Requirments)for the projected paygrade.
-Military-leadership exam
-FMS (Final Multiple Score) determined based on these exam section to determine promotion
-For PO2 and PO3:
-35% examination
-30% performance
-13% length in service
-13% length in paygrade
-4.5% awards
-4.5% high quality points
*PO1 is the same, except that he/she receives 30% examination and 35% performance.
-For CPO
-60% performance and 40% exam
-CPO awarded three categories
-SBE (SERVICE BOARD ELIGIBLE)
-SBI (SERVICE BD. INELIGIBLE)
-FAIL
3. ENLISTED RATINGS AND RATES
-rating - navy job (eg: BM, AC, IS, ETC.)
-rate - paygrade within a rating (E-9, E-4, E-8)
STRIPING COLORS
-white - seaman (SN)
-white - hospitalmen (HN)
-white - dentalman (DN)
-red - fireman (FN)
-green - airman (AN)
-blue - contructionman (CN)
-RATING BADGES
-consists of a crow with chevrons underneath, rating insignia in between crow and chevrons. CPO's have rockers. MCPON wears three stars above the crow and a star in the field. Worn on left sleeve.
-SERVICE STRIPES (hashmarks)
-worn for every four years of service. Red until 12 years of continuous good conduct have been put into the Navy, then they come gold.
4. USMC ENLISTED PERSONNEL
-trained at boot camps in either Parris Island SC or San Diego CA. 12 weeks long divided into three phases:
-1st - introduced to Corps history, military customs and courtesies, close combat, close- order drill and intense physical training.
-2nd - weapons training, qual. W/ M16A2 service rifle at 500 yds, and basic life in the field.
-3rd - nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) warfare, repelling, fast-roping, mines, booby traps, and combat movement by day and night.
- After grad., males attend School of Infantry (8-weeks Infantry Marines and 4-weeks non-Infantry devil dogs)
Marine is taught patrols, defensive perimeters and weapons usage. The four-week coursers will go on to their MOS school (Military Occupational Specialty).
- 40 occupational fields encompassing over 300 MOSs.
5. SCHOOLS
-Infantry Ordnanceman
10 wks, Memphis TN
-Infantry
8 wks, Camp Pendleton or LeJeune.
-Field Artillery
4-8 wks, Ft. Sill, OK
-Armor Crewman
9 wks, Ft. Knox, KY
-In FMF, only 30-35% personnel associated with combat arms.
-Staff NCO Aacdemy
-shift in work of troop leadership to administrative expertise. Staff and Gunnery Sergeants. Gunnys must complete the Advanced Course. 1SGTs must complete the 1SGT course. SGTMAJ/MGYSGTs must complete the SGTMAJ/MGYSGT course. MSGT are technical field-related.
CH 3 SURFACE WARFARE
ETIQUETTE TOPIC: TABLE MANNERS
1. To deny the enemy the effective use of surface warships and cargo carrying capability.
2. SUW a sea control mission, whereas Strike Warfare is a projection of power ashore.
3. CWC (Composite Warfare Commander) Concept
-to provide decentralized command
-commands by negation (over rules a warfare commander rather than personally assessing all details).
4. FUNCTIONING RELATIONSHIPS
-OTC (Officer-In-Tactical Command)
-CWC
-WARFARE COMMANDERS
-AWC (AIR WARFARE CDR)
-SUWC (SURFACE WARFARE CDR)
-USWC (UNDERSEA WARFARE CDR)
-STWC (STRIKE WARFARE CDR)
-C2WC (COMMAND AND CONTROL WARFARE CDR) - responsible for Info Ops.
-SAG (SURFACE ACTION GROUP)
-two or more ships
-to prevent enemy's use of sea lanes
-keeps battle at baseline away from HVUs (High Value Units such as Cvs).
5. PHASES OF SUW
1. SSC&I (surface, surveillance, and communications and intelligence) phase.
-radar, sonar, OTH-T
2. Approach
1. Organization of SAG
2. Detach SAG
3. Review target info and pass to FCS
4. Maintain EMCON
3. Attack
1. Determination of TOT
2. Missile Inventory
3. No. of missiles needed to neutralize target
4. Uncertainty of target information
5. Probability weapon will acquire target
4. Post-Attack
-Options:
-Attack again
-withdraw
-detach an additional SAG
PLEASE SEE PLATFORM REVIEWS FOR WEAPONS!!!
CH 4 AIR WARFARE
ETIQUETTE TOPIC: SALUTING
-Offensive measures
-strikes against ships, air bases and missile sights. Often fall under Strike Warfare Commander.
-Defensive measures
-use of interceptors, SAMs, AAMs, guns, electronic countermeasures, cover, concealment, dispersion and mobility to protect or defend against an offensive air unit.
-Defense in depth concept
-Divided into three areas
-surveillance
-destruction
-vital
-surveillance area extends from center of HVU to maximum detection range of about 440nm using the E2C.
-destruction zone divided into three areas:
-fighter engagement
-missile engagement
-close-in weapons engagement
-vital area begins where the maximum range of an enemy's weapons would be capable of hitting the HVU.
-Six aspects of air warfare planning
-coverage req. by threat & geog. area
-ships and aircraft available
-communications
-combat air patrol capabilities
-electronic warfare capabilities
-environment
-Phases of Air Warfare
There are two phases
-Surveillance/Detection
-Engagement
1. Surveillance/Detection
-consists of
-airborne early warning aircraft
-picket units
-"delouse" aircraft coming into an area of any enemy aircraft trailing it.
2. Engagement
-Combat Air Patrol (CAP)
-Autonomous CAP (units assigned to shore based areas.
-Carrier Air Wing composition
VF-FIGHTER
VFA-STRIKE FIGHTER
VAQ-ELECTRONIC WARFARE
VAW-EARLY WARNING
VS- ANTI SUBMARINE
HS- HELICOPTER ANTI SUB
-Adding an "M" after the "V" signifies a Marine squadron (eg: VMFA). VMA is a Harrier squadron.
-Missiles
-Launching platforms
-A- AIR
-R- SHIP
-U- SUBMARINE
-Mission
-G- SURFACE ATTACK
-I- AERIAL INTERCEPT
-U- UNDERWATER ATTACK
-Type
-M- MISSILE
-R- ROCKET
**Page 20 of the pro manual contains a lot of missile information, so does the platform attachment to this e-mail.
CH 5 UNDERSEA WARFARE
ETIQUETTE TOPIC: MEMORANDUMS
I. Basic Characteristics of Submarines:
1. a) Ability to submerge and invisibility
b) Stealth-its advantages include:
-covertness
-surprise
-survivability
-uncertainty
-non-provocative
-total offense
2. Endurance
3. Agility
II. Major elements of U.S. "military police"
1. Deterrence
2. Forward presence
3. Crisis response
4. Force reconstitution
III. Submarines complement other forces as part of a balanced joint force structure to perform:
1. Regional sea denial
2. Task group support
3. Ground warfare support
4. Precision strike
5. Forward presence
6. Surveillance
7. Deterrence
Undersea Warfare
Mission-to deny the enemy the effective use of its submarines
I. Command relationships
1. Undersea warfare commander (USWC)
a) CO of a ship/embarked staff officer
b) reports to CWC
c) in charge of USW assets in the Battle Group
2. Search and Attack Unit (SAU)
-one or more ships detached from a formation to search for and destroy submarines
-SAU may be augmented by aircraft
-SAU commander responsible for
a) approaching the enemy submarine from the best perspective
b) directing the search
c) planning and executing the attack
II. USW Operations
1. Protective
-actions include escorting services and harbor defense
-occurs while enemy submarine is undetected
2. Offensive
-involves patrolling for and attacking enemy submarines
-offensive USW is used when enemy sub is found
III. Protective Operations-defense of surface ships
1. Involves:
a) predicting where a submarine might position itself in order to intercept surface ships
b) estimating the enemy sub's abilities in speed, endurance, weapons range
IV. Offensive Operations-offensive USW neutralizes a detected submarine with weapons, or causes the enemy to flee beyond harm's reach
-Five steps in USW attack:
1. Detection
2. Classification
3. Localization
4. Tracking
5. Attack
V. USW Platforms
1. Surface ships
2. Aircraft
3. Submarines
VI. Weapons
Mk 48 ADCAP (Advanced Capability) Torpedo
Mk 46 Torpedo
Mk 50 Torpedo
VI. Sonar Equipment
Active
Passive
Broadband
Narrowband
Wideband
Hull-mounted Arrays
Towed Array
Wide Aperture Array (WAA)
Sonar Processing Systems
Sonobuoys
Sound Surveillance Systems (SOSUS)
CH 6 STRIKE WARFARE
ETIQUETTE TOPIC: BUILDINGS ON THE YARD
-use of tactical aircraft and/or cruise missiles against land targets in an offensive power projection role.
-4 missions of strike warfare
-coordinated strike
-take out the enemy's weapons- building capabilities
-interdiction
-destroy specific targets to deny enemy access to areas (eg: bridges)
-armed reconnaissance
-destroying targets of opportunity
-close-air support
-destroy enemy ground targets that threaten friendly ground forces
-Weapons
-iron bombs
simple, Mk 82, 83, 84. Dropped and let gravity take over.
-retarded iron bombs
retarding vane attached to slow down fall
-Laser Guided Bombs (LGB)
Guided toward a "painted structure."
-Cluster Bombs
Free fall bombs that throw out multiple bomblets (Mk 20 Rockeye)
-Anti-Runway munitions
Durandal, which plummets straight into runway and, well, kills it.
-Fuel Air Explosive Bombs
spreads flammable gas throughout an area, then lights a spark and KABOOM - everything gets fried.
TACAIR ADVANTAGES
-greater payload
-target selection
-Battle Damage Assessment (BDA)
-can be used for CAS and armed recon
-reusable
-Disadvantages
-pilot vulnerability
-shorter range
-limited deep strike
CRUISE MISSILE ADVANTAGES
-no loss of pilots
-deep strike capability
-accuracy
-multiple launching platforms
-Disadvantages
-No BDA
-No target selection
-small payload
-high cost per shot (approx $2 million per shot)
NGFS (NAVAL GUNFIRE SUPPORT)
-not used as much since decomm. of Iowa-class BBs.
CH 7 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS
ETIQUETTE TOPIC:
I. History and traditions of the USMC
a) Birth of the Marine Corps-10 NOV 1775, at Tun Tavern in Philadelphia, PA
b) Captain Nicholas was 1st Marine officer
c) Shipboard duties
1. sharpshooters-identified officers while in ship's rigging by the quartrefoil on their covers (cross-shaped braid).
2. Provided security to maintain order/discipline
d)"leatherneck"
e) First landing in 1776 on New Providence Island in the Bahamas
1805 1st LT O'Bannon led a joint force in the Mediterranean against the Barbary pirates across Libyan desert to take fortress at Derna. After victory,
O'Bannon awarded Mameluke sword
f) General Henderson-"Grand Old Man of the Marine Corps"- 1st commandant, 39 years
1. led Corps through Seminole Indian War, war w/Mexico, opening of China, and disorders in Central America
g)Marines served in Mexican War landing in Veracruz to help secure the entrance to the city after an assault on Chapultepec Castle-scarlet stripes ('blood stripes") worn on dress blue trousers of officers/NCO's in remembrance of Marines killed during action
h) During Civil War Marines fought against attempts to disband them and merge it w/the army
i) 1. (1899-1916) USMC participated in 8 campaigns:
Philippines Insurrection, Boxer Uprising, Panama, Cuban Pacification, Veracruz, Haiti, Santo Domingo, Nicaragua
2. Sgt Maj Daly and Maj Butler each awarded 2 Medals of Honor in foreign expeditions
j) Maj Gen Lejeune (13th commandant/1st Marine to command army division)
k)1st completely equipped American aviation unit to leave US for service overseas
l) Major Cunningham-corps' first pilot
m) Belleau Wood- Marines fought German offensive that threatened Paris. Germans amazed at the ruth and courage of the Marines that they gave Marines nickname "Teufelhunden"-"Hounds of the Devil"-"Devil Dog"
n) WWII-Marines defended Wake Island, were not able to repulse Japanese a second time
o) General MacArthur employed them to defend Philippines- forced to surrender
p) 7 AUG 1942-Marines landed on Guadalcanal. Commanded by Major General Vandegrift, 1st Marine Division took the island. He won Medal of Honor for leadership on Guadalcanal
q) Tarawa-1943-one of bloodiest battles in USMC history, Tarawa fell to Marines proving viability of amphibious assault against defended shores
r) Iwo Jima-airstrip needed, Marines took the island in 36 days, took Mt. Suribachi in southern end of island in 4 days, raised the colors on this mount making it most popular picture of the war
s) National Security Act of 1947-est. Specific roles for USMC, its size and seat for Commandant on JCS in an advisory capacity
t) Truman sent Marines into Korea to defend S Korea against Communist North. Under Major Smith w/Chesty Puller as reg cmdr, Marines helped halt N Korean advances by conducting a landing at Inchon, driving the Chinese out. Attacked/surrounded by Chinese troops at the Chosin Reservoir, Marines fought off 7 Chinese divisions. Marines fought in -40 degree temp.
u) 1965-called to fight for democracy in Vietnam until January 1968.
-defended firebase at Khe San from two attacking NVA divisions
-during Tet holiday (New Year), Communist forces launched surprise offensive into Hue City, S Vietnam. Marines fought house to house securing the city 25 FEB 1968.
v) Marines continued role as expeditionary force by traveling around the world enforcing U.S. foreign policy
w) "First to Fight"
II. Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU)
a) employed to fulfill forward deployment, deployed on up to 4 Naval amphibious ships, its air/ground combat elements are combined w/combat service support under one commander, an expeditionary intervention force w/ability to organize quickly for combat operations in any environment
b) Command element (CE)-provides command and control of other three elements
c) ground combat element (GCE)-is the BN landing team (BLT), an infantry BN, amphibious assault vehicles, light armored reconnaissance assets and other units as the mission requires
d) aviation combat element (ACE)-Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron w/4 types helicopters including the CH-53 Super Stallion, CH-46E Sea Knight, UH-1n Huey, AH-1W Super Cobra. May also include fixed-wing aircraft like the "Harrier" jet
e) Combat service support element-MEU Service Support Group (MSSG), MSSG contains logistics specialists necessary to keep GCE, ACE and organic equipment functioning. MSSG includes medical, dental, maintenance, engineering, and other technical experts
f)Standing MEUs
1) I MEF MEUs 11th, 13th, 15th -Camp Pendleton
2) II MEF MEUs 22nd, 24th, 26th -Camp Lejeune
3) III MEF MEUs 31st -Okinawa
CH 8 AMPHIBIOUS WARFARE
ETIQUETTE TOPIC:
I Amphibious Warfare-an amphibious operation is a military operation launched from the sea by naval and landing forces embarked in ships or craft involving a landing on a hostile or potentially hostile shore
II Basic Concepts-Amphibious operations are designed/conducted primarily to:
1. Prosecute further combat operations
2. Obtain a site for an advanced naval, land, or air base.
3. Deny use of an area or facilities to the enemy.
4. Fix enemy forces and attention, providing opportunities for other combat operations.
A) The Amphibious Task Force (ATF) is unique in that it combines all types of ships, aircraft, weapons, and landing forces in a concerted military effort against a hostile shore.
B) The ATF Cmdr, senior naval officer, assumes overall tactical control of the entire operation while the MAGTF cmdr controls the landing force on the "beach".
III Types of Amphibious Operations
DRAW
1. Amphibious Demonstration
2. Amphibious Raid
-Inflicting loss or damage
-Securing information
-Creating a diversion
-Capturing/evacuating individuals/material
-Executing deliberate deception operations
-Destroying enemy information gathering systems to support operations security
3. Amphibious Assault
4. Amphibious Withdrawal
IV Amphibious Task Organization
A) Heads of parallel chains of command
1. Commander, Amphibious Task Force (CATF)-Navy officer
2. Commander, Landing Force (CLF)-Navy or Marine Corps officer
-has Operational Control (OPCON) of Landing Fleet (LF)
B) Amphibious Task Force-always includes Navy forces and LF w/aviation assets. Air/Special Operations Forces (SOF) may be included.
Task elements of ATF:
-Transport Groups
-Control Group (ship-shore movements)
-TACAIR Control Group
-Naval Surface Fire Support (NSFS) Group
-Carrier Battle
Group/Warfare Commanders
-TACAIR Group (shore based)
-Mine Warfare Groups
-SPECWARFARE Groups
-Tactical Deception Groups
-Naval Beach Group
-Construction Battalions
V Landing Force (LF)
Consists of command, combat, support elements that conduct amphibious assault (air/ground). LF organized for following funcitons:
-Embarkation of troops, equipment, and supplies
-Debarkation and landing of troops by air and/or surface units
-Conduct of air and waterborne assault operation
-Control of Naval Surface Fire Support (NSFS)
-Provision and control of air support
-Operation and tactical employment of amphibious vehicles and aircraft
-Discharge of logisitics, support elements, and cargo from assault shipping and establishment of logistical sites and service areas
VI The Amphibious Assault-requires coordination/sufficient control of land, sea, and air space by ATF Cmdr to gain combat superiority over the enemy.
VII Phases of Amphibious Assault
PERMA
1. Planning-denotes the period extending from the issuance of the initial directive until embarkation.
2. Embarkation-the period during which the forces, with their equipment and supplies, are loaded aboard assigned shipping.
3. Rehearsal-period during which the prospective operation is rehearsed for the purpose of:
-Testing the adequacy of plans, timing of operations, combat readiness of participating forces
-Ensuring all echelons are familiar w/plans
-Testing communications
4. Movement-period during which various elements of the ATF move from points of embarkation to the Amphibious Objective Area (AOA)
5. Assault-begins when sufficient elements of the main body of the ATF arrive in assigned positions in the landing area and are capable of beginning the ship-to-shore
movement
Assault phase encompasses:
-Preparation of the landing area by supporting arms
-Ship-to-shore movement of the LF
-Air and surface assault landing by assault elements of the LF to seize the beachhead and designated ATF and LF objectives
-Provision of supporting arms and logistics/CSS throughout the assault
-Landing the remaining elements for conduct of operatrions as required for accomplishment of the ATF mission
VII Establishment Ashore-the transfer of control ashore to the CLF from the CATF is passed as equipment, communications, and command and control centers are estblished ashore.
VIII Adjacent Operations
A) Pre-assault Operations-
1. To isolate an objective area
2. To gain information about the enemy positions
3. To prepare an objective area
B) Subsidiary Landings-
1. To capture a specific position for use in the main landing
2. To capture an area in order to deny its use to the enemy in opposing the main effort
3. Through deception, to induce a hostile reaction which will favor the main effort.
C) Supporting Operations-
1. Area of demonstrations
2. Assistance in gaining or maintaining air, ground, or naval supremacy
3. Psychological and unconventional operations
CH 9 MINE WARFARE
I Types of Mines
a)Bottom mines
b)Moored/Buoyant mines
c)Moving mines
II Mine Actuating Systems
a)Contact mines
b)Target influence
1. Magnetic Mechanisms
2. Acoustic Mechanisms
3. Pressure Mechanisms
c)Controlled Mines
III Mine Laying
a)carrier based aircraft
b)land based maritime patrol aircraft
c)attack submarines
IV Mines held in inventory by the U.S.
a)MK 50 Series
b)Mk 60 CAPTOR (enCAPsulated TORpedo)
c)Mk 62-65 Series
d)Mk 67 Sub marine launched Mobile Mine (SLMM)
V Mine Countermeasures (MCM)
Principle Objectives:
1. Exploratory Objective
2. Breakthrough Objective
3. Attrition Objective
4. Clearance Objective
MCM Operations in support of 4 objectives is divided into two categories:
a)Offensive MCM
b)Defensive MCM
1. Passive MCM
-self-protection
detection/avoidance
2. Active MCM
-mine hunting
-mine sweeping
CH 10 INFORMATION WARFARE
-actions taken to acheive information superiority by affecting adversary information, information-based processes, information systems and computer based systems while defending one's own similar resources.
II. Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence Warfare (C4I)
A) Offensive and Defensive C4I
1. Counter-C4I
2. C4I-Protection
B) Five Pillars of C4I Warfare
1. Operations Security (OPSEC)
2. Military Deception (MILDEC)
3. Psychological Operations (PSYOPS)
4. Physical Destruction
5. Electronic Warfare (EW)
III. Divisions of Electronic Warfare
A) Electronic Attack
1. Jamming
2. Deception
-Manipulative Deception
-Simulative Deception
-Imitative Deception
B) Electronic Support (ES)
1. Frequency
2. PCR (Pulse Repetition Rate)
3. Pulse Width
4. Scan-type and rate
C) Electronic Protection (EP)
1. Anti-EA Measures
2. Anti-ES Measures
-Tactical evasion
-Emissions Control (EMCON)
IV. Integrated Intelligence Support
1. Developing and maintaining data bases in sufficient detail to support C4I in geographic areas of potential conflict
2. Identifying critical C4I nodes, links sensors of potentially hostile nations
3. Assessing capabilities, limitations, vulnerabilities of potentially C4I targets
4. Identifying the key political and military leaders in potentially hostile nations, including psychological profiles of leaders to support the PSYOP element of C4I
5. Estimating hostile counter-C4I capabilities to assist in determining the vulnerability of U.S. C4I capabilities and the impact on U.S. and friendly military operations.
6. Providing accurate direction finding information on pulsed and continuous wave signals
7. Supporting BDAs
V. Signals Intelligence (SIGINT)
1. Communications Intelligence (COMINT)
2. Electronics Intelligence (ELINT)
***THE END***
(UNTIL NEXT SEMESTER)
Much of this was done due to 4/C Mercy Pattawi, thanks to her weekly summaries.
