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                                         Paul Simon (Simon & garfunkel)

 
b. Paul Frederic Simon, 13 October 1941, Newark, New Jersey, USA. Simon first entered the music business with partner Art Garfunkel in the duo Tom And Jerry . In 1957, they scored a US hit with the rock 'n' roll influenced "Hey, Schoolgirl". After one album, they split up in order to return to college. Although Simon briefly worked with Carole King recording demonstration discs for minor acts, he did not record again until the early 60s. Employing various pseudonyms, Simon enjoyed a couple of minor US hits during 1962-63 as Tico And The Triumphs ("Motorcycle") and Jerry Landis ("The Lone Teen-Ranger"). After moving to Europe in 1964, Simon busked in Paris and appeared at various folk clubs in London. Upon returning to New York, he was signed to CBS Records by producer Tom Wilson and reunited with his erstwhile partner Garfunkel. Their 1964 recording Wednesday Morning, 3AM , which included "The Sound Of Silence" initially failed to sell, prompting Simon to return to London. While there, he made The Paul Simon Songbook , a solo work, recorded on one microphone with the astonishingly low budget of £60. Among its contents were several of Simon's most well-known compositions, including "I Am A Rock", "A Most Peculiar Man" and "Kathy's Song". The album was virtually ignored until Tom Wilson altered Simon's artistic stature overnight. Back in the USA, the producer grafted electric instrumentation on to Simon And Garfunkel 's acoustic recording of "Sound Of Silence", renamed it "The Sounds Of Silence", and created a folk-rock classic that soared to the top of the US charts. Between 1965 and 1970, Simon And Garfunkel became one of the most successful recording duos in the history of popular music. The partnership ended amid musical disagreements and a realization that they had grown apart.

After the break-up, Simon took songwriting classes in New York and prepared a stylistically diverse solo album, Paul Simon . The work incorporated elements of Latin, reggae and jazz and spawned the hit singles "Mother And Child Reunion" and "Me And Julio Down By The Schoolyard'. One year later, Simon returned with the much more commercial There Goes Rhymin" Simon which enjoyed massive chart success and included two major hits, "Kodachrome" and "Take Me To The Mardi Gras'. A highly successful tour resulted in Paul Simon In Concert: Live Rhymin" , which featured several Simon And Garfunkel standards. This flurry of creativity in 1975 culminated in the chart-topping Still Crazy After All These Years which generated two Grammy Awards (Album Of The Year and Best Male Pop Vocal Performance). The wry "50 Ways To Leave Your Lover", taken from the album, provided Simon with his first US number 1 single as a soloist, while "My Little Town" featured a tantalizing duet with Garfunkel. A five-year hiatus followed during which Simon took stock of his career. He appeared briefly in Woody Allen's movie Annie Hall , recorded a hit single with Garfunkel and James Taylor ("(What A) Wonderful World"), released a greatest hits package featuring two new tracks, including the hit single "Slip Slidin' Away', and switched labels from CBS Records to Warner Brothers Records . In 1980, he released the ambitious One-Trick Pony , from his movie of the same name. The movie included cameo appearances by the Lovin" Spoonful and Tiny Tim but was not particularly well-received even though it was far more literate than most "rock-related" projects. In the wake of that project, Simon suffered a long period of writer's block, which was to delay the recording of his next album.

Meanwhile, a double-album live reunion of Simon And Garfunkel recorded in Central Park was issued and sold extremely well. It was intended to preview a studio reunion, but the sessions were subsequently scrapped. Instead, Simon concentrated on his next album, which finally emerged in 1983 as Hearts And Bones . An intense and underrated effort, it sold poorly despite its evocative hit single "The Late Great Johnny Ace" (dedicated to both the doomed 50s star and the assassinated John Lennon ). Simon was dismayed by the album's lack of commercial success and critics felt that he was in a creative rut. That situation altered during 1984 when Simon was introduced to the enlivening music of the South African black townships. After an appearance at the celebrated USA For Africa recording of "We Are The World', Simon immersed himself in the music of the Dark Continent. Graceland was one of the most intriguing and commercially successful albums of the decade with Simon utilizing musical contributions from Ladysmith Black Mambazo , Los Lobos , Linda Ronstadt and Rockin" Dopsie . The project and subsequent tour was bathed in controversy due to accusations (misconceived according to the United Nations Anti-Apartheid Committee) that Simon had broken the cultural boycott against South Africa.

The success of the album in combining contrasting cross-cultural musical heritages was typical of a performer who had already incorporated folk, R&B, calypso and blues into his earlier repertoire. The album spawned several notable hits, "The Boy In The Bubble" (with its technological imagery), "You Can Call Me Al" (inspired by an amusing case of mistaken identity) and "Graceland" (an oblique homage to Elvis Presley 's Memphis home). Although Graceland seemed a near impossible work to follow up, Simon continued his pan-cultural investigations with The Rhythm Of The Saints , which incorporated African and Brazilian musical elements. He married Edie Brickell in 1994. Simon then began work on his ambitious Broadway musical The Capeman , based on the true story of Salvador Agron, a Puerto Rican gang member imprisoned for his part in the murder of two white teenagers in New York in 1959. Despite collaborating with poet Derek Walcott and Broadway veterans Jerry Zaks and Joey McKneely, The Capeman was withdrawn on 28 March 1998 after 59 previews and only 68 regular performances following savage reviews and protests from the surviving relatives of Agron's victims. Simon and his fellow investors were reported to have lost a record $11 million. The singer retreated to the studio to work on his first album in 10 years, You're The One . On this album, Simon's song structures are similar to most of his familiar western-oriented songs (unlike Graceland , which was African in form). The change in feel was noticeable, and the influence of musicians from a different continent playing traditional western instruments was considerable in shaping the album. Notable contributions are made by Vincent Nguini (guitar) and Bakithi Kumalo (bass).