ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
Untitled
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION OF VEGETATION
STAGE: DRY-LAND SUCCESSION : OPEN WATER OR SATURATED SOIL
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: : Open water or saturated soil
1. : Rock, lava, bare soil : (new ponds, islands, reservoirs)
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: :
2. : Lichens, Cyanobacteria : Submerged vegetation
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: : Floating vegetation
3. : : (Water lilies, duckweed)
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: : Emergent vegetation
4. : Mosses, annual grasses : (Cattails, Bulrushes, Arrowweed)
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: Grasses : Mixed grasses
5. : Goldenrods, Asters : Sedges (triangular stems)
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: Mixed herbaceous: : Mixed herbaceous:
6. : all of the types above + : all of the types above +
: Queen Anne's lace, Dew- : Joe Pye weed, Boneset, and
: berry, Cinquefoil : other large perennials
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: Shrub stage: : Shrub stage:
7. : Hawthorne, Carolina rose,: Elderberry, Red-stem Dogwood,
: Staghorn sumac, Dogwood : Willows, Alder
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: INTOLERANT trees: : INTOLERANT trees:
8. : Cherry, Aspen (Poplar), : Aspen (Poplar), Willow, Elm,
: White Pine, Jack Pine, : Ash, White Pine
: Grey Birch :
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: MEDIUM TOLERANT trees: : MEDIUM TOLERANT trees:
9. : Elm, Oak, White Pine, : Elm, Hickory, White Ash, Yellow
: Yellow Birch : Birch, White Pine, Red Maple
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: TOLERANT trees: Basswood,: TOLERANT trees: Basswood,
10. : Hemlock, Yellow Birch, : Hemlock, Yellow Birch,
: Sugar Maple, Beech : Sugar Maple, Beech
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Vegetation typical of the northeastern United States.