TOPIC 2 and EXTENSION A OBJECTIVES
MINERALS AND ROCKS
1. Define the term rock in terms of minerals.
2. Identify the physical properties by which minerals may most often be identified.
3. Given a mineral identification key, determine the physical properties of a mineral and its identity by name.
4E. Identify some minerals using chemical properties.
5E. Identify the name and be able to construct or draw the model of the silicon, oxygen structural unit in silicates.
6E a. Determine the most abundant element in Earth materials, and its percentage by mass and volume, according to the Earth Science Reference Tables (ESRT).
b. Determine the second most abundant element in earth materials, and its percentage by mass, according to the ESRT.
7E. Identify what causes minerals to have different physical properties even though most are made up of similar elements.
8. Describe the formation of an igneous rock.
9. Account for the differences between intrusive and extrusive igneous rock.
10E. Using the Scheme for Igneous Rock Identification Table from the ESRT:
a. Examine and categorize rocks given their mineral composition, texture, density and color.
b. Given the name of an igneous rock, deduce its mineral composition, texture, and color.
11E. Describe the formation of an igneous intrusion and extrusion.
12E. Define felsic and mafic igneous rocks as to their density, color, composition, and place of occurrence.
13. Describe the formation of clastic sedimentary rocks which gives them their properties.
14E. Using the ESRT, examine and identify clastic sedimentary rocks based on their texture, grain size, and composition.
15E. Describe the process by which organic and chemical sedimentary rocks are formed and their properties.
16. Using the ESRT, examine and identify nonclastic sedimentary rocks according to their grain size, composition, and method of formation.
17. Describe the formation of metamorphic rock.
18. Using the ESRT, examine and identify metamorphic rock according to texture, grain size, composition, and type of metamorphism.
19E. Compare and contrast metamorphic rock with its parent rock.
20E. Describe how one parent rock may form a variety of metamorphic rocks depending on the type and degree of metamorphism.
21E a. Define contact metamorphism.
b. Define regional metamorphism.
22. Given rock samples be able to select a sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rock based on their distinguishing characteristics.
23. Explain why fossils are found mainly in sedimentary rock.
24. Using the Rock Cycle Diagram from the ESRT, identify the changes that must occur for one rock type to change into another rock.
25. Identify regions of the United States where sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rock would most likely be found. Indicate which rock type covers most of the Earth's surface.
26. Using the Generalized Bedrock Geology of NYS Map in the ESRT, identify locations where sedimentary and non-sedimentary rocks are found at the surface.
27E. Describe the formation of fossil fuels and their importance to the global economy.
28E. Discuss the implications of the uneven distribution and the control of oil and mineral resources.
