Even though the Sapphire is a prized gem, it is chemically identical to the abrasive on fine emery paper. That is because a Sapphire, (as well as a Ruby), is composed of corundum. The difference between a ruby and an abrasive is in the crystalline form.
The ancient Persians believed that the blue of the sky was the reflection of a giant Sapphire upon which the earth rested. Kings and royalty wore Sapphire to protect them from harm. In addition, since the rays of a Sapphire were supposed to kill poisonous snakes, they were thought to be proof against poison. The Sapphire, besides protecting from harm, was supposed to attract the favor of the gods, while protecting the wearer from the envy of their peers. The word Sapphire comes from the word "Sappheiros" which is Greek for "blue." By far the most common color for a Sapphire is blue. However corundum comes in many colors which range from nearly transparent to opaque black.
In most gems inclusions reduce the value of a particular stone. However, with Sapphires, there are some inclusions which increase the value because of what they do to light when it moves through the stone. There are long, rod shaped inclusions known as Rutile needles cause some polished Sapphires to exhibit asterism, or the appearance of a star of 4, 6, or even 12 rays that moves around the stone as it is rotated. These stars may be more or less pronounced depending upon the concentration of Rutile needles in that particular stone. Another effect seen in Sapphires is called "cats eye", where a band of bright color is reflected along the midline of the stone. This is rare, and so cats eye Sapphires are somewhat more expensive.
Besides as a beautiful jewelry stone, Sapphires have value as abrasives. Since only diamonds are harder, Sapphires can be used to wear down, or abrade, other materials. Emery paper and garnet paper are examples of the stones being used in this manner. Most commercial Sapphires are man made, and
the art is well advanced. Companies can create Sapphires of varying sizes to provide uniform grit for abrasive uses. One of the more interesting uses for synthetic Sapphire is the crystal of the Rolex® Submariner watch. Since the Sapphire is so hard, the crystal of a Submariner won't be scratched by anything but a diamond.
Gwen's Glorious Gemstone Gallery
231 Lee Street
Emporia, VA
23847
733-436-7829
Come visit, you won't be disappointed!
