ÿþ<html> <head> <TITLE>Abstracts of papers presented at the International Workshop on "Traces of the Ancient European Past" held October 10 - 11, 2003 in Ljubljana, Slovenia</TITLE> <META NAME="author" CONTENT="Gary L. Gorsha"> <META NAME="description" CONTENT="Abstracts of papers presented at the International Workshop on "Traces of the Ancient European Past" held October 10 - 11, 2003 in Ljubljana, Slovenia"> <META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="Veneti, runes, runica, alphabet, inscription, base ten, base five, map, prehistory, prehistoric, globality, Slavic tribes, religion, linguistic, Devoto, Pauli, Paulus, St. Eusebius, Lobyanci, Pannonia, Phrygian, Este, Basque, Slav, Gaul, Gallia, Mars, Verona, Vuga, Choudinov, Toma~i , Tomezzoli, Ambrozic, Jandá ek, Kebe, Meako, Vodopivec, Sever, Nik evi, Tomas, Gorae, Gorsha"> </head> <body background="images/parchment.JPG"> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <H3 ALIGN=CENTER>International Workshop</H3> <H1 ALIGN=CENTER> Traces of the Ancient European Past  </H1> <H4 ALIGN=CENTER>Ljubljana, 10.  11. October, 2003</H4> <H2 ALIGN=CENTER></H2><BR><BR> <H1 ALIGN=CENTER>A B S T R A C T S</H1> <HR> <P ALIGN=CENTER>Page Created: November 25, 2003<BR> Last Updated: December 7, 2003<BR> ©Copyright 2003 Gary L. Gorsha</P> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>TABLE OF CONTENTS</B></P> <P> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP1E">GIACOMO DEVOTO  VENETI IN PANNONIA</A> by Lucijan Vuga <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP1S">GIACOMO DEVOTO  VENETI V PANONIJI</A> ob Lucijan Vuga<BR> <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP2E">RUNIC WRITING AND ALPHABET WRITING</A> by Valery A. Choudinov <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP2S">RUNICA IN RKOVNE PISAVE</A> ob Valery A. Choudinov<BR> <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP3E">THE INSCRIPTION PAULI No. 39</A> by Ivan Toma~i , Giancarlo Tomezzoli <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP3S">NAPIS PAULI No. 39</A> ob Ivan Toma~i  and Giancarlo Tomezzoli<BR> <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP4E">SOME PHRYGIAN INSCRIPTIONS</A> by A. Ambrozic <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP4S">NEKAJ FRIGIJSKIH NAPISOV</A> ob A. Ambrozic<BR> <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP5E">THE "TAVOLA DA ESTE" INSCRIPTION</A> by A. Ambrozic and G. Tomezzoli <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP5S">NAPIS "TAVOLA DA ESTE"</A> ob A. Ambrozic in G. Tomezzoli<BR> <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP6E"><I>BASE TEN</I> COUNTING AS THE EXTENSION OF THE ARCHETYPICAL <I>BASE FIVE</I> SYSTEM OF BASQUES AND SLAVS</A> by Petr Jandá ek <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP6S">`TETJE NA <I>DESETI`KI</I> OSNOVI KOT PODALJ`EK `TETJA NA <I>PETI`KI</I> OSNOVI PRI BASKIH IN SLOVANIH</A> ob Petr Jandá ek<BR> <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP7E">THE SLAVIC TRIBES ON THE ST. EUSEBIUS MAP</A> by Valery Choudinov <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP7S">SLOVANSKA PLEMENA NA ZEMLJEVIDU SV. EVZEBIJA</A> ob Valery Choudinov<BR> <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP8E">ANTIQUE MAPS OF GALLIA</A> by Dimitrij Kebe <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP8S">ANTI NI ZEMLJEVIDI GALIJE</A> ob Dimitrij Kebe<BR> <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP9E">PREHISTORIC GLOBALITY?</A> by Bogdan Kriatofer Meako <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP9S">PRAGLOBALNOST ?</A> ob Bogdan Kriatofer Meako<BR> <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP10E">ROOTS OF THE WESTERN AND SOUTHERN SLAVS</A> by V. Vodopivec <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP10S">KORENINE ZAHODNIH IN JU}NIH SLOVANOV</A> ob V. Vodopivec<BR> <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP11E">RELIGION OF THE ANCIENT LATOBICI</A> by Leopold Sever <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP11S">VEROVANJA STARIH LOBJANCEV</A> ob Leopold Sever<BR> <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP12E">AN ETHNOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE VENETI</A> by Vojislav P. Nik evi <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP12S">VENETI U JEDNOJ ETNOLO`KOJ INTERPRETACIJI</A> ob Vojislav P. Nik evi<BR> <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP13E">A CRITICSM OF A MONOGENETIC (MONOCENTRIC) ETHNIC AND LINGUISTIC APPROACH (Linguist Fran Ramova as neo-grammarian)</A> by Vojislav P. Nik evi  <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP13S">KRITIKA MONOGENETSKOGA (MONOCENTRI NOG) ETNI KOGA I JEZI KOG PRISTUPA - Fran Ramova kao mladogramati ar</A> ob Vojislav P. Nik evi <BR> <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP14E">THE ORIGINAL MEANING AND ATTRIBUTES OF THE ROMAN GOD MARS</A> by Eric Tomas <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP14S">STARORIMSKI BOG MARS, NJEGOV PRVOTEN POMEN IN VZDEVKI</A> ob Eric Tomas<BR> <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP15E">COMPARISON OF READINGS OF INSCRIPTION ON THE SWORD OF VERONA</A> by Vinko Vodopivec <BR> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <A HREF="TracesPast.html#TAEP15S">PRIMERJAVA BRANJ NAPISA NA ME U IZ VERONE</A> ob Vinko Vodopivec<BR> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>THE ABSTRACTS</B></P> <A NAME="TAEP1E"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>GIACOMO DEVOTO  VENETI IN PANNONIA</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Lucijan Vuga</B></P> <P>Linguists <B>Lejeune, Devoto</B> and <B>Pellegrini-Prosdocimi</B> (the last two published the famous <U>Lingua Venetica</U>; and incidentally, Prosdocimi obtained his Ph.D. under Devoto) represent a coherent group, which defends the theory of the Panonian origin of the Venetic people. &nbsp;Devoto recognizes distinct lexical Indoeuropean groups already in 2nd millenium B.C.</P> <P>We have some conflicting historical data about Veneti. &nbsp;However, Italian etymologist Giacomo Devoto (<U>Dizionario etimologico</U>, Felice Le Monier Ed., Firenze, 1968; map I) states that in the 2nd millenium B.C., Veneti, together with Protolatinians, lived in Pannonia north of the Danube, and from there moved southward into Italy. &nbsp;Their neighbors to the east were a small group of Thracians, and close to them Slavs. &nbsp;Such a theory supposed quite clearly the formation of ethnic groups already in the 2nd millenium B.C. &nbsp;But taking into account the theory of continuity (TC), Mario Alinei states that Slavs were spread over the whole Balkan peninsula, and westward in the eastern Alps already during the Neolithic period. &nbsp;Why did Devoto posit Venetic migration from Panonia to Italy in the 2nd millenium B.C.?; according to the TC this necessarily lead through the Slavic settled territory, which could not have happened without a considerable impact on the language. &nbsp;However, considering all the facts, the theory of continuity is much more acceptable, stating that settlement stability and prevalent cultural exchanges were more relevant in influencing ethnic development. &nbsp;Veneti were living in a wide area of Europe far earlier and in close proximity or, from my mind, in unity with Slavs. &nbsp;This can also be derived from Devoto's (and other's) statements concerning the location of distinct Indo-European languages in Europe during the 2nd millenium B.C. or Neolithic period.</P> <A NAME="TAEP1S"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>GIACOMO DEVOTO  VENETI V PANONIJI</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Lucijan Vuga</B></P> <P>Jezikoslovci <B>Lejeune, Devoto</B> in <B>Pellegrini-Prosdocimi</B> (zadnja dva sta izdala slove o knjigo <U>Lingua venetica</U>; in mimogrede, Prosdocimi je doktoriral pri Devotu) predstavljajo usklajeno skupino, ki zagovarja teorijo panonskega izvora Venetov. Devoto jasno razlo uje razli ne indoevropske jezikovne skupine ~e v 2. tiso letju pr.n.at.</P> <P>Imamo nekaj nasprotujo ih si zgodovinskih podatkov o Venetih. Vendar italijanski etimolog Giacomo Devoto (<U>Dizionario etimologico</U>, Felice Le Monier Ed., Firenze, 1968; map I) meni, da so Veneti v 2. tiso letju pr.n.at. (skupaj s Protolatinci) ~iveli v Panoniji, severno od Donave, od tam so se premaknili na jug, v Italijo. Njihovi vzhodni sosedje so bili ne prav atevilni Tra ani, ob teh pa so bili ~e Slovani. Takana teorija predpostavlja jasno izoblikovanje etni nih skupin ~e v 2. tiso letju pr.n.at. Toda e upoatevamo teorijo kontinuitete (TK), Mario Alinei meni, da so Slovani ~iveli po vsem Balkanu ter zahodneje v Vzhodnih Alpah ~e v neolitiku. Devoto predpostavlja venetsko migracijo iz Panonije (zakaj?) v Italijo v 2. tiso letju pr.n.at., skladno s TK to vodi neposredno skozi ozemlje poseljeno s Slovani, kar se ni moglo zgoditi brez znatnejaega vpliva tudi na jezik. O itno je ob upoatevanju vseh dejstev veliko verjetnejaa teorija kontinuitete, da je obstajala pomembna naselitvena stabilnost in je prete~no kulturna izmenjava vplivala na razvoj etnosov. Veneti so bili ~e zelo zgodaj na razse~nem prostoru Evrope v tesnem sosedstvu, ali po mojem mnenju, v skupnosti s Slovani. To konsekventno sledi tudi iz Devotovih (in drugih) stalia , o razporeditvi lo enih indoevropskih jezikov v Evropi.</P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c&</B></P> <A NAME="TAEP2E"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>RUNIC WRITING AND ALPHABET WRITING</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>V. A. Choudinov</B></P> <P>Slavic syllabic writing or runica is introduced. &nbsp;Examples of the use of runica, a short history of its decipherment, and the syllabary is given. &nbsp;On the basis of runica and Cyrillic script interaction, the period during which the change from syllabic to alphabetic writing resulted is estimated. &nbsp;Also presented is the hypothesis about the quality of the process of transition for every change from runica to ethnic alphabet writing. &nbsp;The coexistence of runica with Glagolitic, Greek and Latin writing is shown for some examples. &nbsp;Finally, some runica inscriptions on the artifacts from Noricum and the Venetian regions were read, on a coin, armor and a helmet.</P> <A NAME="TAEP2S"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>RUNICA IN RKOVNE PISAVE</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>V. A. Choudinov</B></P> <P>Predstavljena je slovanska zlogovna pisava runica, primeri njene rabe, kratka zgodovina razvozlavanja in zlogovnik. &nbsp;Na podlagi soobstoja runice in cirilice je ocenjeno obdobje v katerem je prialo do prehoda z zlogovne pisave na rkovno. &nbsp;Predstavljena bo hipoteza, ki osvetljuje kvaliteto transformacijskega procesa pri vsaki spremembi runice glede na pisavo dolo ene etnije. &nbsp;V nekaterih primerih je vidno tudi soobstajanje runice z glagolico, latinico in grako pisavo. &nbsp;Predstavljeno je branje nekaterih napisov v runici na predmetih iz Norika in Bene ije, n. pr na kovancu, oklepu in eladi.</P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c&</B></P> <A NAME="TAEP3E"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>THE INSCRIPTION PAULI No. 39</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Ivan Toma~i , Giancarlo Tomezzoli</B></P> <P>C. Pauli wrote concisely in German: &nbsp;"39. Inscription on a small dish, found near Verona." &nbsp;He provides the layout of the inscription, the spelling: &nbsp;KOLIVETU, but he does not provide a translation of the inscription.</P> <P>J. Rhys in dealing with the inscription provides the spelling: &nbsp;KOLIUETU. He sets out that the first four signs from the right of the inscription would represent the word: &nbsp;KOLI which, on the basis of the English, and other Celtic languages would mean holly, and that the further signs would represent the word: &nbsp;UIEDU which on the basis of the Irish, the Welsh and the Breton means wood, tree. &nbsp;Rhys concludes that the idea conveyed by said words is a name or nickname of a man, who would be armed at every point, like the holly.</P> <P>J. Wathmough provides for the inscription the spelling: &nbsp;KOLZI * ETU, and concludes that the alphabet of the inscription is mixed, and that the punctuation dot would indicate some connection of the inscription with the Magré group of inscriptions rather than a connection with the Lepontic inscriptions.</P> <P>M. Bor observed that: &nbsp; Punctuation was used in many cases to better differentiate two letters from one another, or simply as a form of decoration . &nbsp;Bor used similarities with the Slovenian and other old and modern Slavic languages to translate Venetic, Etruscan and Rhaethian (Magré) inscriptions.</P> <P><I>Interpretation of</I> I. Toma~i :</P> <P>Reading the inscription from right to left, considering the fourth, fifth and sixth sign, each representing the letter I, it is possible to arrive at the word KOLIIIETU, which can be interpreted as follows: &nbsp;KOLIJ JE TU and give: &nbsp;Plant the grapevines, the time is here (i.e., has arrived).</P> <P><I>Interpretation of</I> G. Tomezzoli:</P> <P>Reading the inscription from right to left, considering the fourth and fifth signs II as forming the letter Y (yod) and observing that the sixth sign, because of its inclined top and bottom portions, represents the letter S, it is possible to arrive at the word: &nbsp;KOLYSETU, which can be interpreted as follows: &nbsp;KOLYS E TU and give: &nbsp;The pungency is here (i.e., connected with the substance inside the dish).</P> <P>In the first case the inscription is an invitation to start an agricultural chore, in the second case the inscription is a warning informing the user about the kind of content inside the dish.</P> <P>In any case, the writer of the inscription belonged to an ancient people whose language was closer to the Slavic languages than to the Latin, Italic Celtic or Saxon languages.</P> <A NAME="TAEP3S"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>NAPIS PAULI No. 39</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Ivan Toma~i , Giancarlo Tomezzoli</B></P> <P>C. Pauli je napisal na kratko po nemako: &nbsp; 39. &nbsp;Napis na posodici, najdeni blizu Verone. &nbsp;Predstavil je napis, njegovo pre rkovanje: &nbsp;KOLIVETU, ni ga pa prevedel. &nbsp;Toma~i  ga pre rkuje kot KOLIIIETU, bere kot KOLIJ JE TU in prevede v: &nbsp;POSADI TRTO, AS JE. &nbsp;Tomezzoli ga pre rkuje kot KOLYSETU, bere kot KOLYS E TU in prevede kot: &nbsp;TU JE OSTRA ZA IMBA. &nbsp;V prvem primeru bi napis vabil k delu, v drugem pa opozarjal na vsebino v posodici. &nbsp;Vsekakor je pisec napisa pripadal nekdanjemu ljudstvu, katerega jezik je bil bli~e slovana inikot latina ini, itala inam, kelta inam ali saa inam.</P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c&</B></P> <A NAME="TAEP4E"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>SOME PHRYGIAN INSCRIPTIONS</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>A. Ambrozic</B></P> <P>Phrygian inscriptions W-010, W-01b, P-05, G-02, and B-01 are presented, along with their transcription, division into words, and translation into Slovenian and English.</P> <A NAME="TAEP4S"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>NEKAJ FRIGIJSKIH NAPISOV</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>A. Ambrozic</B></P> <P>Predstavljeni so frigijski napisi z oznakami W-010, W-01b, P-05, G-02 in B-01, njihov prepis, delitev v besede in prevod.</P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c&</B></P> <A NAME="TAEP5E"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>THE "TAVOLA DA ESTE" INSCRIPTION</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>A. Ambrozic, G. Tomezzoli</B></P> <P>As far as can be understood, the meaning of this rather incomplete inscription appears to point away from a contractual form or a juridical regulation as suggested by Prof. A. Marinetti. &nbsp;The inscription appears rather to address religious regulations or invocations mixed in an epic poem probably directed at a specific group of persons: &nbsp;either seafarers, or a family or a tribe of the Venetic people.</P> <A NAME="TAEP5S"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>NAPIS "TAVOLA DA ESTE"</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>A. Ambrozic, G. Tomezzoli</B></P> <P>Kolikor je mogo e razumeti nepopolni napis, pomen napisa ka~e, da to ni pogodba ali pravni akt, kakor predlaga prof. A. Marinetti. &nbsp;Napis bolj verjetno daje verska navodila ali zaklinjanja pomeaana v epski pesmi, namenjeni posebni skupini ljudi: &nbsp;ali pomora akom ali dru~ini ali rodu venetskih ljudi.</P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c&</B></P> <A NAME="TAEP6E"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B><I>BASE TEN</I> COUNTING AS THE EXTENSION OF<BR>THE ARCHETYPICAL <I>BASE FIVE</I> SYSTEM OF BASQUES AND SLAVS</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Petr Jandá ek</B></P> <P>The Basque and Slavic words for  FIVE are derived from their words for <I> hand </I> or <I> fist </I>. &nbsp;Their words for  SIX contain the vestigial feature of <I> with </I>. &nbsp;Both the Basque and Slavic words for  SEVEN actually mean <I> with two more </I>. &nbsp;Numerals beyond <I>four</I> in non-Slav Indo-European languages have lost the sense of etymology derived from this manual and digital concept. &nbsp;While the RHYME and REASON for naming numerals is preserved in Slavic only, the phonemic structure of the numerals has been largely maintained in all Indo-European languages without the speakers understanding of the etymology. &nbsp;Thus, deep within the common <I>Base Ten</I> counting system is the archetypical Basque and Slavic <I>Base Five</I> arithmetic arrangement.</P> <A NAME="TAEP6S"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>`TETJE NA <I>DESETI`KI</I> OSNOVI KOT PODALJ`EK<BR>`TETJA NA <I>PETI`KI</I> OSNOVI PRI BASKIH IN SLOVANIH</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Petr Jandá ek</B></P> <P>Baskovske in slovanske besede za atevilo 5 (PET) izhajajo iz besed kot sta ROKA in PEST. &nbsp;Besede za atevilo 6 (`EST) imajo ostanke besed S ali SE in PEST. &nbsp;Baskovske in slovanske besede za atevilo 7 (SEDEM) dejansko pomenijo `E DVA (ali DVA VE ). &nbsp;`tevila viaja od 4 (`TIRI) izpeljana iz osnovnih pojmov v zvezi z roko in prsti so izgubila besedotvorni pomen v vseh indoevropskih jezikih, razen v slovanskih. &nbsp; eprav se tega ljudje na sploano ne zavedajo, sta v slovanskih jezikih ohranjena tako rima kot razlog za poimenovanje atevil, medtem ko so pri atetju v drugih indo-evropskih jezikih ohranjene samo glasovne prvine jezika. &nbsp;V sedanjem atetju po desetiakem sistemu je pri Baskih in Slovanih skrit prvotni na in atetja na osnovi atevila PET.</P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c&</B></P> <A NAME="TAEP7E"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>THE SLAVIC TRIBES ON THE ST. EUSEBIUS MAP</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Valery Choudinov</B></P> <P>The St. Eusebius map (circa 330 AD) found by German historian K. Miller is shown. &nbsp;The Latin names of Slavic tribes written in Latin script, as well as in Russian written in runica script were read and interpreted. &nbsp;This map was combined with the modern archaeological map of Slavic cultures to see the location of nine Slavic tribes. &nbsp;Now we can see the Slavic tribes' names and their location on the map of Eastern Europe as early as in the Late Antiquity. &nbsp;It is the first Slavic Eastern Europe map of such type.</P> <A NAME="TAEP7S"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>SLOVANSKA PLEMENA NA ZEMLJEVIDU SV. EVZEBIJA</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Valery Choudinov</B></P> <P>Zemljevid sv. Evzebija (okoli 330 po Kr.) je naael nemaki zgodovinar K. Miller. &nbsp;Prebrana in razlo~ena so imena slovanskih plemen v latina ini, pisana v latinici, in v rua ini, pisana z runico. &nbsp;Ta zemljevid je prerisan na sodoben arheoloaki zemljevid slovanskih kultur, da bi videli dejansko lego 9 slovanskih plemen. &nbsp;Sedaj lahko vidimo, kje so bila v vzhodni Evropi slovanska plemena v pozni antiki. &nbsp;To je prvi tak slovanski zemljevid vzhodne Evrope.</P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c&</B></P> <A NAME="TAEP8E"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>ANTIQUE MAPS OF GALLIA</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Dimitrij Kebe</B></P> <P>A survey of antique maps related to ancient Gallia, the Veneti and other ancient populations of Europe are presented. &nbsp;The maps show us the situation in the time of Julius Caesar and up to the present.</P> <A NAME="TAEP8S"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>ANTI NI ZEMLJEVIDI GALIJE</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Dimitrij Kebe</B></P> <P>Geografski prikaz in pregled starih zemljevidov, ki se nanaaajo na Venete in staroselce Evrope. &nbsp;Zemljevidi prikazujejo stanje v asu Julija Cezarja in vse do danes.</P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c&</B></P> <A NAME="TAEP9E"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>PREHISTORIC GLOBALITY ?</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Bogdan Kriatofer Meako</B></P> <P>The technology of fire has been known to the human race for approximately one million years. &nbsp;Despite the great age of human memory and the fact that people in many places, including some places in our own country of Slovenia, lived even less than 100 years ago, almost the same way as during the neolithic, we are witnessing in the last century the mass extinction of pre-historic and historic traditions all over the world. &nbsp;This can be attributed to the so-called  technological progress e.g., discovery of fossil, electric and nuclear energy, invention of new materials, global communications and mass media, mass computerization and genetic manipulations, all based on the unstoppable, conquering march of modern science. &nbsp;The triumph of science with its deterministic approach, methods, experiments and calculations depreciated and humiliated all ancient mythic descriptions and perceptions of the world. &nbsp;This depreciation can only be compared with the expansion of Christianity in Europe of the Middle Ages, which in a similar way absorbed or destroyed most of the pagan traditions and myths; or with a similar revolution occurring at the end of the neolithic period triggered by the invention of metallurgy, when people, due to the technical advantage and superiority of new materials and technology, lost interest in preserving the old knowledge accumulated and mediated by their ancestors for thousands of years. &nbsp;According to history, massive migrations of peoples occurring during both revolutionary periods can be attributed to the break from and the loss of traditions.</P> <P>The negligence of the comparative history and rather narrow view of our own tradition stimulates the feeling of a basic diversity of different nationalities, despite and in contrast to the 'melting pot' processes of contemporary globalization. &nbsp;This is evident in particular in the field of linguistics. &nbsp;One should just compare the point of view of our distinguished historian Valvasor, quoting that Slovenian is spoken from the Alps down to Japan, with the present distinction between the Serb and Croat language or with the slovenistic purification of all  foreign or even  foreign sounding words ( with the exception of Latin or Greek). &nbsp;But this is not only valid for just the Slavic languages. &nbsp;The designations as Germanic, Roman, Slavic, Semitic etc. by themselves pose virtually insurmountable barriers between the peoples. &nbsp;And this can hardly be based on some solid argument, in particular since we all are aware of the common origin of all Indo-Europeans. &nbsp;Further one could also infer the common origin of all peoples (and hence also of all the languages, as said by the Bible). &nbsp;After all, actually all living creatures , including plants, have their origin in the same primordial Ocean.</P> <P>The present paper on pre-historic globalization is an attempt to find a connection between the contemporary and ancient world on the basis of comparison between Slovenian words and words from ancient vocabularies (e.g., Cretan, Punic, Egyptian, Hetitic and Sanskrit languages). &nbsp;In addition, the quest for the spiritual horizon of ancient ancestors was oriented after the light cast from the deepest layers of our past by the almost universal legends and myths of ancient peoples as reflected also in Slovenian mythology.</P> <A NAME="TAEP9S"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>PRAGLOBALNOST ?<BR>Poskus osvetlitve slovenske etnogeneze s primerjalnim jezikoslovjem in bajeslovjem</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Bogdan Kriatofer Meako</B></P> <P>Ogenj pozna lovek ~e okrog milijona let. &nbsp;A eprav je loveaki spomin tako starodaven in so tudi pri nas ponekod ae pred manj kot sto leti ~iveli enako, kot v mlajai kameni dobi, prihaja v zadnjem stoletju po vsem svetu do tako mno~i nih prekinitev z izro ili, predvsem zaradi tehni nega napredka (elektrifikacije, uporabe fosilnih goriv, komunikologije in mno~i nih medijev), da je zmagoviti pohod znanosti zadnjih nekaj stoletij, ki je z meritvami in izra uni razvrednotila vse starodavne miti ne opise sveta, mo  primerjati tako s pohodom kra anstva v evropskem srednjem veku, ki je podobno zmagovito vsrkal ali prekinil mnoga poganska izro ila, kot s kovinsko revolucijo ob koncu mlajae kamene dobe, ko ljudje zaradi tehni nih prednosti novih tehnologij niso videli ve  toliko smisla v ohranjanju nespremenjenih izro il. Obema obdobjema zgodovina zaradi prekinitve izro il prisoja mno~i ne pohode novih ljudstev.</P> <P>Zanemarjanje primerjalne zgodovine in ozek pogled na lastna izro ila kljub taljenju v sodobno globalnost vzpodbuja ob utek temeljne druga nosti razli nih narodnih skupin, kar je ae posebej o itno na podro ju jezikoslovja. Primerjajmo le Valvazorjevo stalia e, da se slovenski jezik uporablja od Alp do Japonske, s sodobnim lo evanjem med srba ino in hrvaa ino, ali s slovenisti nim ia enjem vseh 'tuje' zvene ih besed (razen grako-latinskih). To pa ne velja le za slovanske jezike. }e same oznake germansko, romansko, slovansko, semitsko itn, postavljajo med ljudi lahko navidezno nepremostljive meje, eprav komaj utemeljene, saj vemo za skupen izvor vseh Indoevropejcev, sklepamo pa lahko tudi na skupen izvor vseh narodov loveake vrste (in tako tudi vseh jezikov, kot pravi izro ilo biblije), saj dejansko vse ~ivalstvo, tako kot tudi rastlinstvo, izvira iz enega in istega praoceana.</P> <P>Pri ujo i spis o praglobalnosti poskuaa najti prehod med sodobnim in med starodobnim svetom s pomo jo primerjave doma ih slovenskih besed z razli nimi starodobnimi besednjaki (kretsko, hetitsko, sanskrt, egip ansko, punsko) poleg tega pa se v svojem iskanju duhovnega obzorja starodobnega loveka ravna tako po ~arkih, ki jih s konca rova globoke preteklosti me ejo sredia ne pripovedi starodobnih narodov, kot po njihovih odsevih v slovenskem bajeslovju.</P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c&</B></P> <A NAME="TAEP10E"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>ROOTS OF THE WEST AND SOUTH SLAVS</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>V. Vodopivec</B></P> <P>Many theories have been put forward searching for the roots of Slavic peoples in the Danube basin (e.g., Vin a culture or Lepenski vir), in the Lusatian region (Urnfield culture), in the Afro-European area, or in the broader Mediterranean area (Adriatic and Paphlagonian Veneti), or in all these regions. &nbsp;The peoples were defined by their need to conform to the living conditions during and after the last glacial period which ended before 8000 B.C. &nbsp;The common original language began to differentiate only with the beginning of agriculture, and when the population began to be bound to the fertile cultivated farmland. &nbsp;This differentiation was further accelerated by the formation of small city states, which created boundaries and mutual competition between each other.</P> <A NAME="TAEP10S"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>KORENINE ZAHODNIH IN JU}NIH SLOVANOV</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>V. Vodopivec</B></P> <P>Korenine slovanskih narodov obravnava ve  teorij z izvori v donavskem bazenu (kultura Vin e in Lepenskega vira), v Lu~iakem bazenu (Kultura ~arnih grobia ), v Afroevropskem bazenu ali Sredozemlju (jadranski in paflagonski Veneti) ali na vseh navedenih mestih dokaj enakomerno. &nbsp;Ljudstva so se oblikovala skladno s pogoji ~ivljenja med in po zadnji poledenitvi, ki se kon uje nekako do leta 8000 pred Kristusom. &nbsp;Skupni prajezik se je za el mo neje razlikovati aele z za etkom poljedelstva, ko so bili ljudje bolj vezani na dobre obdelovalne povraine. &nbsp;Pospeaeno razlikovanje pa so vzpodbujale posamezne mestne dr~avice, ki so z zapiranjem in tekmovanjem tako razlikovanje mo no pospeaevale.</P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c&</B></P> <A NAME="TAEP11E"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>RELIGION OF THE ANCIENT LOBYANCI</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Leopold Sever</B></P> <P>Lobyanci or Lobici (Lobjanci, Lobiki) is a very old name for the inhabitants of the Western Lower Carniola (Dolenjska). &nbsp;The name was derived from the rounded hills, nowadays known as Lower Carniola hills (Dolenjsko gri evje). &nbsp;After the Roman occupation in the 1st century B.C., the new rulers gave them a Romanized name, Latobici.</P> <P>Before the Roman occupation, the Lobyanci were organized into communities (so-called 'zhupajevine' or 'shpajevine'), headed by leaders called shpan or zhupaj. &nbsp;In addition to their political and economic activities (agriculture, stockbreeding, particularly horse breeding, hunting, trading, iron mining and foundry working), they also developed two other efficiently organized systems: &nbsp;their defense (of the community) and their spiritual life. &nbsp;The center of their defensive system was fortified settlements, usually on hills (ancient forts) with a shpan village, which offered solid protection to the inhabitants of shpajevina and all their movable property in the case of an outside attack or plundering raid. &nbsp;The center of their spiritual life was the worshiping of nature which in this way developed a divine character. &nbsp;In the Lobyanci region, the predominant cult was the worship of water in all three of its aggregate states and in all its vital fluids. &nbsp;At that time it was called <B>muzha</B>, nowadays also called <B>mocha</B>. &nbsp;Since the muzha can be found in three aggregate states, it got a divine name  Trimozhje (originally Trimuzhjad). &nbsp;Our ancient ancestors erected many sanctuaries devoted to this aquatic deity which were also a destination of pilgrimage for the worshipers. &nbsp;A very well-known such sanctuary was in the contemporary village of `kocjan near Turjak. &nbsp;In Western Lower Carniola numerous names (hydronyms) for the worshiped waters are still preserved. &nbsp;These are famous streams <B>Trmozhniks</B> <B>Zdravshcheks</B>. &nbsp;Until recently, just before the Second World War, the Trmozhnik near the village of Draga was still frequently visited by the neighboring population just for drinking the healing water and for taking healing baths.</P> <P>The souls of the deceased Lobyanci departed after death to the »other, next world«, which meant to either the dark or the bright side of the Moon (e.g., in popular saying to be »beyond the Moon«). &nbsp;The worshipped stellar body acquired the divine name, <B>Reitija</B>, apparently due to the functional similarity to the common tool of farmers, the »rejta« (a riddle). &nbsp;According to the beliefs of the ancestors, the transfer of souls to the other world or vice versa was accomplished by the holy birds (big or small tice or ptice). &nbsp;The Moon or the holy Reitija reflected and spread the light during the night and hence was designated as <B>shajnata</B> (i.e., shining). &nbsp;With time the attribute »shajnat« was acquired by all who served this holy stellar body and which was where they could continue the post-mortem life. &nbsp;So along with the Shajnata Reitija, we know also of the existence of »Shajnato Trimozhje« and of »Shajnata Tica« (known in Slovenian ancient mythology also as Zhar Tica). &nbsp;All the deities important for life on this or the next world and designated as »shajnata« were worshiped by our ancient ancestors who donated and offered to them a ransom, called »toler«.</P> <P>The religious life of the old Slavic Lobyanci, ancestors of the present inhabitants of Western Lower Carniola left numerous and rather richly preserved traces. &nbsp;We can easily recognize them by carefully studying our living habits, our toponyms and onomastics of our vocabulary, and by observing and verifying nature, and by experiments. &nbsp;All the religious names for the worshipped nature have an onomatopoetic origin and possess a profound Slovenian sonority. &nbsp;During the very long period of formation of our ethnicity, Western Lower Carniola was rather isolated, without too many foreign influences and with rather small immigration. &nbsp;This can be a clue as to why the Lower Carniolan dialects are so rich on the preserved traces and proofs of our pre-historic period. &nbsp;The linguistic proofs of our relic and autochthonous existence in Central Europe become even more persuasive if one compares them with the existing archeological facts. &nbsp;Both of these proofs are in excellent agreement with the inscriptions written by the ancient Veneti over two thousand years ago.</P> <A NAME="TAEP11S"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>VEROVANJA STARIH LOBJANCEV</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Leopold Sever</B></P> <P>Lobjanci ali Lobiki je staro ime za prebivalce zahodne Dolenjske. &nbsp;Ime so dobili po prete~no zaobljenih (lobastih) vzpetinah, danes imenovanih Dolenjsko gri evje. &nbsp;Po rimski okupaciji so jim novi gospodarji ime romanizirali v Latobike. &nbsp;Pred rimsko zasedbo so bili Lobjanci organizirani v skupnosti imenovane apanovine ali ~upajevine pod vodstvom apanov in ~upajev.</P> <P>V okviru svojih »dr~avic« so poleg gospodarske dejavnosti (poljedelstvo, ~ivinoreja  posebej konjereja, lov, ~elezarstvo in trgovina) razvili dva u inkovita sistema: &nbsp;obrambnega in duhovnega. </P> <P>Sredia e obrambnega sistema so bila utrjena gradia a s apansko vasjo, kamor so se v nevarnih asih zatekli apajani z vsem premi nim imetjem in se postavili v bran plenilcem. </P> <P>Jedro duhovnosti je bilo aa enje narave, ki je s tem dobila bo~anski zna aj. &nbsp;Na Lobjanskem je prevladoval kult vode in vseh njenih ~ivljenjskih teko in. &nbsp;Tedaj so ji rekli <B>mu~a</B>, danes pa ji pravimo <B>mo a</B>. &nbsp;Ker se mu~a pojavlja v treh agregatnih stanjih, so jo po bo~je imenovali Trimo~je (izvirno Trimu~jad). &nbsp;Naai prazgodovinski predniki Lobjanci so vodnemu bo~anstvu postavljali tudi svetia a kamor so romali (prvotno (t)rumali) atevilni astilci. &nbsp;Najbolj znano svetia e je bilo v danaanjem `kocjanu pri Turjaku. &nbsp;Na dolenjskem zahodu se je obdr~alo ve  izvirnih imen za obo~evane vode. &nbsp;To so znameniti Trmo~niki in Zdrava ki. &nbsp;K Dra~anskemu Trmo~niku so okoli ani hodili po zdravje in vodo obredno astili vse do za etka druge svetovne vojne.</P> <P>Duae umrlih Lobjancev so po smrti odale na »oni svet«, to se pravi na svetlo in na temno stran lune (za luno). &nbsp;Po bo~je aa eno nebesno telo je zaradi ujemanja s poljedelsko rejto dobilo bo~ansko ime <B>Reitija</B>. &nbsp;Prenos dua s tega na oni svet in v obratni smeri, so po prepri anju prednamcev, opravile ptice (nekdaj velike in male tice).</P> <P>Luna, po bo~je Reitija, je airila (odbijala) svetlobo, zato je bila <B>aajnata</B>. &nbsp;S asoma so pridevnik aajnat dobili vsi, ki so slu~ili sveti nebesni popotnici, na kateri se je nadaljevalo ~ivljenje po smrti. &nbsp;Tako ni bila aajnata samo Reitija temve  tudi Trimo~je (aajnato Trimo~je) in ptice (aajnate Tice imenovane tudi }ar-tice.) &nbsp;Vse »aajnate«, ki so imeli pomembno vlogo pri zemeljskem in zagrobnem ~ivljenju, so naai predniki astili in jim nosili odkupnino imenovano toler.</P> <P>Versko ~ivljenje staroslovenskih Lobjancev, prednikov danaanjih zahodnih Dolenjcev, je pustilo bogate sledi. &nbsp;Spoznamo jih, e tenko utno preu imo naae ~ivljenjske navade, naaa zemljepisna imena in vse naae besedia e in vse to preverimo v naravi ali z eksperimentom. Vsi naateti izrazi za obo~evano naravo imajo onomatopoeti no izhodia e in izrazito slovensko glasovno zvo nost. &nbsp;Zahodna Dolenjska je imela v vsem asu naae etnogeneze zelo malo priseljevanja in tujih vplivov, zato so zahodno dolenjska nare ja ae posebej bogata z dokazili o naai prazgodovinski preteklosti. &nbsp;Jezikovna dokazila o naai staro~itnosti v srednji Evropi postanejo ae prepri ljivejaa, e jim prilo~imo pravilno pojasnjene arheoloake ostaline. &nbsp;Oboje pa je v udoviti skladnosti z napisi, ki so jih pred ve  kot dvema tiso letjema zapisali naai prednamci, staroveaki Veneti.</P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c&</B></P> <A NAME="TAEP12E"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>AN ETHNOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE VENETI</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Vojislav P. Nik evi</B></P> <P>The paper presents data on the Veneti as ancestors of Slovenians or Slovjens published by the Serbian ethnologist Tatomir Vukanovi in his book <I>Ethnogenesis of the South Slavs</I> (Vranje, 1974). &nbsp;These data have been collected from the writings of ancient authors dating from the 6th century AD. &nbsp;The data explicitly or hypothetically identify Slovenians as the Veneti even in the period when they were still settled in their primeval homeland in northeastern Europe and also later on their newly acquired territories all over Europe after their migration from their homeland towards the East, West and South. &nbsp;In the interpretation of the ancient authors, the name Slov(j)&en(e) is formed from the basic part slov- from the Slovjen word slovo (i.e., word or speech) and the non-slovjen suffix  vene stemming from the West European word Veneti with the meaning of western dwellers of the sea coast in the time when the Veneti were settling the coasts of the Baltic before the appearance of name Slov(j)en(e). &nbsp;Accordingly the ethnonym Slovenec as one of the synonyms of the name Slovjene was formed from slov + veneti’! slovveneti ’! sloveneci ’! Slovenci. &nbsp;This is the essence of the etymology of this ethnonym as explained in the morphological and semantic meaning of this name.</P> <A NAME="TAEP12S"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>VENETI U JEDNOJ ETNOLO`KOJ INTERPRETACIJI</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Vojislav P. Nik evi</B></P> <P>Donose se podaci o Venetima kao Slovjenima, odnosno Slovencima, koje je srpski etnolog Tatomir Vukanovi objavio u knjizi <I>Etnogeneza Ju~nih Slovena</I> (Vranje, 1974). &nbsp;Ti podaci sadr~ani su u spisima anti kijeh pisaca datiranim od VI. vijeka. &nbsp;Ti podaci izri no ili hipoteti no identifikuju Slovjene kao Venete joa dok su prebivali u njihovoj pradomovini na evropskom [everoistoku, ali i na njihovijem teritorijama nastanjenim airom Evrope nakon seoba iz te pradomovine na istok, zapad i jug. &nbsp;I u interpretaciji anti kijeh pisaca naziv Slovjen(e) sa injen je od osnove slov- iz slovjenske rije i slovo "rije , govor" + neslovjenski nastavak -vene iz zapadnoevropske rije i Veneti u zna enju zapadni "nastanjenici morske obale" joa dok su prebivali na obalama Balti kog mora u doba prije pojave naziva Slov(j)en(e). &nbsp;Prema tome, i etnonim Slovenec kao jedan od sinonimnijeh pojavnih oblika imena Slov(j)en(e) nastao je od slov- + veneti > slovveneti > sloveneci > Slovenci. &nbsp;U tome se sastoji etimologija toga etnonima shvaena u morfoloakome i semanti kom zna enju toga pojma. </P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c&</B></P> <A NAME="TAEP13E"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>A CRITICISM OF A MONOGENETIC (MONOCENTRIC) ETHNIC AND LINGUISTIC APPROACH (Linguist Fran Ramova as neo-grammarian)</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Vojislav P. Nik evi</B></P> <P>The ideas of monogenetic ethnic approach, as well as the ideas and work of neo-grammarians, are analyzed and critically discussed. &nbsp;The linguistic work of Fran Ramova as a representative supporter of the monogenetic neo-grammarian ideas and as an insightful founder of Slovenian linguistics is discussed from the point of view of the polygenetic conceptualization of language evolution. &nbsp;His adherence to the monogenetic ethnic and linguistic principles is reflected in the fact that he considered the Slovenian language as existing before the end of the 6th century A.D and which actually was formed in the period from the end of the 6th century to the 10th century A.D., only as a dialect, deriving from one unified very ancient south-Slavic, pre-Slavic and Indo-European language. &nbsp;As an adherent of the German neo-grammarian linguistic school he studied the elements of the Slovenian language as being considered out of the whole system, i.e. in his atomism, including the denomination of his phonetic elements as psycho-physical and psycho-physiological phenomena which can be explained and classified as they are developed from each other in a chain process. &nbsp;Like a negation of this schematic and rather mechanistic understanding of a language appears the more structuralistic school of Ferdinad de Saussure. &nbsp;According to this school the origin of every language, including also of the Slovenian, can be traced back from the very early primordial beginning from the Nostratic to the Indo-European, then pre-Slavic and to the early common south-Slavic pre-language. &nbsp;The phonetics of the language is being constantly subjected to the developing process by mutual interactions over the long time speaking activity. &nbsp;This model is opening a broad way to consider also the ancient Veneti as one of ancestors of the modern Slovenians and their language as one of the origins of the Slovenian language.</P> <A NAME="TAEP13S"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>KRITIKA MONOGENETSKOGA (MONOCENTRI NOG) ETNI KOGA I JEZI KOG PRISTUPA - Fran Ramova kao mladogramati ar</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Vojislav P. Nik evi</B></P> <P>Autor u ovome radu analiti ko-kriti ki razmatra pojam monogeneze, ko su i ato su mladogramati ari, daje prikaz Frana Ramovaa kao reprezentativnoga monogenetskog mladogramati ara i u svjetlosti pojma poligeneze ocjenjuje njegov lingvisti ki rad kao jednoga od najzna ajnijih utemeljiva a jezikoslovne slovenistike. &nbsp;Njegovu pripadnost monogenetskome etni kom i jezi kome u enju ogleda se u tome ato je slovenski jezik, koji mu se formirao tek od kraja VI. do X. stoljea, predstavio samo kao jedan dijalekat do konca VI. vijeka tako kao da je potekao iz jedinstvenoga ju~noslovjenskog, praslovjenskoga i indoevropskoga prajezika. &nbsp;A pripadnost njema koj mladogramati arskoj akoli ispoljio je u izolovanome prou avanju elemenata toga jezika izvanj njegova sistema, tj. u njihovom tzv. atomizmu, pa i u poimanju njegovijeh glasova kao psiho-fizi kijeh, psiho-fizioloakih pojava koje se lan ano razla~u i granaju razvijajui se jedan iz drugih. &nbsp;Negaciju toga shemati noga i mehanicisti kog shvatanja jeste strukturalisti ko u enje Ferdinanda de Saussura po kojemu se zametak svakog jezika, pa i slovenskoga, nalazi u prapo etku njegova nastanka od nostrati koga, preko indoevropskog i praslovjenskoga do ju~noslovjenskog prajezika. &nbsp;A glasovi mu se razvijaju u neminovnijem meusobnim uzajamnijem suodnosima zahvaljujui stalnijem unutraanjim i spoljaanjijem promjenama tokom govorne djelatnosti. &nbsp;To otvara airok prostor za prihvatanje Veneta i njihova jezika kao prapredaka Slovenaca i prapo etaka slovenskoga jezika.</P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c&</B></P> <A NAME="TAEP14E"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>THE ORIGINAL MEANING AND ATTRIBUTES OF THE ROMAN GOD MARS</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Eric Tomas</B></P> <A NAME="TAEP14S"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>STARORIMSKI BOG MARS, NJEGOV PRVOTEN POMEN IN VZDEVKI</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Eric Tomas</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c& c&</B></P> <A NAME="TAEP15E"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>COMPARISON OF READINGS OF THE INSCRIPTION ON THE SWORD OF VERONA</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Vinko Vodopivec</B></P> <P>Scientists are still searching for an appropriate understanding of an inscription on the sword of Verona. &nbsp;A comparison of all the available interpretations of the up-to-the-present-time incomprehensible inscription can significantly improve its understanding. &nbsp;Here we have 7 different ways how to group together the letters and 4 translations. &nbsp;The working hypothesis should suppose to find an appropriate part of correctly grouped letters and an appropriate part of correctly recognized letters and intelligible words. &nbsp;An analysis shows that all the present groupings of letters were rather inconsistent. &nbsp;Concerning the translations only the translations by A. Perdih are strikingly different since this is the only one which even surpasses the set conditions of the working hypothesis and by this is the only one which most probably gives us the correct meaning of the inscription.</P> <P>The results confirm the correctness of the translation by A. Perdih. &nbsp;His grouping of letters can be considered as appropriate, the translation is based on 68.3% of recognised letters, while the relevant percentage for the other authors amount to 4.8%, 20% and 19.5%. &nbsp;Concerning the recognized words, the translation by A. Perdih gives us a recognition of 90.9% of words. &nbsp;Other translations give us the percentage of words understood only at 38%, 41.7% and 38.5%. &nbsp;This study shows us that the translation by A. Perdih is the most trustworthy, while other translations are far less believable. &nbsp;Our study confirms the theory that the primeval origin of Etruscans should be sought in the Venetic roots. &nbsp;Both the Venetic and Etruscan inscriptions can be deciphered on the basis of Slavic languages. &nbsp;Also in this case the Slovenian language seems to be a very suitable tool, since its numerous dialects enable us to understand the older Etruscan inscriptions.</P> <A NAME="TAEP15S"><P ALIGN=CENTER><B>PRIMERJAVA BRANJ NAPISA NA ME U IZ VERONE</B></P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Vinko Vodopivec</B></P> <P>Znanstveniki ae vedno ia ejo vsebino napisa na me u iz Verone in v teh prizadevanjih lahko bistveno pripomore ustrezno razumevanje do sedaj nerazumljenega napisa, kjer si pomagamo s primerjavo do sedaj znanih prevodov. &nbsp;Za primerjavo pre rkovanja imamo kar sedem mo~nosti razli nih avtorjev, pri prevodih pa le atiri. &nbsp;Delovna hipoteza predvideva ustrezen dele~ pravilno pre rkovanih rk in ustrezen dele~ prepoznanih rk in razumljenih besed. &nbsp;Analiza ka~e, da so dosedanja pre rkovanja nekoliko nedosledna, pri prevodih pa izrazito odstopa prevod A. Perdiha, ki edini mo no presega pogoje delovne hipoteze in nam zato najverjetneje podaja ustrezno razumljeno vsebino napisa.</P> <P>Rezultati potrjujejo pravilnost Perdihovega prevoda saj je njegov zapis ustrezno pre rkovan, v njegovem prevodu pa je 68,3% prepoznanih rk, medtem ko ostali prevodi dosegajo le 4,8%, 20,0% in 19,5%. &nbsp;Podobna je primerjava prepoznanih besed, saj jih ima Perdihov prevod kar 90,9%, medtem ko jih imajo ostali prevodi le 38,5% in 41,7% in 38,5%. &nbsp;Rezultati ka~ejo, da je Perdihov prevod odli en, ostali prevodi pa so bistveno manj verjetni. &nbsp;Navedeni rezultati potrjujejo tezo, da je prvotni izvor Etrua anov iz venetskih korenin, saj je tako venetske zapise kot etrua anska besedila mo~no razumeti na podlagi slovanskih jezikovnih prvin. &nbsp;Slovena ina je tudi v tem primeru uporabno orodje, saj s svojimi atevilnimi dialekti omogo a razumevanje starejaih etrua anskih zapisov.</P> </body> </html>
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