Chapter 1 Exercises
EX. 1.2
1. What is the difference between a bit and a byte? A byte is composed of 8 bits.
2. Name two input devices and two output devices. The keyboard and mouse are input devices. The monitor and speakers are output devices.
3. What is the purpose of auxiliary storage devices? The purpose of auxiliary storage devices is that to store a huge amount of data but it is slower. It backs up the main memory. They also support input and output devices.
4. What is RAM and how is it used? Random Access Memory is a temporary storage facility for files.
5. Discuss the differences between hardware and software. Hardware consists of the physical components of the computer, while software consists of information that is not tangible.
EX. 1.3
1. Translate 111000112 to a base 10 number. 228.
2. Translate 45B16 to a base 10 number. 1115.
3. What is the difference between Unicode and ASCII? In Unicode, each character is represented by a pattern of 16 bits, whereas for ASCII each character is represented by a pattern of 8 bits.
4. Assume that 4 bits are used to represent the intensities of red, green, and blue. How many total colors are possible in this scheme? 12.
5. An old-fashoined computer has just 16 bits available to represent an address of memory location. How many total memory locations can be addressed in this machine? 4.
EX. 1.4
1. State two of the difficulties of programming with machine language. While programming with machine language, it is very difficult interpret another's program. Also, coding is more tedious and prone to errors than other languages.
2. State two features of assembly language. The assmebly language uses mnemonic symbols to represent instructions and data. Also, it is more programmer-friendly.
3. What is a loader and what is it used for? A loader loads and runs the machine language program.
4. State one difference between a high-level language and assembly language. A high-level language is portable, whereas an assembly language is less portable.
EX. 1.5
1. What happens during the analysis and design phases of the software development process? The programmer determines the program during the analysis phase. Programmers then determine how the program will do its task (design phase).
2. Which phase of the software development process incurs the highest cost to developers? Maintenance.
3. How does the waterfall model of the software development work? The waterfall model: while the developer is working, if a mistake is detected in one phase he has to redo work in the previous phase.
4. In which phase of the software development process is the detection and correction of errors the least expensive? Implementation.
EX. 1.6
1. In what way is programming like planning? It is like planning in the way that it takes steps to program and it is like preparing to run the program just like planning is preparing for something else.
2. An object-oriented program is a set of objects that interact by sending messages to each other. Explain. The Base Class sends messages to Subclass 1 and 2 and that is how objects interact with one another.
3. What is a class and how does it relate to objects in an object-oriented program? A class is a program that is comprised of different types of software components. It relates to objects because objects are also different types of software components.
4. Explain the concept of inheritance. Inheritance is where each subclass defines additional methods and instance variables.
5. Explain the concept of information hiding with an example. Information hiding is where object A does not know of object B's resources and does not ask for them.
Review Questions
1. What are the three major hardware components of a computer?
The CPU, the RAM, and the user interface.
2. Name 3 imput devices.
A keyboard, a mouse, and a microphone.
3. Name 2 output devices.
A monitor, and speakers.
4. What is the difference between application software and system software?
System software is the software that is required to make the system run. Application software is software that can be added on to perform specific tasks.
5. Name a first generation programming language, a secon generation programming language, and a third generation programming language. Machine language, assembly language, and high-level languages like java.
Fill In The Blank
1. All information used by a computer is represented using binary (base 2) notation.
2. The implementation phase of the software life cycle is aslo called the coding phase.
3. Over half of the cost of developing sofware goes to the maintenance phase of the software life cycle.
4. ACM stands for The Association for Computing Machinery.
5. Copyright law is designed to give fair use to the public and to protect the rights of authors and publishers.
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