

We judged time,
weather conditions, and many things by
the elements-
the
good earth, the blue sky, the flying of
geese, and the changing
winds.
We looked to these for
guidance and answers.
Our
prayers and thanksgiving were said to
the four winds-
to the
East, from whence the new day was born;
to the South,
which
sent the warm breeze which gave a
feeling of comfort;
to the
West, which ended the day
and
brought rest; and to the North,
the Mother of winter whose sharp air
awakened a time of
preparation for the long days ahead. We
lived by God's hand
through nature and evaluated the
changing winds to tell us
or warn us as to what was ahead. Today
we are again
evaluating the changing winds.

Black Elk (1863-1950)
Oglala Sioux
holy
man
Chief
YellowHawk
Red Cloud [Marpiya-Luta] (late 19th
century)
Oglala Sioux
chief
Chased-by-Bears (1843-1915)
Santee-Yanktonai
Sioux
Geronimo [Goyathlay]
(1829-1909)
Chircahua Apache
chief

Black Elk
(1863-1950)
Oglala
Sioux
holy man

Black Elk
(1863-1950)
Oglala
Sioux
holy
man