Lesson 3a
Al Maqasid
Lesson 3a: Purification (Section 2.1)
Teacher: Sidi Hamza Karamali
Opening Supplication
Introduction
- hadith from Tirmidhi on prayer not being valid without purity
- what this hadith indicates
- why scholars of fiqh begin with this chapter
- Two types of impurity: ritual impurity and physical impurity
First Type: Physical Impurity
- the consequence of being physically impure
- definition of physical impurity
- purification as the removal of physical impurity
Second Type: Ritual impurity
- the consequence of being ritual impure
- example of lifting of ritual impurity
Imam Nawawi’s definition of purification from Minhaj At-Talibin begins this section
Purification ( taharah) means one of three things
- First is the removal of ritual impurity (hadath)
- the two forms of this type of purification
- Second is the removal of physical impurity
- the most common form of this type of purification
- Third are other means that are similar to the above two
- Dry ablution (tayammum) can replace the ablution in certain cases
- what dry ablution actually accomplishes in terms of purification
- how this category is similar to the first two
- Using toilet paper for purification after relieving oneself
- similarity to removal of physical filth
- Actions which resemble acts of purification
- Actions that resemble lifting a state of ritual impurity
- example of the recommended purificatory bath for the Friday prayer
- example of renewing ablution when not ritually impure
- Actions that resemble removal of physical impurity
- example of recommended washings after removing of physical filth
- This chapter focuses on the aspects of purification and all related matters
Closing Supplication
Lesson 3b
Al Maqasid
Lesson 3b: Water (Section 2.2)
Teacher: Sidi Hamza Karamali
Opening Supplication
- what lessons will focus on
Water's Relation to Purification
- as a means of purification
- on lifting both types of impurities with water
- necessity of using water for ritual purity
- necessity of using water for physical purity
- why scholars include water in this chapter
Purifying Water
- how purifying water is translated
- on what plain water is
- examples of plain water
- these are in their original state
Water That Does Not Purify
- two types: pure and impure
- Pure water (that is not purifying)
- two means to become merely pure
- First means: used for purification
- example of water used for ablution
- water from non-obligatory washes not considered used
- water only considered used after used for lifting ritual impurity or removing physical impurity
- Second means: changed water
- how change can happen
- examples of water that has changed
- how much water may change and still remain purifying
- must still be termed water
- example of cup of water with teabag (without heating it) as purifying
- example of cup with teabag after heating as merely pure
- on water which may be used for purification
- Impure water
- what makes water impure
- example of water becoming impure
- on whether it can be used for purification
- mere contact with fith sufficient to make water impure
Exceptions to Above
- Large quantity of water as an exception
- definition of large quantity of water
- has special rules because of difficulty
- First Exception: laxity on becoming impure
- what is needed to make large quantity of water to become impure
- example of large quantity of water with a drop of blood
- types of changes for large quantity to be impure
- Second Exception: laxity on becoming used
- example of using large quantity of water for purificatory bath
- on large quantity of water remaining pure
- Excused filth
- example of fly with filth falling in water
- definition of excused filth
- on dead insects as excused filth
- these are excused unless water changes
Summary: Returning to the text
- on purification requiring purifying water
- on types of water not valid for purification
Closing supplication
Lesson 3c
Al Maqasid
Lesson 3c: Filth (Section 2.3)
Teacher: Sidi Hamza Karamali
Opening Supplication
- purification as a condition for prayer
- what will be covered in this section
- two examples of filth
- how other objects become affected with filth
- measures that need to be taken to remove filth
- filth not transferred without moisture
Types of Filth
- see Reliance for an exhaustive list
- examples of filth
- Liquid intoxicants
- meaning of liquid intoxicant as filth
- on non-liquid intoxicants
- example of a liquid intoxicant
- not all alcohols are liquid intoxicants
- what the default is with respect to purity
- specific chemical examples of liquid intoxicants
- Anything that exits from a private part
- examples of this type of filth
- on sexual discharge ( madhy)
- on exertional discharge ( wady)
- on the exception to this general rule
- on the purity of ejaculate
- the ruling on genital moisture
- the criterion for the purity and impurity of genital moisture
- the criterion for genital moisture invalidating ablution
- Purity regarding animals
- which animals are pure whether alive or dead
- which animals are impure whether alive or dead
- which animals are pure when alive and impure when dead
- example of these animals
- which animals are pure when alive and maybe pure or impure when dead
- on how their death affects the ruling of purity
- on the impurity of these animals dying without being slaughtered
- on parts taken from these dead animals being impure
- on offspring on pigs and dogs
- the general rule on any part taken from a live animal
- example of sheep leg taken from a sheep
- example of human arm taken from a human
- exception to the above rule
- examples of wool (or the like) taken from a live edible animals
Closing supplication
Lesson 3d
Al Maqasid
Lesson 3d: Transformation of Filth (Section 2.4)
Teacher: Sidi Hamza Karamali
Opening Supplication
- on what transformation (istihala) can do to filth
Wine Becoming Vinegar
- wine becomes pure by transforming to vinegar by itself
- what else can be transformed by this process
- what happens if something is added to the liquid intoxicant
Hides of Unslaughtered Animals
- which hides can be purified through tanning
- returning to the tree diagram from previous lesson
- categories to which this transformation does not apply
- effect of tanning of the hide of impure animals
- characteristics of pig leather (see picture)
- categories to which this transformation does apply
- effect of tanning on the hide of slaughtered animals
- effect of tanning on the hide of unslaughtered edible animals
- definition of tanning
- effect of tanning on the hide of inedible animals
Closing Supplication
Lesson 3e
Al Maqasid
Lesson 3e: Purifying Articles from Filth (Section 2.5)
Teacher: Sidi Hamza Karamali
Opening Supplication
Introduction
- what will be covered in this section
- how a pure object can become affected by filth
- example of dog rubbing against one without moisture
- example of dog rubbing against one with moisture
- on the three categories filth
Major Filth
- how to purify an object from major filth
- how major filth is transferred
- hadith indicating how to purify major filth
- on the necessity of one washing being mixed with earth
- on the specifics of removing major filth
- example of purifying from dog saliva
- why it is recommended to make the first washing with earth
- on spots rendered filthy by water used to wash major filth
- alternative opinion on the level of filth of swine
- reasoning for swine to be considered heavy filth
- useful for converts
- alternative opinion on the necessity of using earth
- what can replace earth in the washing mixed with earth
- when to follow lighter opinions
Minor Filth
- conditions for minor filth
- explanation of first condition: must be urine
- explanation of next two conditions: must be male and under two lunar years
- explanation of last condition: must not have eaten anything besides milk
- means of purifying minor physical impurity
- on the superiority of washing
Medium (
- examples of this type of filth
- means of purifying medium filth
- difference between filth contacting water and water contacting filth
- example of filth contacting water
- example of water contacting filth
- practical method of purifying from filth
- how traces of the filth can be removed
- filth difficult to remove
- how to purify filth that is difficult to remove
- what may remain for it to be considered purified
Excused Filth
- consequences of water becoming affected by filth
- consequences of clothes or body becoming affected by filth
- how filth can be excused with respect to (1) water or (2) body and clothes
- example of filth excused in water
- difference of consequence of same filth on one's clothes
- example of filth excused on one's body or clothes
- definition of a little blood
Closing Supplication
Lesson 3f
Al Maqasid
Lesson 3f: Containers (Section 2.6)
Teacher: Sidi Hamza Karamali
Opening Supplication
Introduction
- topic of this lesson
- relevance of containers to purification
- on vessels as a means to use water
Gold and Silver Vessels
- which vessels are permissible to use
- proof regarding this issue
- impermissible uses of gold and silver containers
- gold-plated or silver-plated vessels take different rulings
- condition for permissibility of using coated vessels
Which one is pure?
- what Imam Nawawi will address here
- example of having two vessels when one is impure
- what is to be done in such a case
- a condition for using reasoning
- example that does not qualify for using reasoning
Closing Supplication
