Lesson 7a
Al Maqasid
Lesson 7a: Sunna Prayers
Teacher: Sidi Hamza Karamali
Opening Supplication
Introduction
- section 3.1 covers obligatory prayers
- recommended prayers of three types
1) recommended prayer during a specific time
- examples of a prayer with a specific time
2) recommended prayer for a specific reason
- examples of a prayer for a specific reason
3) recommended prayer without a specific reason or time
- Imam Nawawi on prayer during a specific time
- prayers mentioned in the order of superiority
Non-Daily Recommended Prayers
- prayer of the Eids is the best of recommended prayers
- - regarding the prayer of the solar and lunar eclipse
- - on the drought prayer
- The Rawatib Prayers
- - recommended prayers connected with the obligatory prayers (rawatib)
- - two types of rawatib
- - what it means to be a confirmed sunna
- - other rawatib prayers that are not from the confirmed sunna
- The Witr Prayer
- - superiority of the witr to the rawatib
- - hadith indicating the importance of the witr prayer
- - length of the witr prayer
- - optimal way to perform it
- - meaning of witr
- - best way to pray the witr
- - another way to pray the witr
- The Remaining Recommended Prayers
- the Midmorning Prayer
- timing of this prayer
- length of this prayer
- the Tarawih Prayer
- the timing of this prayer
- the Night Vigil Prayer
- best time for its performance
- hadith that indicates the best time for this prayer
- practical note added by Shaykh Nuh of not taking on more than one can do
Closing Supplication
Lesson 7b
Al Maqasid
Lesson 7b: Integrals
Teacher: Sidi Hamza Karamali
Opening Supplication
Introduction
- Imam Nawawi will discuss integrals and conditions in the following sections
- useful reading from Shaykh Nuh introduction in 3.9 and 3.10
- this section lists the integrals of prayer
- definition of an integral
- the number of integrals in prayer
- Imam Nawawi broke integrals in thirteen
- the various division of the integrals
Spoken Integrals
- list of the five spoken integrals
- the extent to which spoken integrals must be heard
- further explanation of how the spoken integrals need to be said
- the need of moving of the tongue
- all spoken integrals must be pronounced correctly
- the need to learn the Arabic letters
- when one is excused
Action Integrals
- list of the six action integrals
- the need of remaining motionless in every action of integral
- example of this
- the consequence of not remaining still
- review of physical integrals: spoken and action
Non-physical Integrals
- two types: mental and attribute
- Imam Nawawi's list of integrals
- additional comment on the numbering of integrals
- how the first three integrals must be performed
Intention
- hadith emphasizing the importance of intention
- the timing of the intention
- difference between a resolve and an intention
- the intention must take place with the opening Allahu akbar
- the intention varies with the type of prayer
- the different type of sunna prayers
- on sunna prayers with no reason or time connected to it
- on the three things that must be intended with every obligatory prayer
- examples of ways to validly intend
- the place of the intention is the heart
- practical example of intending
- what the intention must be for a sunna prayer connected with a reason or time
- example of this
- what the intention must be for a sunna prayer without a reason or time
- what is meant by intention
Standing
- standing as an integral of prayer
- example of an invalid way of "standing"
- on what to avoid
- the extent of leaning forward
- non-obligatory prayers need not be prayed standing up
Opening Allahu Akbar
- on pronouncing the spoken integrals correctly
- the invalidity of stretching the first hamza
- addition of a wauw after Allah is invalid
- mistake of skipping the second hamza
- reminder of other aspects that must be observed for spoken integrals
- intention for prayer must be made during this spoken integral
- common mistake for this integral
The Opening Qur`anic Verse
- second spoken integral of reciting the Fatiha
- the number of shaddas
- reminder of who is excused from proper pronunciation
- the inclusion of the basmala in the Fatiha
- the obligation of reciting the Fatiha unless one is considered a latecomer
- consequences of delaying the bowing when one is latecomer
- example of delaying and having to repeat that cycle
- on the need to complete the Fatiha to the extent possible
- who also is considered a latecomer
- example of a person who is considered a latecomer
- further details on group prayers in subsequent lessons
Bowing and Standing
- on the integral of bowing
- the definition of the minimal bowing
- how one bows in an optimal manner
- the recommended utterance in the bowing position
- how one should remain in the bowing position
- the integral of standing up after bowing
- the optimal way to do this
- the requirement of remaining motionless
Prostration
- the integral of two prostrations
- on the parts that must contact the ground
- regarding the forehead
- on the inner palms
- some part of knees and bottom of feet
- on covering the parts that need to touch the ground
- the difference of the optimal and minimum prostration
- common mistake in prostration
- the need for the forehead bearing some weight
- the extent to which the forehead must bear weight
- the recommended utterance in the prostration
Remaining Integrals
- the integral of sitting between the prostrations
- the recommended utterance for the sitting
- remaining motionless not counted as a separate integral
- the integral of the final testification
- the integral of the final sitting
- the integral of sending blessings
- the final salam as integral
- being watchful for the beginning alif and lam
- difference between the optimal and minimal salam
- the integral of the order
Difficulty of Standing
- how Imam Ramli defines a hardship in standing
- on other positions the prayer can be performed
Closing Supplication
Lesson 7c
Al Maqasid
Lesson 7c: The Sunnas of the Prayer
Teacher: Sidi Hamza Karamali
Opening Supplication
Introduction
- the four things scholars discuss with respect to the prayer
- difference between an integral and condition
- two categories of the recommended acts of prayer
- what missing a main sunna entails
- what missing other sunnas entails
Likening the Prayer to a Human Being
- Imam Bajuri's analogy of the prayer as a human being
- what missing an integral or condition entails
- what the main sunnas are analogous to
- the importance of the difference between acceptance and validity
- the meaning of validity
- the difference between validity and acceptance
- likening a defective prayer to a limbless human being
- reason why main sunnas should be observed
- caution on only observing integrals and conditions
Main Sunnas
- Imam Nawawi on the main sunnas
- what omission of a main sunna entails
- the consequence of omitting a main sunna and the called for prostration
- the ruling of the forgetfulness prostration
- there being no difference between intentional or unintentional difference
- most simple way to remember the main sunnas of the prayer
- the first rectification of faith as the first main sunna and what follows it
- the second main sunna of the qunut
- the common supplication that is recited in the qunut
- included is the blessings and the peace
- the entirety is considered a main sunna
- the third main sunna of sending blessings on the folk
- example of the minimal blessing
- Imam Nawawi on these main sunnas
- his enumeration of the three above
- note when the qunut is recommended
- what this supplication must consist of
- example of this
- the completion of the sample supplication
- on all other sunnas not being main sunnas
- consequence of performing a forgetfulness prostration when not called for
Other Sunnas
- correction of note added to translation
- what the note should actually read
- on the sunna of the call to prayer
- on their merit
- scholars differed what the call for prayer is for
- what the dominant opinion is
- for whom it is not considered a sunna
- on the sunna of raising the hands
- the four occasions when it is recommended
- the optimal way to raise hands during the opening Allahu akbar
- optimal way to raise hands before bowing
- optimal way to raise hands when straightening up
- optimal way to raise when standing up
- on the sunna of placement of hands
- on the sunna of opening supplication
- when it is said and not said
- on the sunna of seeking refuge
- on the sunna of saying ameen
- on the next sunna of a sura
- superior way this can be done
- what Imam Ibn Hajar mentioned regarding this
- the sunna of recital
- prayers when loud recital is sunna
- when a woman recites aloud
- on the sunna of saying Allahu akbar
- what should be elongated
- to what extend it should be elongated
- on the sunna while straightening up
- on the sunna of placement of hands when sitting
- the placement of the right hand
- when the finger on the right hand moves
- when the finger is lowered
- on the sunna of sitting in different styles
- on the sunna of saying the second salam
- what one should do to avoid difference of opinion
- on the sunna of the position of the elbows
The Most Important Sunna
- what omission necessitates according to Imam Ibn Hajar
- how it relates to reward
- on how some held it as an integral
- what khushu is defined as
- what Shaykh Nuh mentions on this
- what the basis for reward of acts is
- Quranic proof for this
- prayer should be performed befitting our relation with the Divine
Closing Supplication
Lesson 7d
Al Maqasid
Lesson 7d: The Conditions of the Prayer
Teacher: Sidi Hamza Karamali
Opening Supplication
Introduction
- on the need of fulfilling the conditions and integrals
- the difference between an integral and condition
- another difference between an integral and condition
- an example of a condition
- an example of an integral
The Conditions of the Prayer
1) being Muslim
2)being free of ritual impurity
- examples of ritual impurity
- the case of lacking water
- when one can be exempt from this condition
- the need to repeat later on
- what one must limit oneself to if praying in a state of major ritual impurity
3) being free of physical impurity
- on freeing the body of filth
- on freeing one's clothes of filth
- how things supported must be free of filth
- how things one is connected to must be free of filth
- example of being connected to filth
- example of what is not considered being connected
- on freeing the area of prayer of filth
- example of what this means
- what mere proximity to filth does to validity
4) clothing one's nakedness
- the definition of nakedness for a man
- the definition of nakedness for a woman
- what is considered part of the face
- what must be used to cover
- what covering must accomplish
- the directions from which the nakedness must be covered
- example of being uncovered from the top
- on not needing to cover from underneath
- practical advice for women to cover arms
- example of being uncovered from the sides
- details regarding women covering from underneath
- from where the nakedness of a women can be seen
- example of nakedness showing that does affect validity
5) condition of the prayer time entering
- example that fulfill the condition of reaching certainty of the time
- examples that fulfill the condition of reaching confidence of the time
- consequences of praying without certainty or confidence
6) facing the direction of prayer
- the extent to which the qibla must be faced
- what the other schools mention regarding the direction of the prayer
- what deliberately facing away from the direction of prayer means
- the
direction in
- text reference: Port in the Storm by Shaykh Nuh Keller
- how to determine the direction of prayer
- take into account the magnetic declination when using a compass
- on the invalidity of relying on mosques
- what the direction of prayer is faced by
- two exceptions to the above condition
Actions Which Invalidate the Prayer (or Fasting)
1) regarding extraneous utterances
- when an utterance can invalidate the prayer
- what can be said forgetfully without invalidating the prayer
- what when said purposely will invalidate the prayer
- any remembrance does not invalidate the prayer
2) on extraneous actions
- the requirements for the actions to invalidate the prayer
- what consecutive means
- example of consecutive movements
- what a considerable movement means
- minor limbs
- example of taking steps
- example of removing glasses
- exception of the arms
3) things that break the fast
- eating a little bit forgetfully does not affect validity
4) changing the intention
- moving on to section 3.15
On Informing or Reminding Others in Prayer
- on indicating to others something while in prayer with a remembrance or clapping
- what the intention must be for this
- example of an invalid way to remind
- example of a valid way to remind
- two ways in which one's prayer can be invalidated
- another example illustrating the valid and invalid way to inform
- example of the person who repeats to indicate to the followers of the imam's positions
- the way a female informs
- the next invalidator of missing a condition or integral
- what missing an integral entails
Closing
Supplication
