Module 1 - Basic Computer Literacy
Introduction
Introduction Information Sources Planning Your Search Strategy Module 2 Quiz Module 3 - Using the OPAC
Introduction Some Preliminary Concepts Plan to Search Introducing the OPAC Search Options Combination Searching Boolean Operators Expert Searching OPAC Search Results Evaluation
Module 4 - The Internet as a Research Tool Introduction Search Tools Search Tools(continued) Searching Searching (continued) Evaluating Information Information Ethics Module 4 Quiz Module 5 - West Indiana and Special Collections Introduction Types of WI Materials Other WI Collections Module 5 QUIZ Module 6 - Online Databases
Introduction Definitions and Descriptions AGRIS BIREME EBSCOHOST EMERALD Engineering Village FirstSearch Module 6 Quiz Module 7 - Managing References
Introduction What is a Citation? Citing electronic 'documents' No universal, standard method for citing electronic sources of information has yet been agreed upon. The recommendations in this section follow the practices most likely to be adopted, and are intended as guidelines for those who need to cite electronic sources of information now. Those intending to use such citations in papers submitted to scholarly journals should check whether an alternative method is used by that journal. Citation formats suggested here are based on the book by Xia Li & Nancy B. Crane: Electronic style: a guide to citing electronic information, 2nd ed., Mecklermedia, 1995; and the draft of ISO standard 690-2: Information and documentation: Bibliographic references: Electronic documents or parts thereof. NOTE: The basic rules below may be customised for any standard citation style; these examples use the Harvard style. Refer to an appropriate style manual for a guide to citing printed sources, and an explanation of the Harvard style. This section also explains how to refer to the cited document within the body of the text using the author-date method. The recommended method for citing Internet sources is to make use of the document's URL (Internet address). In the citation, the URL should be split at the end of a line only after the forward slashes in the address. No further punctuation, such as hyphens, should be added, nor should the case of any characters in the address be altered. This section mainly deals with citing information found on the Internet. Individual works Author/editor, Year. Title [online]. (Edition). Place of publication: Publisher (if ascertainable). Available from: URL [Accessed Date]. Example: Holland, M., 1996. Harvard system [online]. Poole: Bournemouth University. Available from: http://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/ service-depts/lis/LIS_Pub/harvardsyst.html [Accessed 15 Apr 1996]. Write "No date" when the electronic publication date is not available. The term "online" in brackets indicates the "type of medium" and is used for all Internet sources. The "Accessed Date" is the date on which you viewed or downloaded the document. This allows for any subsequent modifications to the document common with this medium of communication. The term publisher is used here to cover both the traditional idea of a publisher of printed sources, as well as organisations responsible for maintaining sites on the Internet, such as Bournemouth University. Much information is put up on the Internet by organisations without citing a specific author. In such cases, ascribe authorship to the smallest identifiable organisational unit (this is similar to the standard method for citing works produced by a corporate body). Example: Library Services, 1995. Internet user glossary [online]. North Carolina: North Carolina State University. Available from: Gopher://dewey.lib.ncsu.edu:70/7waissrc%3A/.wais/ Internet-user-glossary [Accessed 15 Apr 1996]. Citing E-Journals Author, Year. Title. Journal Title [online], volume (issue), location within host. Available from: URL [Accessed Date]. Example: Korb, K.B., 1995. Persons and things: book review of Bringsjord on Robot-Consciousness. Psycoloquy [online], 6 (15). Available from: gopher://wachau.ai.univie.ac.at:70/00/archives/Psycoloquy/95.V6/0162 [Accessed17 Jun 1996]. The "location within host" is the equivalent of pagination used with printed sources. It should be given if the format of the document includes pagination or an equivalent internal referencing system. The specification of location should be chosen according to the following order of preference: 1) page, screen, paragraph, or line number when these features are fixed features of the online source (e.g. "pp. 5-21" or "5-21"; "lines 100-150)"; 2) labelled part, section, table, etc.; 3) any host-specific designation. If the document does not include pagination or an equivalent internal referencing system, the extent of the item may be indicated in terms such as the total number of lines, screens, etc., e.g. "[35 lines]" or "[approx. 12 screens]". With the Psycoloquy example above, volume numbers are retained whilst the part number is equivalent to an article number. Note that the Psycoloquy archive is available on more than one server, as well as in ftp, gopher and http formats. Hence the URL for this article could have been: gopher://gopher.Princeton.EDU:70/0ftp%3Aprinceton.edu@/pub/ harnad/Psycoloquy/1995.volume.6/psyc.95.6.15.robot-consciousness.10.korb ftp://ftp.princeton.edu/pub/harnad/Psycoloquy/ 1995.volume.6/psyc.95.6.15.robot-consciousness.10.korb http://ai.iit.nrc.ca/cgi-bin/ psycoloquy-view?psyc.95.6.15.robot-consciousness.10.korb All these refer to the same article and all are correct. Give the URL you used to view the document. Mailbase/Listserv Email Lists These discussion lists generate email messages which are sent directly to the subscriber. Many lists will archive the messages sent. References to these messages should be treated in a similar fashion to journal references; using the list name in place of the journal title and the subject line of the message in place of the article title. For "Available from:", use the email address of the list administrator. These details, together with the author, will appear in the message header. Author, Day Month Year. Subject of message. Discussion List [online]. Available from: list e-mail address [Accessed Date]. Examples: Brack, E.V., 2 May 1995. Re: Computing short courses. Lis-link [online]. Available from: mailbase@mailbase.ac.uk [Accessed 17 Apr 1996]. Jensen, L.R., 12 Dec 1995. Recommendation of student radio/tv in English. IASTAR [online]. Available from: LISTSERV@FTP.NRG.DTU.DK [Accessed 29 Apr 1996]. It should be noted that items may only be kept on discussion group servers for a short time and hence may not be suitable for referencing. A local copy could be kept by the author who is giving the citation, with a note to this effect. Personal electronic communications (E-mail) If you wish to make reference to personal e-mail messages, the following format is recommended. · The "subject line" of the message is given as a title and the full date is given instead of just the year. · In place of an "availability" statement, use E-mail to Recipient and include both the sender's and recipient's e-mail addresses in the reference. · Sender (Sender's E-mail address), Day Month Year. · Subject of Message. E-mail to Recipient (Recipient's · E-mail address). Example: Lowman, D. (deborah_lowman@pbsinc.com), 4 Apr 1996. RE: ProCite and Internet Refere. E-mail to P. Cross (pcross@bournemouth.ac.uk) Further Reading: 1. The Chicago manual of style. The University of Chicago Press, 1993.14th ed. 2. Li, X. and Crane, N.B. Electronic Style: a guide to citing electronic information Mecklermedia, 1993. 3. MHRA style book: notes for authors, editors, and writers of theses. Modern Humanities Research Association, 1991. 4th ed. 4. LI & Crane: Electronic Styles: An Expanded Guide for Citing Electronic Information. Frequently Asked Questions Citing Electronic Documents Citation Styles Module 7 Quiz
By ED JOHNSON, Associated Press Writer LONDON - Prime Minister Tony Blair (news - web sites) said Tuesday that Saddam Hussein (news - web sites)'s illicit weapons of mass destruction may never be found in Iraq (news - web sites), but insisted the dictator had posed a threat to the world.
By LOUIS MEIXLER, Associated Press Writer
Al-Sadr Halts Attacks on Spanish Troops (AP Video) Latest headlines: · Attack on U.S.-Run Baghdad Jail Kills 22 AP - 4 minutes ago · Halliburton Identifies 3 Slain in Iraq AP - 26 minutes ago · Americans Squirm as U.S. Death Toll in Iraq Surges Reuters - 31 minutes ago Special Coverage To the west in Fallujah, meanwhile, Iraqi security forces and civilians who fled days of street fighting with Marines began to return Tuesday in a critical test of an agreement between U. S. officials and local leaders to fend off an all-out assault by American forces. All of those killed or injured in the mortar attack on the U.S.-run prison were security detainees, said Col. Jill Morgenthaler, meaning they were held for suspected involvement in the anti-U.S. insurgency or remnants of Saddam Hussein (news - web sites)'s ousted Baathist regime. Twenty-five of the prisoners were flown by helicopter for emergency medical treatment, Morgenthaler said. There were no reports that any of the casualties were prominent members of Saddam's regime. "This isn't the first time that we have seen this kind of attack. We don't know if they are trying to inspire an uprising or a prison break," Brig. Gen. Mark Kimmitt told Associated Press Radio. It was the heaviest mortar barrage against the prison. Insurgents regularly fire on soldiers around the site — an American soldier was killed there two months ago — but shells have landed in the prison before. Six security prisoners were killed by a mortar attack in August. A U.S. military-run radio station urged Fallujah residents to hand over heavy weapons — including machine guns, grenade launchers and missiles — to Iraqi security forces or at the mayor's office. But it was not yet known whether guerrillas would abide by the call to surrender their arsenals. U.S. commanders have warned Marines might launch an all-out assault to take the city if the insurgents don't disarm. By midday Tuesday, up to 200 members of the Iraqi security forces had returned to their jobs. Dozens more police lined up at a Marine checkpoint to enter the city in the afternoon. Iraqi families lined up there as well to go home. As part of a deal announced Monday, the military agreed to let 50 families a day back into the city, but people kept showing up after that limit was reached. Marines turned away about 150 people, said Capt. Ed Sullivan, and they asked them to come back Wednesday. About a third of the city's 200,000 people fled in the two-week siege that killed at least 600 Iraqis, according to hospital officials. Hamdi Rashid, a schoolteacher driving a minivan with 17 family members inside, was one of the Fallujans who made it back Tuesday. "We love Fallujah," he said while waiting in line. "The Americans are doing good. They are going to arrest the bad men. We are looking for peace. We want to live in peace." Iraqi policeman Maj. Khamis Suleyman said he expects Iraqi security forces to begin searching houses for weapons. Much depends on whether the Fallujah civic leaders who reached the deal with the Americans can persuade the insurgents to disarm — or whether the Iraqi police are effective in uncovering weapons. For the city's guerrillas, any handover of their heavy weapons would mean weakening, if not ending, their resistance against the U.S.-led occupation. The insurgents have gone to great lengths to build up their arsenal and hide it — Marines in the past two weeks have found impressive caches in secret rooms hidden by mirrors and buried in yards. Fallujah has been largely quiet in recent days, with only sporadic clashes. Before dawn Tuesday, gunmen opened fire on a Marine patrol near the Euphrates River, Capt. Jamie Edge said. Marines and gunmen exchanged fire for about five minutes, he added, with no immediate reports of casualties. In the northern city of Mosul, a roadside bomb exploded as a U.S. military convoy passed, wounding five U.S. soldiers and three Iraqi civilians, Lt. Col. Joseph Piek said. Meanwhile, U.S. and coalition military leaders were trying to work out how to fill the gap left by the abrupt decision by Spain and Honduras to withdraw their troops. Kimmitt said officials had been discussing how to replace the troops since Spanish Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero won parliamentary elections three days after the March 11 Madrid bombings — on a pledge to bring Spanish troops home. Spain says its 1,300 troops will be pulled out within six weeks. In a telephone call Monday, President Bush (news - web sites) told Zapatero he hoped it wouldn't give "false comfort to terrorists or enemies of freedom in Iraq (news - web sites)." Honduras announced a similar pullout Monday. President Ricardo Maduro said his country's 370 troops would withdraw "in the shortest time possible." Spanish and Honduran troops are mostly based in or around Najaf, where U.S. soldiers have been confronting the forces of an anti-American Shiite Muslim cleric, Muqtada al-Sadr. White House spokesman Scott McClellan firmly rejected questions about whether the coalition was unraveling. "The coalition is strong," he said. Kimmitt also acknowledged that U.S. soldiers shot and killed two Iraqis working for the U.S. funded al-Iraqiya television station Monday in central Iraq. He said the two had been filming a military checkpoint and drove toward it, failing to stop after repeated warning shots. Correspondent Asaad Kadhim and driver Hussein Saleh were killed and cameraman Jassem Kamel was wounded near the city of Samarra, the station said. Kamel said that he was driving in a car with Kadhim and Saleh to the city's famous spiral minaret to film a broadcast when U.S. soldiers and Kurdish fighters in the Iraqi security forces opened fire. "We were not filming. We were just driving in a normal car," he said. Kimmitt said U.S. forces fired warning shots three times toward the journalists and their vehicles after they filmed the security posts and drove toward a military base. "After more warning shots, the vehicle didn't stop and continued to approach the base's gate and were engaged with direct fire," he said. Coalition forces were investigating, Kimmitt added. With their deaths, the number of Iraqi and foreign journalists and employees for news organizations killed in the past year — by U.S. troops, Iraqi gunmen or terrorist bombings — rose to 26, according to the Committee to Protect Journalists. The U.S. military has been fighting on two fronts this month — in Fallujah and against a rebel Shiite cleric's militia in Najaf. The violence has been the worst in Iraq since Saddam Hussein's fall. Since April 1, at least 1,100 Iraqis — including civilians, insurgents and security forces — have been killed, according to an Associated Press count compiled from hospital reports, Iraqi police officials and U.S. military statements. At least 99 U.S. troops have been killed in action, surpassing the deadliest full month since the U.S.-led invasion began in March 2003. Lt. Gen. Ricardo Sanchez, the top commander of U.S. forces in Iraq, visited soldiers outside of Najaf Tuesday and said that U.S. troops had killed at least 1,000 insurgents in fighting this month. "They've seen the might of the American military unleashed," he said. He also indicated that there were no immediate plans to storm Najaf and end the standoff against al-Sadr. Najaf is home to the holiest Shiite shrine. "The issue of Sadr is bigger than Sadr. It's about the Shiites and the holy shrines. That's the challenge I have," Sanchez said. Moderate Shiite clerics have warned that an assault would spark outrage. Some 2,500 U.S. soldiers were deployed to Najaf, but that number was to drop by about 500, he said. "We can wait," said Col. Dana J.H. Pittard, the head of U.S. forces deployed outside Najaf. "Ultimately, we still want Iraqis to solve this problem."
The New York Times, citing a Marine officer who spoke on condition of anonymity, reported Hassoun had been traumatized after seeing one of his sergeants killed by an explosive and was trying to make his way back to Lebanon. The officer told the paper Hassoun had sought the help of Iraqis at his military base, but was betrayed and handed over to extremists.