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The roots of this tendency can be seen in Art Nouveau and in the Arts and Crafts tradition of nineteenth-century England, and it came to fruition in De Stijl, the Bauhaus and their influence. ' Thus artists such as Mondrian, Balla, Schwitters or Dubuffet have created total artistic habitats from their art. Others, such as Max Bill or van Doesburg, have practiced architecture and design alongside their painting. Such a state of affairs, however, has made for controversy. And there may yet be lessons to be learned from the traditional buildings of Africa or the spontaneous environmental art of graffiti. |