There are several benefits of a network:
 
 · First of all, it reduces the need of paper communication.
 · It also cuts down the cost of many peripherals and data.
 · Then, It can be a good resource for investing because of emails and scheduling programs.
 · It makes any type of data available to every user who needs it and it allows the users to communicate quickly and effectively.
 · It helps the users to use the peripherals that are available on the network at the same time.
 · It saves more time and it's more efficient.

Despite the previous benefits of a network, many problems can occur to the network:
 · The network could be limited to a specific server.
 · As well as the network could lose a connection, terminator or power.
 · If there's also a break in the cables of the network, the network won't work.
 

Every network has a way of coordinating the sharing of resources.  We can have peer-to-peer network or server-based network.  The type of network depends on many factors like:

 · The size of the organization.
 · Level of security.
 · Network budget.
 · The number of users.
 · It also depends on the amount of traffic.
 · The level of administration.
 

In Peer-to-Peer network, each computer acts as both client and server.

Advantages:

 · It is good for ten users.  Therefore, every user is responsible for their administrations.
 · Peer-to-peer network can be less expensive than the server-based network.
 · There are no dedicated servers among the computers.
 · In a peer-to-peer network, there's no need to have the same level of security and performance.
 · There's no need to have any additional software.

Disadvantages:

 · Although the network makes sharing data is easy for small companies, security is difficult in a peer-to-peer network because administration is not centralized.
 · Security established by each user of each computer, which means that any one can access the network and its applications.
 · There's limitation in the users.
 · If the users are turning off their computers, the network won't work.
 

With the growth of the company we need server-based network.  In addition, server-based network is the best of sharing the resources and data.

Advantages:

 · In this network, the security is very confidential.
 · It can has one or more servers, which depends on the number of peripherals and the amount of traffic.
 · It has a backup of every data that is in the server-based network.
 · There's no need to have any consideration for the clients and for the services because all of these are available on the network.

Disadvantages:

 · It requires a knowledgeable administrator to have full control of what's happening on the network.
 · It needs more powerful servers in order to meet the demands of all the clients on the network.
 · This kind of network is more expensive than the peer-to-peer network.
 · If the server is down, the network will be down.
 

In order to have a good network, we need to have many servers to help the users in doing their tasks more efficiently.  We need to have a file and print server, application server, and mail server.
 

The physical layout, the cables and the other components of the network are called topology.  Topology determines how computers communicate on the network.  It depends on many things like:
 · The network growth.
 · The ways that network is organized.
 · Types of equipment.
 

There are many topologies that can arrange and connect the computers together, but the most widely used is the star bus topology.  In this topology, many hubs connect the computers and these hubs are connected by backbones to the network. I've chosen this topology because if a computer goes down, it won't effect the rest of the network.  Also, the other computers can communicate with the network and with each other.

There are particular components that are needed to build the network.  There are network adapter card, hubs, cables, dedicated Server and backbones.

 · Network Adapter Card.. is the physical connection between the clients and the server.
 · Hub.. is the connection point and it could be as a repeater.
 · Cables.. there are many cables used in cabling, but the most used is the coaxial cable.
 · Backbones.. are the cables which connect the computers and the hubs are branching from them.
 · Dedicated Server.. is the server that is used to connect the computers within a network.