The holy Land was the Crusades failed chief goal. The left a religious hatred behind
them. Christians and Muslims commited appalling atrocities in the name of their religion.
Crusadors often took a religious fury againt Jews which made them anti-Christian. They
mascared entire cities.
Besides the bad side of them they had a positive effect. They helped to quicken the
pace of changes underway by emerging from the Middle Ages. Before the increase of trade
from the Crusades, Europe had designed a taste of luxary goods and merchants brought rom
the Byzantine empire. Crusaders who returned had with them spices, fabrics, and perfumes
from the Middle East to a larger market. The people who built large fleets to carry crusaders to
the Holy Land were Merchants in Venice andd other northern Italian cities.
bitter clashes with feudal monarches were seen by popes, the Crusaders did not end the
split bewtween the Roman and Byzantine churches. The result of the Fourth Crusade was the
Byzantine resement against the West hardened. Power of feudal monarchs power was helped
to increase by the Crusaders. Rulers won new rights to levy taxes in order to support crusaders.
Rulers such as French King Louis IX led crusaders which lead greatly to their prestige.
Money was further encouraged of growth of money economy by the Crusaders.
Nobled need money to finance a journey to the Holy Land. They allowed peasants to apy rents
in money rather than grain or labor.
The Christians soon relized that millions of people lived in regions they have never
known existed because of contacts with the Muslim world. Later Europeans went off to places
like India and China. The expenses of crusaders like Polo exopanded European horizons. Since
the fall of Rome, ir brought Europe into a wider world.
For about 50 years , western Christians ruled Constantinople. A byzantine emperior reclaimed the capital in the 1260s, the emperior did not recovered. Venetian merchants gained control of Byzantine trade. After a seige of Ottoman forces surrounding Constantiople lasting about two months they stormed the broken walls.
s cholasticism were Christian scholars.(religion)
c onflict between faith and reason were tried to be resolved.
h armony was faith and reason.
o ther works of science and mathematics translated from Arabic and Greek also reached Europe.
l adys were thought to be less understanding of education and learning.
a quinas was influenced by the writings of thinkers from medieval universities.
s system was much easier to use than the cumbersome system of Roman numerals that had been
traditional throughout Europe.
t here they set off a revolution of learning.
i n the Middle Ages science made little real progress.
c hristian thinkers changed the way they viewed the physical world.
i n a monumental work, Aquinas examined Christian teachings in the light of reason.
s cientists and mathematicians to make extraordinary advances in their fields because of Arabic numerals.(economics)
m uslim scholars had translated the works of knowledge that reached Europe in the High Middle Ages.
t he religion students studied from university to university. (education)
h ad prayers in the morning and then sat for hours in class.(social life)
e ducation was very important, they spent the whole day learning and memorizing text.
o nly after several more years of study could a man qualify to become
a master of arts and a teacher.
l ife offered few comforts for student life.
o xford and Paris soon had universities like these.
g eometry, grammar, rhetoric, astronomy, music, arts, and logic were taught.
y oung women or any women were not aloud to attend the universitys.(government)
Monks and nuns and both women and men. They devote their lives to spiritual
gods. The Benedictine Rule. Monks and nuns took an oath of poverty. They also took vows of
chastity and of obedience to the abbot. The duties they have are to worship God. Benedict
believed in the spiritual value of manual labor, and he required monks to work in the
fields. Monks and nuns tened the sick. They set up schools for children and set up charitys.
Monasteris and converts performed a vital cultral function by preserving the writings of the
ancient world.
Monks and nuns were better educated and took a more serious interest in cultural.
Other monks like the Venerable Bede in England, Produced scholary works of their own. Not
all monks and nuns remained isolated from the outside world. During the early Middle Ages,
men and woemn risked their lives to spread Christian teachings across Europe.
Other monks suc and Venerable Bede produced their own work. Bede was the first to
use the disignations. But like all writers of the time, he mixed stories of magical miracles with
historic facts. Hildegard of Bingen (1098 - 1179) was a visionary, an abbess, a doctor, a
composer, a politician, a painter, and a theologian. She was dedicated to God by her parents
and became "enclosed", to be educated and formed in seclusion from the world, taking the
habit of a Benedictine nun at the age of sixteen. She became the magistra of the women's
community at the Disibodenberg monastery in 1136, but was instructed by God to take her
"girls" and leave to form a separate convent in 1151. Hildegard was already famous for her
prophecies and visions at this time, and her presence won the Benedictines at Disibodenberg a
great deal of prestige; the monks therefore were fiercely opposed to the move. The head abbot
accused her of acting from pride, but she insisted she was acting according to God's
revelation. In the painting, the irate monks are peering through her window to see what
she is up to, to observe her continuing revelations, and to see if they can't get her to
come back. They are also a bit worried about what she might be saying about them, as she
scolded her fellow religious without any hesitation when she felt they had wandered from
the straight path.
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