There
can be nothing more satisfying, than be able to produce, a new variety,
be it a Decorative, Reflex, Incurve, Single, Anemone, Spider, Quill, Spray,
or Any Other.Type. It can be achieved by a change of form, colouring of
the petals, plant height, vigour, leaf shape and count. It all adds another
dimension, to the study and skill of culture and growing of Chrysanthemums.
It can be very time consuming, but the final results, can be very rewarding,
in the knowledge that you alone have the original and can name the new
seedling after proving trials. It can put all growers and hybridists on
the same playing field as weather conditions, will have little impact
in the early stages. You may not have any success at the beginning, but
perseverance, will certainly give you an insight into the structure of
a remarkable flower which has evolved from the original, which grew in
China years ago, into the present day cultivar. This change has been the
result of intensive hybridising.
HYBRIDISING
This would be the most time consuming method of all, and a fair amount
of skill, and knowledge, is required, such as pollinating, cross pollinating
and compatibilityof cultivars being used, Records must be kept of
the crossings At least two seasons, are required to assess the seedlings
prospects.
MUTATIONS AND
SPORTS
Here knowledge of the bloom and plant is necessary, so you can spot
any difference in form, colour or leaves. Mutationas and sports arise
because of the structure of the chrysanthemum itself. It is a chimaera,
(which in Greek mythology is a fire breathing female monster, with
a Lions head, body of a Goat, and a Serpents tail) however when
applied to a Chrysanthemum, it is an organism, containing genetically
different tissues in three distinct genetic layers.
(1*)The first (L.1) layer consists of the epidermis (skin of the plant)
which covers all the ariel parts, ie. stem, leaves, and petals.
The (L.2.) layer is the thickest, and takes in the cortex (an outer
layer of skin, immediately below the epidermis and phloem, (tissue
which conducts food material to the plant and central areas of all
the petals). The (L.3) layer consists of the roots, and the central
core of the stem, including the xylon (woody tissue). Because it does
not exist in the petals or leaves, it is the least important as far
as mutationbreeding goes.
RADIATION AND
CHEMICAL
Radiation
This is a totally different sphere of action, both methods have been
proved beyond doubt. In the case of Radiation access to a means of
applying the necessary dosage is beyond the reach of the reach of
the normal grower, however it was highly successful with the creation
by Tom Mechin of New Zealand, of the superior types of Anemones, which
have produced Champion Blooms, among the worldwide shows over the
past few years.
Chemical
Without a doubt this is the most interesting section of all, and I
have personally devoted, many hours over the past twenty years in
experimenting and practical attempts to produce just that something
extra special. My real aim, or "Holy Grail" as you might
say is to propagate a true Blue cultivar. The results I have achieved
have been interesting. To date I certainly have not succeeded, but
with more time on my hands, I am determined to carry on.
Chemicals I have used, have included "Alar" for retarding
and dwarfing of plants, in the growing of "Fusuke". I was
introduced to this by Graham Sharpe after his visit to Japan. I had
great success, and grew some Champion Pot plants. This method is very
rewarding and easy to use. I would recommend that it be used more
often for the production of high quality pot plants. I found that
Alar does have one disadvantage in that it tends to fade any pink,
or red colours. It has now been superseded by "Bonsai" which
is far superior in its action, although somewhat more expensive. A
Litre however will last a considerable time.
Finally, there is "Colchicine" which is derived the bulb
of the Colchicium Meadow Saffron, known as the Autumn Crocus. It is
a plant that produces its flowers before the foliage appears, hence
the name "Naked Ladies", has been given to it. It is very
poisonous.
Colchicine acts on the nucleus of each plant cell, and actuallychanges
the chromosome numbers, like radioactive isotopes. Colchicine is effective
when applied to cells which are actually growing and actively dividing.
The best place to find these cells is in the terminal branch buds,
or terminal buds at tips of plants.
It is Colchicine that has transformed the present day African Violet.
There can be little doubt that the goal of developing new chrysanthemums,
even the "Blue One!" is well worth aiming for. One thing
is for sure, whatever method is adopted it will providean exciting
approach to growing and raising Chrysanths, outside the normal propagation
methods, whether you are an expert or novice.
(1*)
"Exploring the Potential" byBarrie Machin
|