Motherboard Basics
Mood:  d'oh
Topic: Pengetahuan Komputer
A recent Tech Tip covered the basics of selecting a computer case (http://geeks.com/pix/techtips-122304.htm) and made mention of the various sizes that correspond to motherboards of different form factors. A few people wrote in expressing interest in understanding more about the basics of motherboards, and that’s exactly what this Tech Tip intends to address. A motherboard, also known as a main board, is the primary circuit board inside of a computer, and is where the central processing unit (CPU), memory, expansion slots, drives, and other peripheral devices are connected. The circuitry on a motherboard facilitates the communication between all of the devices in the computer, making them as critical to a system’s performance as items such as the CPU or memory. The core circuitry of a motherboard is referred to as its chipset, and generally the manufacturer of the motherboard is not the manufacturer of the chipset. Intel does produce motherboards with their own chipsets, but buying a motherboard brand such as Gigabyte, Biostar, and ASUS means getting a board with either a VIA, Nvidia, SIS, or Intel brand chipset. 1. Form Factor The different basic shapes and sizes of motherboards are categorized as form factors. There are several standard form factors available, but some of the more common ones found in desktop computers include: (http://www.formfactors.org/developer/specs/atx2_2.pdf), ATX (http://www.formfactors.org/developer/specs/matxspe1.2.pdf), Micro ATX (mATX) (http://www.formfactors.org/developer/specs/FlexATXaddn1_0.pdf) FlexATX (http://www.via.com.tw/en/initiatives/spearhead/mini-itx/) and Mini-ITX The basic sizes of each are as follows: • ATX: 12" x 9.6" (305mm x 244mm) • Micro ATX: 9.6" x 9.6" (244mm x 244mm) • FlexATX: 9.0" x 7.5" (229mm x 191mm) • Mini ITX: 6.7" x 6.7" (170mm x 170mm) ATX and mATX are by far the most popular motherboard sizes for desktop computers, and as seen in the list above, are also some of the largest. More real estate on a motherboard allows for greater expansion possibilities and extra features, which make the use of these boards more flexible. A Mini-ITX board may feature just one slot for memory and one slot for an expansion card, while a typical ATX board may feature 4 memory slots and six slots for expansion cards. Each form factor has its own niche that it fits into, from workstations and gaming systems for larger boards to media centers and in-car computers for smaller boards. There is definitely overlap between the potential applications of each form factor, and other features and capabilities will also influence the targeted use. 2. CPU Socket The major processor manufacturers, AMD and Intel, are constantly waging a battle to offer the fastest, most powerful processors available. Getting more speed and performance out of a relatively small chip generally requires a change to the physical dimensions as each new generation of processor is released. Therefore, motherboards need to evolve at the same pace in order to accept the new CPUs. Back in the day, AMD and Intel processors shared a common CPU socket, but those days were short lived. AMD and Intel have since been traveling down their own, relatively parallel, paths of performance and speed increases, while using different designs. Selecting a motherboard for a modern AMD processor eliminates the use of any Intel processor, and vice versa. AMD’s current offering for desktop processors includes the Athlon 64, which is available in Socket 939 (http://www.geeks.com/products.asp?cat=MBB#Socket939Motherboards) and Socket 754 (http://www.geeks.com/products.asp?cat=MBB#Socket754Motherboards) formats. The number in the names represents the number of pins present on the backside of the CPU that connect to the motherboard’s socket. The Socket 939 Athlon 64 therefore has a staggering array of nine hundred and thirty nine tiny pins to match up with the motherboard’s socket. The Chaintech VNF4 Ultra (http://www.geeks.com/details.asp?invtid=VNF4- ULTRA-N&cat=MBB) is an example of a Socket 939 motherboard based on Nvidia’s NForce4 Ultra chipset technology. In addition to these two sockets, many AMD processors, including Athlon XPs, Semprons, and Durons, share the Socket A format (http://www.geeks.com/products.asp?cat=MBB#SocketAMotherboards), also known as Socket 462 thanks to it having 462 pins for connecting to a motherboard. Intel’s latest offering for their Pentium 4 and Celeron processors, LGA 775 (http://www.geeks.com/products.asp?cat=MBB#Socket775Motherboards), doesn’t have pins at all and basically swaps the pins to the motherboard for the socket. Perhaps this design move puts the burden of bent pin warranty claims on someone else, but it is fairly unique. The Biostar P4M80-M7 (http://www.geeks.com/details.asp?invtid=P4M80-M7&cat=MBB) is an example of an LGA 775 motherboard based on the VIA P4M800 chipset. Other Intel processors still on the market utilize the Socket 478 format (http://www.geeks.com/products.asp?cat=MBB#Socket478P4Motherboards) for Pentium 4 and Celeron processors. Although most motherboards support just one CPU socket, some applications benefit from having more than one processor to tackle the tasks at hand. Servers and high end workstations are two examples where a dual processor system, such as could be run on the Tyan Thunder i7500 (http://www.geeks.com/details.asp?invtid=S2720GN-2-XEON18&cat=MBB) motherboard, might make light work of more advanced applications. 3. Components ‘Components’ is a fairly vague term to describe this section, but the items to be covered are fairly diverse. Computer systems all use memory, storage devices, and power supplies, but among the many differences motherboards have is the type and quantity of connections for these components. Most modern systems use DDR memory (http://www.geeks.com/products.asp?cat=RAM#184- pinDDRDIMMMemory), but DDR-2 memory (http://www.geeks.com/products.asp?cat=RAM#240- pinDDR2DIMMMemory) is becoming more common and will eventually become the standard. Although some boards provide slots for both types of memory, it is generally the case that either one or the other technology is supported. Besides operating differently, the physical difference of DDR having 184 pins and DDR-2 having 240 pins prevents them from being interchangeable. Going forward, users will have to decide whether they want to jump on the new technology bandwagon when selecting a motherboard, or to try to continue using their existing DDR for as long as possible. Regardless of technology, most motherboards come with 2 to 4 slots for memory, although as mentioned, Mini-ITX boards may just offer 1 slot. Hard drive technology is changing too, as mentioned in the Tech Tip comparing SATA to ATA hard drives (http://geeks.com/pix/techtips-010605.htm). Most motherboards over the past few years have offered two ATA connections, which could support up to 4 drives. With SATA becoming more popular, some boards now offer a mix of ATA and SATA connections, while others have abandoned ATA all together, and instead offer multiple SATA connections which only support one drive each. In addition to type and quantity, motherboards can also offer choices in hard drive capabilities by integrating RAID (http://www.geeks.com/pix/techtips-012705.htm) controllers onboard, as found on the ASUS K8V SE Deluxe (http://www.geeks.com/details.asp?invtid=K8VSEDELUXE& cat=MBB). As systems become more advanced, they many times impose special power requirements to keep them running smoothly. Most motherboards feature the typical 20 pin ATX power connector, while some server boards may have a 24 pin connection in its place. Motherboards for AMD Athlon 64 and Pentium 4 processors will have a second power connection located in close proximity to the CPU socket for providing the extra power that today’s high end processors demand. This special 4 pin connection isn’t found on every AMD Socket A motherboard, but it will most definitely be located on an AMD Socket 939 motherboard. Power supplies have been including this special connection for years, but for those upgrading an old system with a new motherboard, the power supply may be just one more item that has to be upgraded as well. 4. Extra Features Many motherboards now include features onboard that were once only available as expansion cards to be purchased separately. A typical motherboard will now include stereo sound capabilities, a 10/100 LAN connection, and a few USB 2.0 ports on the back panel connection. Depending on the budget and needs of the end user, many motherboards may also include other convenient features such as integrated Firewire ports, VGA connections, and onboard RAID controllers. Although many of these items may be added later with expansion cards, if you know you want them upfront, a bit of installation hassle and expense can be eliminated by finding a board with just about everything you want included. That said, there aren’t many choices of onboard components, so it’s a case of take it or leave it. For example, you may want stereo sound included, but find most motherboards offer 5 channel, where you would prefer 8 channel. In that case, it may be a good thing that motherboards include expansion slots to add the sound card of your choice. 5. Expansion Slots A motherboard typically provides at least one slot for the installation of a graphics card (http://www.geeks.com/products.asp?cat=VCD) and a few slots for expanding the capabilities of the system in other areas. Graphics cards are available in PCI, AGP, and now PCI Express formats, and matching a motherboard to the appropriate card is a key step. Most motherboards released over the past few years include an AGP slot, and the new wave of motherboards are now starting to feature PCI Express slots for graphics card installation. PCI slots are found on most motherboards, but are much slower than AGP and PCI Express slots, so they are not the optimal choice for graphics. ATX motherboards may typically feature four to five PCI slots, and although they could be used for secondary display graphics cards, more common applications include sound cards, network cards, RAID controllers, TV tuners, modems, and USB/Firewire controllers. Considering that many of these items are now included onboard, having multiple PCI slots isn’t quite as important as it used to be. 6. Style With enthusiasts adding windows and special lighting effects to just about every feature of a computer, why should the motherboard be left out of the action? Long gone are the days of the stereotypical green PCB with white connectors, and now most boards feature a vibrantly colored PCB and a rainbow of colors on expansion slots, memory slots, drive connectors, and so on. For example, if someone was undecided on a mATX board for their Socket 754 AMD Athlon 64, style might be the deciding factor. The Chaintech MK8M800 (http://www.geeks.com/details.asp?invtid=MK8M800&cat=MBB) and the Biostar K8VGA-M-N (http://www.geeks.com/details.asp?invtid=K8VGA-M-N&cat=MBB) are similar boards featuring the VIA K8M800 chipset and prices under $70. The golden PCB with black and white features of the Chaintech board may appeal to some, while the red, white, blue, and yellow of the Biostar may sway others. In general, a particular model is only available in one color scheme, and many manufacturers use the same theme across their entire current line up. As an example, the Biostar board for AMD Athlon 64 processors above features the same basic style as this Biostar board for the new Pentium LGA 775 processors (http://www.geeks.com/details.asp?invtid=P4M80-M7&cat=MBB). In addition to coloring, some manufacturers will include LED lighting on chipset cooling fans, or accessorize motherboards with matching cables to complete the unique looks of the board. Some people may scoff at colors being included in the list of key features on motherboards, but there will be some that shop for style first, and then performance. Final Words There are many factors to address in selecting a motherboard, and this Tech Tip really just scratched the surface of the basic choices that may need to be considered. Much more technical decisions may need to be made by the advanced user, but covering the six basic areas discussed above is a good start for users of any level.

5 Simple Steps to a Quieter PC
Mood:  d'oh
Topic: Pengetahuan Komputer
No one wants their computer to be loud, but in order to keep components running at safe
temperatures, cooling fans can wind up making the system sound like a blow dryer. In a
busy office environment some noise may go unnoticed, but as computers find their way
into more rooms of the home, near silence is essential. A computer sitting in the living
room for use with a home theater system has to be quiet so that it doesn't interfere with
the enjoyment of music or movies, for example.
Complete systems and high end components are available to combat computer noise, but
this Tip will look at a few areas to quiet existing systems on a minimal budget.
1. Cooling Fans
The bulk of all noise in a computer system is going to come from the cooling fans
mounted on the case and from any heat generating components such as the processor.
Cases generally employ 80mm fans with ball bearings to keep cool air flowing. Two
steps to reduce noise include increasing the fan size and choosing a fan with fluid or
sleeve bearings. If a 120mm fan can be installed where the 80mm fan presently resides, a
noise reduction can be achieved because the larger fan can move the same amount of air
at a lower rotational speed. In general, the slower a fan moves the less noise it will
make.
The ball bearings on many fans are a source of vibration which in turn create noise.
Selecting a fan with fluid or sleeve bearings will greatly reduce the noise created, which
is generally a good thing, except for one instance. Ball bearing fans can be counted on to
get even noisier just before failure, letting you know when replacement is necessary.
Fluid or sleeve bearings will just fail without such a warning which could jeopardize
other system components. One other caveat to sleeve-bearing fans vs. ball-bearing fans is
that sleeve-bearing fans generally tend to fail sooner than ball-bearing fans.
A quality processor cooler is essential to keep a high powered system running cool, but it
isn't always necessary to run the fan installed at full speed. Some coolers, such as the
Cooler Master Aero 4, include a simple fan speed dial that can be mounted either in the
back or the front of the case for convenient adjustment. For those bold enough to run
plumbing inside a computer, water cooling kits such as the Cooler Master Aquagate can
take cooling performance and quiet operation to a whole new level.
Many cooling fans will actually list the decibel level of the noise that they generate. The
lower the number, the better. In practical terms, below 20 decibels (db) would be super
quiet; 20 to 30 decibels, somewhat quiet; 30 to 40 decibels, somewhat noisy; and over 40
decibels, just plain noisy.
2. Cases
The design of a case is a key factor in the system's cooling performance and noise
generation. A case with ample ventilation is required to keep the components cool, and a
few things can be done to achieve this without adding to the noise level. "Of most
interest is the availability of multiple fan mounting locations in a case, as well as the open
area provided for the fans to move air." (not sure why there are quotation marks around
this sentence.)
Taking a look at the back of this Gladiator ATX Window Case shows that the user has
the flexibility to mount an 80mm fan, or opt for the previously described benefits of a
120mm fan. But, the perforations provided for the air to pass through are somewhat
restrictive, which could add to the noise level as the wind whistles through the small
openings. This is nothing that someone handy with a Dremel couldn't remedy, but for
those who don't want to cut up their case, compare the Z-Alien ATX Window Case to the
Gladiator. There is much more open area for a 120mm fan to pass the air without
restriction. Along the same lines, but applied to other areas of the case, the X Blade ATX
Window Case has a fairly open design on both the front grill and the side panel for 80mm
fans to draw in cool air.
Experimenting with the size, speed and placement of case fans can lead to a setup with
adequate cooling and low noise production that might not be expected. It is possible for
some cases to be cooled well with a single 120mm exhaust fan while leaving the other
various fan locations empty. The noise will obviously be less with fewer fans running
and if the temperatures are acceptable there is no need to use all of the fans just because
they are there.
3. Fan Controllers
Fan controllers are available in numerous configurations, but they all serve the same
function… to allow a fan to run at something other than full speed. Just reducing a fan's
speed by 5-10% can have a noticeable impact on noise, but zero impact on cooling
performance.
Some fan controllers operate automatically, using a thermal sensor to vary the speed of
the fan in direct proportion to the temperature sensed. This type is convenient as it
requires no user interaction but eliminates any possibility of custom control.
Manual speed controllers put all of the power in the user's hands, generally with a dial
that adjusts the fan's speed by varying the resistance on the line powering it. The Cooler
Master Cool Drive 4 is primarily a hard drive cooler, but it also serves the function of a
four channel manual fan speed controller. From one digital control panel, up to four
temperatures can be monitored, and the corresponding fans can be monitored and
controlled to maintain a healthy balance between noise and temperature.
4. Power Supplies
The typical computer power supply features two 80mm fans to keep it cool, which will
obviously also generate some noise. Fanless power supplies are now available that
generate zero noise, but none have found their way to the shelves at Geeks.com. These
fanless power supplies don't follow the guidelines of typical design and there are other
ways to quiet a power supply without removing the fans all together. The MGE Vigor
450W Power Supply incorporates two ideas already discussed in other sections in order
to reduce noise from the power supply. It features a larger 120mm fan to move more air
with less speed and a fan speed control knob to allow the user to reduce the speed even
more, if they desire. Some other companies, such as Clever Power (which Computer
Geeks sells from time to time), specialize in making super quiet power supplies with a
variable fan that automatically increases and decreases the spin of the fan depending on
the system's power draw.
5. Noise / Vibration Isolators
Products are available to reduce the vibration caused by system components, as well as to
insulate the case to keep the noise from escaping. Examples of some of these isolation
products can be applied to many areas of a computer system and may drastically reduce
the overall noise, no matter what components are installed. For the bottom of the
computer case, rubber feet are available to replace the hard plastic ones generally found.
Silicone gaskets can be installed between a power supply or case fan and the case to
reduce the transmission of vibrations and the amplification of noise. If you want to keep
the noise inside your case, there is even adhesive backed sound insulation that can be
applied to the inside walls of a computer case.
Final Words
The number of components and accessories available to quiet a computer is
overwhelming and growing daily as people become fed up with the noise from their
vacuum cleaner… I mean computer! Silencing a computer can be a costly endeavor, but
taking a few relatively inexpensive steps can have a drastic impact on the noise produced
by the common computer system. Before starting on any sound reduction upgrades,
analyzing a system to pinpoint the areas in need of the most attention will help determine
the best course of action and the best way to spend any money.

Power and Your PC
Mood:  d'oh
Topic: Pengetahuan Komputer
The power coming into a computer is the most critical component, and it may be one of the most overlooked. It is just taken for granted that it will always be there and working properly. A top of the line processor and ultra powerful video card do nothing if a system does not receive the ample, stable power it demands. Having quality components providing and regulating the power supplied to a computer is critical, and this brief overview looks at a few areas worth consideration. Power Supplies Computer power supplies take the high (110V or 220V) DC voltages from an electrical outlet and convert it to the various lower AC voltages required for a system to operate. The typical voltages required inside a computer are 3.3V, 5V, and 12V, where the 3.3V and 5V lines are generally used to power circuitry, and the 12V line provides power to run items such as hard drives, optical drives, and cooling fans. Power supplies are sold in terms of their total power output, in terms of wattage. Choosing the correct power supply means not only finding one that will provide enough power for all of the components connected to the system, but also one that is the correct size physically, has enough connections for typical drives and fans, and if necessary, that also has special connections for things such as Serial ATA drives and modern video cards. Choosing a power supply with enough power shouldn’t be much of a problem, as having more power than you need is never a bad thing. Just because a power supply is rated for 400W, or perhaps 600W, does not imply that it is drawing that at any given time. It just indicates the total power available to the various lines inside the computer. For those interested in getting a good idea of their minimum power requirements, this Power Wattage Calculator is a convenient reference. In addition to checking out the total wattage of a power supply, looking for strong amperage ratings on the 3.3V, 5V, and 12V lines is also recommended, as power supplies with identical total power ratings may distribute the power to the various lines in different quantities. Power supplies come in a few different physical sizes, but the most common are designed to fit the standard ATX and micro ATX (mATX) form factor cases. A typical ATX power supply, such as this Echo-Star 680W unit, measures 3.25” x 6” x 5.5” and features two cooling fans to not only cool the power supply, but to also help draw hot air out of the computer. A typical mATX power supply, such as this A-Power 320W unit, measures 2.5” x 5” x 4” and due to the smaller size features just one cooling fan. mATX cases are generally much smaller than ATX cases, and therefore have smaller power supplies, with generally lower power ratings, and fewer connectors. The connectors on a power supply also deserve consideration. Most power supplies come with what looks to be an electric octopus of wires hanging off the back surface, and you need to make sure that somewhere in that tangled bundle are all of the connectors you need. The power supply should at least have as many connections as the number of drives, cooling fans, and other items found in the case. Up until recently power supplies had a fixed number of connections, and if you needed more, you needed to use splitters to distribute the power to all the components. Modular power supplies, such as the Ultra XConnect 500W unit, are now available that eliminate that “electric octopus” all together, and allow the end user to connect just the cables they need. The flexibility of a modular power supply design not only lets you customize the connections to your needs, it also makes for a simple and tidy installation, since there are no extra wires dangling inside the case. The selection of a high quality power supply may cost more money up front, but down the road it could wind up saving money. Many manufacturers now offer power supplies that consume less energy thanks to high quality internal components, advanced designs, and active power factor correction. These units are now able to provide the same power to the components in a computer, but due to increased efficiency, draw less power from the electrical outlet. Surge Protectors Surge protectors are intended to protect your electronics from a brief increase in voltage caused by such things as lightning, rolling blackouts, and heavy drawing electrical equipment. A surge protector reacts to divert the extra electricity to ground, and thus protects your expensive computer equipment from damage. A surge is any increase lasting three nanoseconds or longer, so a surge protector needs to react quickly. Most surge protectors also include a fuse (or breaker), and if the surge is too great to be handled without interruption, the fuse will blow. Although the fuse may be destroyed, it’s a small loss compared to what it may have saved. Surge protectors come in all shapes and styles. Some basic models can even be found at your local dollar store, but offer no more than a few outlets connected to a breaker. No serious protection is obtained, but many people just want more outlets, not protection. More serious surge protectors will probably cost a bit more than a dollar, but will offer some peace of mind that your equipment is actually being protected. In addition to protecting from electrical surges, some devices include extra features such as conditioning to filter out line noise and ports to protect other lines such as cable television, telephone, and networking. The Fellowes Smart Surge Power Strip protects up to 10 devices from surges, as well as offering line conditioning and ports to protect your phone line. A highly appealing feature of such a surge protector is that 4 of the ports are designed to accept bulky AC adaptors. For those with surge protectors that weren’t designed to be this user friendly, there is still hope in the form of Power Strip Saver Cables. Basically just 7 inch long extension cords, these items can come in very handy when trying to connect multiple AC adaptors to a more traditional surge protector. Uninterruptible Power Supplies Many people familiar with Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) know that they can keep a computer up and running during a total power failure, but don’t know what else they do. Most UPSes will also provide protection from voltage surges and sags (when the voltage drops below normal), as well as protection from the possibility of a shift in the electricity’s frequency. UPSes come in two varieties, standby and continuous, although standby versions are far more common and less expensive. A standby UPS allows the devices connected to it to run from the normal electrical connection until a loss of power is detected, at which point it quickly (in a matter of milliseconds) switches to the battery backup of the UPS. A continuous UPS always has the devices connected to it running off of battery power, while the batteries are recharged by the normal electrical connection. UPSes are sold in terms of their capacity, in terms of VA (voltage multiplied by amperage). This implies that devices connected to the UPS can draw a maximum of so much amperage at a specific voltage. A run time after a power failure is also generally specified for a UPS based on a full load being placed on the device. Selecting a UPS needs to be based on the intended use… A smaller unit, such as the Fenton 600VA, would be adequate for powering a typical desktop computer, monitor, and smaller peripherals such as a printer and lighting for what they rate as 15-23 minutes at full load. If multiple systems need to be powered, or perhaps there are plans for future expansion that will add to the power demands, a larger unit such as the Tripp Lite 1500VA may be more appropriate. The first two units are intended to be set in close proximity to the devices to be powered, perhaps on the floor behind a desk, but if you are seeking to add a UPS to a server, there are also rackmount solutions such as the Opti- UPS 1100VA. No matter the application, sizing a UPS may seem overwhelming. One manufacturer, APC, has created a handy UPS Selector Application which will take some of the guess work out of choosing the right UPS for any particular application. Final Words A computer system is only as strong as its weakest feature, and many times that distinction falls on the power supply and related components. By choosing a quality power supply, surge protector, and perhaps a UPS, one can make sure that they have adequately strong and stable power to keep their system running now, as well as down the road when upgrades may increase the demand on their system.

Bluetooth Basics
Mood:  happy
Topic: Pengetahuan Komputer
Bluetooth Basics Bluetooth technology is nothing new, but in many respects it still seems to be more of a buzz word rather than a well understood, commonly accepted technology. You see advertisements for Bluetooth enabled cell phones, PDAs, and laptops, and a search of the Computer Geeks website shows all sorts of different devices taking advantage of this wireless standard. But, what is it? History Before getting into the technology, the word Bluetooth is intriguing all on its own, and deserves a look. The term is far less high tech than you might imagine, and finds its roots in European history. The King of Denmark from 940 to 981 was renowned for his ability to help people communicate, his name (in English)... Harald Bluetooth. Perhaps a bit obscure, but the reference is appropriate for a wireless communications standard. Another item worth investigating is the Bluetooth logo, shown above. Based on characters from the runic alphabet (used in ancient Denmark), it was chosen as it appears to be the combination of the English letter B and an asterisk. Capabilities The FAQ on the Bluetooth.org website offers a basic definition: "Bluetooth wireless technology is a worldwide specification for a small-form factor, low-cost radio solution that provides links between mobile computers, mobile phones, other portable handheld devices, and connectivity to the Internet." Just like 802.11 b/g wireless networking systems and many cordless telephones, Bluetooth devices operate on 2.4 GHz radio signals. That band seems to be getting a bit crowded, and interference between devices may be difficult to avoid. Telephones are now being offered on the 5.8 GHz band to help remedy this, and Bluetooth has taken its own steps to reduce interference and improve transmission quality. Version 1.1 of the Bluetooth standard greatly reduces interference issues, but requires completely different hardware from the original 1.0C standard, thus eliminating any chance of backwards compatibility. The typical specifications of Bluetooth indicate a maximum transfer rate of 723 kbps and a range of 20-100 meters (65 to 328 feet - depending on the class of the device). This speed is a fraction of that offered by 802.11 b or g wireless standards, so it is obvious that Bluetooth doesn't pose a threat to replace your wireless network. Although it is very similar to 802.11 in many ways, Bluetooth was never intended to be a networking standard, but does have many practical applications. Practical Applications Browsing the Computer Geeks website shows a variety of products that take advantage of Bluetooth's capabilities, from laptops and PDAs, to headphones and input devices, and even wireless printer adapters. Laptops, such as the Toshiba Tecra 9000, include an onboard Bluetooth adapter to allow the system to connect to any Bluetooth device right out of the box. For laptop or desktop systems that do not have an adapter built in, there are USB Bluetooth adapters, such as the Belkin F8T001. Bluetooth enabled PDAs, such as the HP iPAQ hx4700 , allow for convenient wireless synchronization and data transfer. Headphones can take advantage of Bluetooth for two purposes… audio playback and mobile phone communications. Using something like the Logitech Mobile Headset with a Bluetooth enabled mobile phone allows anyone to go hands free, as well as wire free. Logitech, and other manufacturers, also produce input devices that eliminate wires thanks to Bluetooth. You can add a Bluetooth mouse to your system, such as the Logitech MX900, or both a mouse and keyboard using something like the Logitech diNovo Media Desktop. One advantage that Bluetooth wireless keyboard/mouse combinations have over the standard RF wireless keyboard/mouse combinations is range. Where most standard RF keyboard/mouse combinations have a range up to 6 feet; a Bluetooth keyboard/mouse combination will usually have a range of up to 30 feet. The HP JetDirect BT1300 Bluetooth printer adapter makes sharing a printer extremely convenient by eliminating the need for any wires or special configurations on a typical network. Printing to any compatible HP printer from a PC, PDA or mobile phone can now be done easily from anywhere in the office. Final Words At this point the popularity of Bluetooth might not be as large as some proponents would have hoped, but many devices are available for those interested. The cost and competition from other standards have hindered the widespread acceptance, but Bluetooth does offer a viable solution to many devices that might not have wireless connectivity without it.

Untuk Awal
Mood:  blue
Now Playing: Assalammu'alaikum for all
Topic: Baru ke Satu
Hai... Hai.. everybody yang sedang online dan melototin ini blog, bagaimana kabarnya everythink is OK, we wish. Kacau sekali susunan bahasanya ya..., spertinya harus belajar menata bahasa dengan baik dan benar sesuai dengan jalur kereta yang ada (lho kok jalur kereta, singkatnya rel gituh). Pada blog ini berisikan tulisan-tulisan ala kadarnya dan sederhana ndak muluk-muluk yang penting bisa dibaca walau kadang bikin bosen bin bete and ngeselin. But why not to try write anythink in our head to make be feel better. Apakah ada yang setuju, untuk konfirmasi dapat menghubungi pihak yang berwajib hehehehe...... tertipu.