What is an electron?

 

The 1960 McGraw Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology defined the electron as follows: "An elementary particle of ordinary [visible] matter which is negatively charged".  But there was no picture or mechanical description of it anywhere though its measurable characteristics were discussed at length. In the 1968 Encyclopedia Britannica, it was written that " An electron must be defined in terms of its own properties, and in terms of its behavior under various conditions." In other words, there was not then nor is there now a detailed mechanical picture of the electron that you will find anywhere that can be said to be a part of the standard model of physics as it is currently being taught! To the author, any truly valid scientific theory must be able to picture the electron as the most elementary and all-important building block of ordinary visible matter below the size of the atom, and which indelibly serves as the atom's most vital constituent!

 

The first real attempt to mechanically describe the electron came from Richard Feynman as given in his 1963 3-volume paper back publication "The Feynman Lectures on Physics", Volume I, page 37-1 where he wrote the following very much worth quoting remarks.  "Newton thought that light was made up of particles, but then it was discovered, as we have seen here, that it behaves like a wave. Later however (in the beginning of the twentieth century), it was found that light did indeed sometimes behave like a particle………. Now we have given up. We say: "It is like neither". There is one lucky break, however--electrons behave just like light. The quantum behavior of atomic objects (electrons, protons, neutrons, photons and so on) is the same for all, they are all "particle-waves", or whatever you want to call them. So what we learn about the properties of electrons (which we shall use for our examples) will apply also to all "particles", including photons of light."

 

One will here show that Newton and Feynman and the theory of quantum mechanics as he stated it above are correct. But they never drew pictures of light as waves of particles because they could not see or position particles to make a wave that could have the various qualities of impact showing up in experimental data. The extraordinarily capable German physicist-mathematician, Erwin Schrödinger had came up with a "wave function" to predict the distribution of particles if we just knew what they were and how they were caused to form a wave. When German Physicist Max Born suggested that the wave had to be a probability function such that it could predict the highly variable scattering results of the experiments by setting the necessary problematic conditions of Erwin Schrödinger's wave function, everybody jumped on it and now a wave is believed by the overwhelming majority of those who called themselves a scientist to be made of "nothing" until the wave function is said to collapse to produce the current position of an electron as a particle of constant mass. This approach eventually became successful at not only the prediction of sub-atomic particle behavior, but also the orbiting of everything from electrons to planets -- compatible with Newton's F  =Ma mechanics! No one could successfully challenge it, yet it is so mechanically false that it totally blocks the minds eye of those who learn to employ the theory so that they truly believe that the ability to predict and mechanical truth are the same thing.

 

Very few scientists have ever really understood the full negative logical entailment of introducing probability in such a fundamental way. Causality itself became the ultimate casualty by the end of the twentieth century.  Einstein never accepted it and spent the last 30 years of his life trying to discover how to complete his theory so that quantum mechanics would become just a temporary mathematical fix. If Einstein could not refute quantum mechanics - who dare try to do so? Guess who! And this author finds the solution to be a correction and completion of what Einstein so magnificently started.

 

The standard model electron translated to fluid space model terms

 

The complete fluid space definition of the electron describes what the standard model does not, namely it's vividly clear 3-D mechanical structure as a deterministic wave.  The electron wave is so simple one does not need to draw a picture that would have to be a crude approximation at best.  But one can intuitively picture in the mind's eye very precisely by using the multiple windows technique whereby each window of detail is a nested inset belonging to an overview that cannot possibly show that detail because in the scale of the overview. Said again, the detail is way too small to be seen, except in a special inset.

 

Imagine that there is a line of 1/h = 10²⁶ spinning beads that manage to always just touch one another in a least friction, lowest energy state manner. The beads must be spinning in a mutually coherent manner in that where they come in contact there is a constant speed rotation in the same direction. How is the constant interface speed condition maintained? By instantaneous shrinking, expanding and orientation of the spinning beads to make it so as a natural lowest energy state marking feature of dark matter.  Now imagine that an electron is a helical string of 1/h² = 10⁵² extremely tiny G-size Higgs particles that trace a series of world lines around the 1/h spinning dark matter beads forming the line. That’s 1/h Higgs particles per bead world line.

 

The beads are here called R-size mass pts. The Higgs particles form a ray (wave) of light where the electron is a heavy photon in open space where the dark matter fluid viscosity is 1/c, which simply means that the speed of electron wave propagation along the imaginary centerline of the beads is always measured as c.  The relationship between the radii of the R-size spinning bead and the G-size Higgs particle is given by the universal harmony (UH) expression, R/G = 3v² = ÖM as previously explained. UH is embedded in Newton's gravity energy law, GM(m =1)/R = 3v² for the potential energy of the unit mass pt at the boundary of a mass, M, whose replacement sphere radius is R.  Just plug in the fact that M = (R/G)² and see for yourself. Newton's potential energy then becomes the 3-axis spin energy of the R-size mass pt. The open space electron as measured is the movement of G-size Higgs particles along the curved (helically coiled) line as projected along the centerline of the 1/h spinning R-size beads, where the speed of wave propagation is measured by all observers as equal to c. That is, the movement of the Higgs particles as observed along the beaded line in the measured direction of the ray of light in open space is seen as a constant speed, c.

 

But there is another Higgs particle speed that must be mechanically visualized here for ultimate causal detail. The speed of the Higgs particle in orbiting the center of the R-size mass pt is much faster than c and we shall here call it v_max =Ö(1/3h) » 237c, or [3(v_max)²] = 1/h.

To understand why an accurate 3-D projection picture cannot be drawn, the size of G relative to R as seen by the observer at the center of the R-size mass pt is G/R = 1/3v² where v = v_max, which works out so that G/R = h, or G = Rh, so that G is 1/h = 10²⁶ times smaller than R. Of course that means that you cannot draw anywhere near to scale as there is an astronomical number of G -size mass pts required to form a single helical coil turn world line around R.

 

It turns out mechanically precise to let the minimum energy quantum of radiation energy be that single turn of the helical coil and be comprised of 1/h Higgs particles! In other words, if one lets the Higgs particle mass be 3h³ and it travels at an orbit speed around R of v_max, then the Mv² kinetic energy of the quantum of 1/h Higgs particles as one wavelength turn of the helix is [(3h³)(1/h)](1/3h) = h  --- as discovered by Max Planck! So here we have in one fell swoop the mechanical visualization of the quantum Psi-curve wave (the problematic wave function no longer required) and the electron as a tandem connected string of 1/h quantum. It will take precisely 1/h electrons of h amount each to equal one unit of mass expressed as radiation energy per E = Mc²!  The h-symmetry is way too gorgeous to dismiss and it leads to a correction of Einstein's space curvature in the direction of small and finishes his no-force-at-a-distance quest by letting his E = Mc² be an ongoing AC mode operation of the atom as a truly prodigious oscillator of electrons that satisfies every famous experiment of history!

 

So what if it takes 15 times of reading this and shaking one's head to get aboard, it is better than the continued abyss of stupidity that Wheeler-the-best says we are in. Seeing electron travel in open space as electric current flow will soon help greatly to stop one's head from spinning as it is indelibly shown that the vague notion of charge is also unnecessary, and that redshift of starlight is not an indication of universal expansion.

 

Light as open space electron flow and how we got basics wrong but succeeded anyway

 

As Feynman clearly said, an electron acts just like a photon of light and vice versa the photon of light acts just like an electron.  So it entirely correct to state that electron movement in open space is current flow that produces electric and magnetic fields at right angle to one another. But what is the mechanical pushing/pulling source and sink power supply, and what is the conduit? The conduit is of course the beaded line of dark matter R-size mass pts and it is clear that the push/pull mechanics have to be emitting/absorbing groups of atoms at some distance apart across open space with resonant or synchronous interaction. Stars emitting light create beaded lines of R-size mass pts that go all the way to distant atomic sinks that interactively absorb the light. One must then see a beaded line of R-size mass pts extending for each ray of light from source to sink in a contiguous no-force-at-distance way. This is how come the nonlocality of the standard model (so scratch that vagueness too!)

 

The maximum density helical string light ray of Higgs particles is being extruded by source and sucked by the sink. Mass is being converted to energy in real time per Mc² = E at the source end, and the sink end is re-converting energy to mass per E = Mc² --but only as seen by the transfer of energy in open space along the centerline of the helical string. One will show that the electron mass stays constant at h, but the R-size mass pt gets larger (redshifts) as it starts exit the source field and then smaller (blueshifts) upon entering the home field of the sink to go inward to where the absorbing atoms are located.

 

As the R-size changes, the distance per pulse changes so frequency of one turn pulsing of h amount of energy changes - so the rate of energy transfer along helix centerline varies in terms of the apparent time rate of flow called "current". Change that produces an apparent decrease in energy is called redshift, and change that produces an increase in energy is blueshift. The names come from the fact that the red part of the spectrum for light corresponds to a lower frequency of pulsing (larger R-size mass pts) than the blue part of the spectrum. The energy of light is measured by detecting the frequency of pulsing, f, in a standard way then multiplying it by Planck's constant, h, or E = hf. The energy, h, is the minimum energy quantum that goes with each world line pulse around an R-size mass pt regardless of its relative size, so the number of pulses and R -size mass pt travel by the light per unit of time determines the relative energy that is measured to distinguish one light ray from another. But frequency as measured is strictly a local R-size mass pt as pulse distance averaging that is given by a resonating detector. One needs to examine carefully here what the famous photon energy relation, hf, really means up close and personal.

 

When a light ray touches seeing apparatus whether retina or other detector instrument, the no-force-at-distance contiguity every step of the way demands a terminal R-size mass pt of a certain size as energy input to the detection process. There is indeed a frequency of pulsing involved, a distinct color of the light as received. From our experience looking at stars such as a red-shining planet mars, we tend to associate the received color with the transmitted color to the extent that we get a view that is clear of atmospheric interference in a spectral sense. If we are looking at things immediately around us such as grass or a fire, the colors we see are indelibly assigned to the transmitting object.

 

We have no problem analyzing the molecular make up of the transmitting object per the frequency, f, wavelength, 2pR, speed, v, relationship, f = v/2pR, where R is the input R-size mass pt radius. For distances and orientations of energy transfer like the images of the planets, there is some measurable redshift or blueshift depending on whether the light is going against the pull of Solar System gravity or with it. But for the close up things here on the surface of the Earth, the changes in the R-size between source and sink are negligible with respect to detection and numerical assignment of frequency.

 

The important mechanical visualization here is that we detect frequency of pulsing directly and not the speed of energy transfer or the size of the input R-size mass pt. But the frequencies we get and our knowledge of how the detector detects and what it is made of tells us the R is of a molecular size. This is true of the retina of the eye as well. Yet a very serious mismatch problem lies in our assumptions about redshift as we relate measured frequencies with known source atoms in correlating star data. Our accumulated spectral data and the known atomic make up of the Sun and stars would not let the atom be the radiator in the mechanically visualizable way offered by f = v/2pR. So instead of focusing on the R-size difference between source and sink, Bohr cleverly abstracted a mechanically false wiggling of the electrons in orbit inside the atom that would compensate for purposes of most experiments. This falsity of electron numbers and dynamics within the atom combined with the problematic approach to the electron's energy distribution is what was never accepted by Einstein for the very good reason that it does not make good intuitively-held sense!

The upshot of the Bohr miss-modeling of the atom and the miss-construction of the electron and other particles wave structure led to a miss-interpretation of Hubble's accumulated star data and to a general acceptance of the mechanically ridiculous notion of universe expansion.  A huge cottage industry of false science then sprung up about Big Bang and Big Crunch to the someday-soon huge embarrassment of the scientific establishment. Mathematicians born and bred inside Plato's Intellectual Cave who also call themselves physicists gleefully jumped on this abject mechanical silliness, and now need to start swallowing hard from Wheeler-said stupidity.

 

With unit distance per pulse being a variable, and with the pulse energy being constant at h, do we really know what hf means in a mechanical sense? The answer is no we do not.  We even have the wrong dimensions assigned to h, namely energy-sec or length-squared per unit time, and call it by the mysterious name "action" when it is the minimum energy quantum and should have the dimensions of length squared per unit time squared. That means hf is energy per unit time and if we dimensionally note at the local mass pt level that the unit distance of movement, d, is variable, then R is the distance energy is moved so as to define local force acting at R. That is, h/d is the energy per unit distance or the force being applied to the given R-size mass pt to get the quantum to the R-size mass pt next door.

 

Since h is constant no matter what the size of the R-size mass pt, the mass pt size alone marks the local gradient or gravity force of the unified field at any given moment of time. The minimum quantum of time is a local time, i, that is variable for dark matter energy transfer per distance from the center of the field, but constant for light energy transfer in open space.

 

The quantity hf is a measure of the energy or current flow per unit of time and Maxwell's concept of the fluid flow of "charge" in open space is mechanically false and not needed. Just as in the case of the copper wire conductor, the energy is seen as passing along the surface of the R-size conductor and we know from measurement along the centerline of the conductor  that the speed of  transfer is constant and equal to c.  Changing of the R-size mass pt as local distance is what makes the speed say constant as the lowest possible energy state which in this case is a conduit-localized maximum. And here is the important measurement difference in the open space transfer of energy - we actually measure the time it takes for the light to get from point A to point B so that we can compute the speed as known distance divided by know time of travel, or c = d/t. That is, we see with our eyes and other instrumentation that the light always travels a fixed distance c in open space in one second! Space and time is dimensionless and this is how it tells us that it is--local distance and local time are made synonymous!

 

How do we convert light travel to energy flow, to electric current, to mass? You can use Ohm's law that says current is equal to the energy divided by the distance as a measure of resistance! That is, I = E/R = h/R!  Said again, Ohms law is a definition of unified local force as a constant minimum quantum of energy passage per R-size mass pt. The size of R, just like resistance in the electrical circuit, is indexing current as local gravity gradient and force! If you have a beaded line ray with a count of R equal to N that adds up to a resistance of c, then the current flow and applied force is F = Nh/(NR = c) = h/R, so that force variation is about R only!  If average open space resistance to flow is R = hc, then it takes 1/h of R to equal c. That’s how many R-size quantum one turns that it takes to make an electron whose constant mass is equal to h, so it takes that many inside the atom in circular orbit at the core too!

 

 A helical string quantum count determines the mass of the particle. But the length of the helical string called an orbiting electron is about 10^-13 cm in the core of the atom, about 10^-8 cm at the outer boundary of the atom, and about 10¹⁰ cm in open space. The along helix centerline length of the electron segment of the string marks the distance from the dominant black hole. In open space the average radius of the black hole that forms the R-size mass pt is 10¹⁰ cm. The value of c here has two meanings (1) it is the distance of the open space average R-size mass pt to its controlling black hole, (2) the average length of the electron's 1/h Higgs particles as projected onto the helix centerline as computed by (1/h » 10²⁶) times (R » 10^-16) which boils down to c » 10¹⁰ cm. If you want a good feel for this, think of the altitude above the Earth's center where true open spaces starts as being at about 10¹⁰ cm.

 

Per E= (M = )c², the electron energy is c-squared in open space, and if it stretches over the distance c, then the current flow per Ohms law is I  = E/R = c-squared divided by c. That is, the electric current applicable to an electron moving in open space at a constant speed of c is equal to c! Why all this c-symmetry for open space? Because its resistance to Higgs particle string energy flow is equal to c, or the viscous lag per unit distance compared to instantaneity, for electron flow happens to be 1/c!

 

The ripple of change to contiguous, pre-existent, synchronously vibrating dark matter caused by the movement of the maximum density helical string may gravity-field-signal ahead in an "instantaneous" way, but it takes the electron train called a tandem continuous string of Higgs particles a real time interval equal to 1/c  = 3.33x10^-11 seconds to actually arrive. So Einstein was wrong in correcting Newton on the relative instantaneity of felt changes in gravity force. The pre-existence of gravity force from outer boundary of the Solar System to its one centimeter radius black hole, gives us the mark for what real time means in terms of  light travel from the Sun. The proliferation of neutrinos currently being detected from the Sun may signal sudden changes to its pre-existent spherical gravity field.

 

Neutrinos might then prove Newton's sense of instantaneous in terms of how fast sudden field boundary changes are registered with other distant but always touching spherical dark matter fields. As atom growth neutron shells disappear from so much loss of internal energy, their massive sudden reductions in radius impacts the solar system pre-existent field. The sudden-disturbance change to pre-existence itself is the communicated by neutrino's spherical fan out from the Sun in a purely vibratory manner.

 

The electron is universal messenger for atom-made awareness. That awareness is being re-generated in real time at the speed of light or something close. The universal messenger only gets to knock once on our door per cycle of re-generation. Our news of change is always late by one cycle of our self-generation. Another way of saying the same thing with greater feeling is that it takes the full length of one electron going at the speed of light to give us even one bit of new information about anything! Again, space knows nothing of either distance or time and tells us by the way pre-existent dark matter instantaneously shrinks and expands to make the speed of light constant or electron energy so that distance and time are synonymous.

 

No wonder our best particle physics mind, Leon Lederman used the phrase "If the Universe is the Answer, What is the Question?" as a subtitle for his book, "The God Particle".

 

Why electron charge must now be done away with

 

Leon Lederman led the author to the Higgs particle as "The God Particle". His candidness about what we know for sure and what we do not know for sure was pivotal in bringing about this fluid space theory that completes what Einstein set out to do. Einstein himself wound up spending his last 30 years trying to extend his theory instead of fixing it so as to eliminate quantum theory. He once proudly stated that his theory might prove wrong but was not changeable and it has been said in many ways that one of the great beauties of his theory was its rigidity, its invulnerability to change. But all that proud and beautiful saying was based on a belief in the abstruse mathematics that very few, a mere handful of humans ever come to fully comprehend.

 

The fact is--Einstein made a tragic intuitive-logical mistake when he concluded that matter is necessarily discontinuous and could not fully support his notion of "continuous field". He put a "motive" gap between material points. By "motive" is meant that an infinitesimal gap of "math-polarizable nothingness" was placed between his space-filling material points so that energy might coherently fill the gaps according to the known laws of physics as given by math equations - instead of by an underlying universal harmony (UH). By his own admission, his continuous field left the mass pts that were supposed to fill and create it, be mathematical singularities therein! Einstein at that moment had clearly lost his focus on no-force-at-a-distance and causality.

 

When you let the math equations put physical reality into the human mind before you make sure it follows universal harmony everywhere all the time, you get it very wrong at the ends of big and small as a minimum consequence. Laws and experiments so far have only scratched a thin veneer of physical reality and leave totally un-surmised that "whole" of the universe as well as that "universe" of each integral infinitesimal part - which are both so real time intimately and genetically critical to all life and all cognizance! Until the vague notion of "charge" goes away in the mind, it does not have a chance to fully comprehend, much less model, these holistically nested universes.

 

Had he kept his focus, Einstein would have found a way to eliminate Maxwell's fluid "Charge" which was viewed as a point like sphere that must flow between the material points that filled his concept of field-space. Maxwell himself concluded that space must somehow be polarizable without the help of mass pts. Einstein knew very well that both Newton's and Maxwell's field concepts left the mysterious force-at-distance problem unresolved and it was his every intention to remove that that problem as the basis for a unified field for both Newton's gravity laws and Maxwell's laws of fluid charge flow. Einstein incorporated both gravity law and Maxwell's laws instead of seriously questioning the validity of the concept of charge. It is ultimately the notion of charge that inserts force-at-distance into Einstein's unified field at the local mass pt radius level of atom to atom interfacing and below. Quantum mechanics successfully invented complex problematic math that would be compatible with Einstein's macroscopic field unification to allow successful prediction at the electron to electron and other particle levels of interaction. But it was mechanically without causal validity; it was math-elite cognizance doing it and not that of Einstein's "Old One".

 

A completion of what Einstein wanted to do was hiding from him for 30 years in his energy-matter relation E = Mc², where a unit of mass, M, had to become 1/h electrons of mass h each, and each electron comprised of 1/h² quantum one-turns of the helical coil formed by 1/h Higgs particles for each quantum. The quantum and the electron segments of the helical string, with their Higgs particles traveling at anywhere near the speed of light had to have the impact of both a solid particle and of a wave. But no one until now has had the imagination to see a virtual an infinity of smaller dark matter particles forming the wave, even though Higgs particles were the central focus of Lederman's "The God particle".  But letting a string of 1/h² Higgs particles get into the picture of the electron, it is imperative that one get rid of the notion of charge, and agree with Newton that light and radiation is made of waves. It will not be easy as the overwhelming majority of established scientists today incredibly believe in and gropingly depend upon waves of too-convenient math-malleable nothingness. This book is not for them .

 

If we dismiss the vague notion of charge and let electric current be comprised of an astronomical number of Higgs particles that are flowing in a mechanically solid maximum density helical string way, we are almost there in a purely intuitive sense. But no highly educated person can absorb it today without relating it thoroughly to existing trusted theory.

 

Getting rid of "Charge" using trusty Ohm's Law

 

Using Ohm's law like it were unified force in open space, the time rate of flow of energy is I = local gravity force as energy flow per unit of distance and time = hf = hc² = E/i » 10^-6 ergs/sec » 1/10⁶ is a good measure of the current flow per local unit time and distance as the electron energy passes a given unit R-size mass pt that is maximally spinning. In open space, we are then blessed by constancy for light speed (at c), for frequency (at c-squared) and of the R-size mass pt (at hc » 10^-16 cm) as projected onto the helix centerline. The triple constancy means that the photon energy relation, hf, becomes a very specific hc² in terms of energy per second and that corresponds the energy of an electron as heavy photon traveling at c in open space.  That is, the electron is a finite helical string segment of light traveling at the speed of c along the helical string centerline.  But our measurement of frequency, f, as opposed to the actual local mass pt level of frequency, f', uses our standard second of time. During a one second interval,  a huge number of local unit R-size mass pts have been pulse-traveled.

 

If we let the R-size mass pt in open space be 1.98644544x10^-16 cm, and multiply that by c = 2.99702458x10¹⁰ (the speed of light as a number on the order of 30 billion centimeters per second), then we get h times c-squared or about 10^-6 ergs/sec for an electron energy that is a light ray whose length is c, and whose duration is one second. If we then think of c as a unit length of light, then we can view hc² as an expression for energy per unit distance, which is the force produced by moving the electron over a distance equal to c in one second.   

 

The science student and the well established scientist reading here who knows about dimensions analysis is going to hiccup and say, "wait a minute, h has the dimensions of energy-second so that when you divide by one second as in hf, you get energy not energy per unit time!" But please my Dear scientific minds, one is here trying to correct Einstein's very forgivable mistake and get rid of Maxwell's notion of charge altogether! And unify field and force at last!

 

To the knowledgeable person, one can only ask them to see the mechanical visualizations here until they feel beyond any intuitively held logical doubt, in their guts, that h needs to be the pure measure of the minimum "energy" quantum. A quantum that is re-radiated by each R-size mass pt making up the along centerline light ray regardless of the mass pt size. This simple step by step mass pt to mass pt re-radiation process being the basic logical requirement for no-force-at-a-distance energy transfer and the presence of unified force as pre-existent gravity everywhere all the time. A pre-existent field force that beautifully and gut-logically supports Newton's claim of instantaneous gravity force application, and the currently much touted concepts of universal synchronicity and nonlocality! The word "pre-existence" here is meant to rigidly imply that the energy transfer we are able to measure is happening in real time as an overlay or modulation ( a local change of mass pt properties) compared to what is already there as a always ready ether-like mechanical-vehicle-of-passage.

 

Since the speed of light is due to 1/c-viscous shrinking and expansion of the R-size mass pt as unit distance to mark lowest possible energy state for the space being occupied, and that energy state is locally maximum and constant, then the R-size mass pt size must be constant when carrying energy in open space. The frequency of pulsing in open space is therefore also constant. The energy state of the R-size mass pt is given by the universal harmony (UH) expression R/G = 3v², where v is the average spin rate about each of three axes - which are at right angles with respect to each other. Those axes come together as a single infinitesimal (sufficiently small) math pt marking the geometric center of the R-size mass pt.    

 

As pre-existent dark matter, the R-size mass pt instantly adjusts radius and spin to mark the lowest energy state for the given location with respect to the causal black hole at the center of the field. The closer R is to the black hole of the larger inclusive field, the smaller in size it must become and the faster it must spin to mark energy state and the gradient of gravity. As a component of visible matter, the R-size mass pt is caused to become an element of maximum possible, black hole level density-- as a real time inset-overlay on top of the pre-existent gravity field. That is, when the R-size mass pt is a contiguous element in the extrusion of Higgs particles as a light ray from a hot star it becomes a black hole itself. The picture here is that the wave-particle light ray is a maximum density helical string of black hole G-size Higgs particles that are being extruded around a beaded line succession of variable size maximum density R-size mass pts.

 

The only reason for R and G as constant names for the Mass pt Two-set is because UH insists that as a two-set they always have the constant ratio as open-space-energy-transferring black holes of R/G = 1/h = 3(v_max)².  But of course we only get to observe and measure the progression of the light ray along the centerline of the helix so that v_max  at the surface of R projects as c in open space as the propagation speed of the helix along the centerline of the helical string. Thus in open space where electron current flow serves as light travel, R/G = 3c² as measured. Of course at the moment the electron winds around the R=size  mass pt in one-quantum-at-a-time segments, it is orbiting about the center of the R-size mass point at the speed of v_max  » 237c.  The speed of the electron (as light ray) as it orbits in the core of the atom as an element of stored mass per E = Mc² goes to a centerline speed of v_max -- in order to represent string maximum density at its location with respect to the atomic black hole.

 

Real "charge" is an electron stored in an atom's core with two possible right angle orientations within any given electron shell. Once we understand the true structure and dynamics of the atom, Maxwell's notion of charge has a completely new meaning and we discover that his equations for energy flow should never have a value less that the minimum energy quantum, h. The zero energy of the vacuum then gets tossed in the trash bin, and we have to do better than religiously math-believe in "re-normalization" and "uncertainty".

 

The electron structure within the atom and in open space

 

All atoms have a central black hole of constant radius equal to 10^-14 cm that grows in radius only to later decay by adding then loosing neutron shells that were once proton shells. The detail of the new atomic model will be visualized in detail later. For now, one concentrates on the fact that the standard electron must be based on its temporary storage in the core of the atom where its energy is equal to one erg, and its mass is equal to h.

 

The open space electron must then be redshifted or given a larger orbital radius, r, and lower frequency of revolution as the defining outer boundary of a much larger black hole. The electron in stationary orbit around a black hole whose radius is R = c in intergalactic space must have length of 2pc, as compared to the electron in black hole orbit storage inside the atom at 10^-14 cm - a factor of 1/h longer length! It turns out that the speed of orbit at the black hole core of the atom yields a frequency of revolution of 1/h and the frequency of revolution in open space is c-squared - a redshift of 10^-6 that corresponds to the mass-storage to light energy transfer per E = Mc², where M = h as the fixed mass of the electron. The essential standard for the electron is its mass -- set at Planck's constant, h, so that one can say it is not only quantum electromagnetism but quantum gravity, and of course quantum electric and magnetic flux as current flow.

 

Electric energy moves along helical string centerline as measured current flow and magnetic energy means the time-distance curled current flow at right angle to along centerline as statistically inferred. The combination of the two current flows constitutes the traveling wave of Higgs particle movement and defines the fine dark matter grain "vortex" of the unified field that Faraday vividly saw and successfully experimented with.

 

The current smaller value for electron mass by a factor of 10^-2 is based on the mechanically warped concept of charge and the companion misconception about spectral frequency or wavelength data and the way the atom is falsely held directly responsible for those spectra. In dispensing with the notions of charge and universe expansion as misinterpretations of the elastic non-linearity of pre-existent dark matter, we gain a much better understanding of the atomic constants as they are adjusted so that the fine structure constant becomes unity.

 

One makes the fine structure constant equal to unity by equating the open space photon energy with the energy of the electron as a unit of charge, e. That is, we set hc = 2pe², so that the dimensionless fine structure constant, a = 2pe²/hc = 1, where all the adjusting is done by changing the unit of charge to e = Ö(hc/2p) and not using it except to verify that the fluid space theory works for prediction much better than the standard model.

 

Te redshift/blueshift confusion in current best theory is because the helix centerline R-size pulse distance in a given field varies with distance from the galactic black holes of the source and sink star systems. And then for electron length in traveling from source to sink star system bulk matter, it all about the radius of the R-size black hole as it makes its extruded maximum density helical string way one contiguous mass pt at a time. The larger the R-size mass pt, the lower the apparent frequency of pulsing. Giving up on having the idea of spatial "flatness" that we can mentally run faster on because its smallest increments of scaled change are always the same, is very difficult for the human mind, We much prefer the mental ground we run on to not be constantly and violently shaking in universal vibration synchronicity. But the only way to have no-force-at-distance and get rid of totally illogical "nothingness" is to let the unit of distance for the quantum transfer of energy vary as a function of its distance from the dominant black hole that is mechanically stirring the spherically symmetric structure of the gravity field that must be there ahead of time as vehicle for the real time movement and shaping of energy flow for least friction and lowest possible energy state. 

 

As light energy leaves the field of the source star and enters the adjacent field of the sink atomic material, the distance to the new dominant black hole of the sink field is decreasing so the R-size carrier mass pt as pulse distance is shrinking. The source and sink atoms are gravity fields themselves and the net redshift and blueshift in moving from atomic core to outer boundary and vice versa cancels out. But the relative distances of the brighter (more hot) source and less bright (less hot) sink atoms from their larger black hole field centers is what makes the light received here on Earth appear to be net redshifted. The typical bright distant star is generally much closer to its central black hole than we are here on Earth. Thus one can scratch the apparent redshift of light as being indicative of an expanding universe!

 

Although source and sink differences tend to balance at the universe level so that the average frequency of open space pulsing is equal to c-squared » 10²¹ pulses per second, the frequency of pulsing at the core of the atoms as source and sink gravity fields with black hole centers is 1/h » 10²⁶ pulses per second. Said again for emphasis, the energy of an electron sized photon of light in open space is equal to hc² » 10^-6 ergs, but is increased to h(1/h) = 1 erg at the core of the atom. The factor of 10⁶ as net blueshift is due to the fact that the speed of the orbiting electron goes from c at the outer boundary shell of the atom to 237c at the innermost proton shell core. So we are confused terribly about the energy of electron inside the atom.

 

Outside the atom in open space we currently do not even admit the possibility of the electron as the atom-define minimum segment of a ray of light. We failed to see that that dark matter is a fluid medium that automatically provides a black-hole-beaded line conduit of R-size mass pts along which light proceeds as contiguous current flow from source to sink.  The individual light ray light is the passage of energy as maximum density current flow in the mechanical and fully deterministic form of a helical string of Higgs particles.

 

 As the Higgs particles are extruded or pushed/pulled by the power supply they do a natural mechanical screw turn around the R-size mass pt beaded line that by definition must be contiguous from a resonating group of source atoms to a resonating group of sink atoms. The author likes to say that the stars are literally touching our eyes as we see them in real time!

 

Electricity, atomic valence, and the primary basis for differentiation of the physical elements, hinge on the electron. As defined here in fluid space terms, the electron is that entity which exists within the atomic envelope shells and in the nucleus, and passes into the interstices between atoms to build the binding loops of molecular matter. The electron is created as a fundamental quantum of energy stored in and released by the typical atom in prodigious numbers in order to mark it vibratory energy state.

 

The fluid space model electron is visualized as radiation or light and not as a solid point-like visible matter particle; it is therefore capable of traveling at the observed speed of light. That is, the electron is seen as a wave made of very solid dark matter black hole Higgs particles that are locally traveling at the speed of 237c around each R-size mass pt. The fluid space model electron must have a constant mass of Plank's Constant, h, measured in grams--- as it exists at different energy levels and string lengths inside and outside the atom. In open space at the interfaces between always touching galaxies, star systems, and planetary bodies, the energy, the force, and the mass of the electron is benevolently constant as radiation or light of all frequencies, and as current flow in a Maxwell-defined sense. If that UH-driven benevolent constancy were not so, we could not exist and think, much less observe and measure.

 

One here acknowledges that standard model quantum electrodynamics employs the mathematical equivalent of "a fluid space" in the definitive attributes of Maxwell's electromagnetic field. It is also recognized that in employing its "metric field" concept,  modern quantum electrodynamics has successfully encompassed chemical law. The practical tools of quantum electrodynamics are therefore expected to remain as such. For the most part, the fluid space model explanations merely clarify why the standard model works.

 

The model described here makes it possible to understand physical reality in intimate detail without having to be a math genius. Hopefully, the fluid space interpretations of basic laws will lend new and vital levels of insight and understanding to the standard model in many areas where only relative confusion exists; even among experts. The ability to predict with good success seems less understood than it has ever been, and science is not the better for it.