JAN RUTKOWSKI'S GRAVITY WHEEL
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Jan at
motion81@hotmail.com
With comments or for explanations.
PERPETUAL MOTION
The Break Through
By Jan Rutowski
The idea
of perpetual motion is nothing new. It was discovered and proven
by ORFFYREUS in the beginning of the 18 century. He invented a
working system using the gravity force to power his wheel. This
made him famous in history. He described his invention in a book
written in Latin and German. The front page begins with a
dedication to God, to the public, to man of learning, and to
himself as discoverer. His work was certified by scientists of
the day. Why don't we have this great invention to this
very day ?To understand one another we communicate in words or
sentences. In words we can express precisely the thought of
the mind. So far everything seems to be correct. Wrong! We
know that over the centuries some words change in meaning.
If we look in the dictionary from 17-18 century some words have a
totally different meaning to the one we know today. It is a
big problem because even a small change in meaning can
change the way people think. Worse still, they are convinced they
are right when, in fact, they are wrong. A few words of
explanation in reference to perpetual motion .
To gain an understanding of anything at all one must depend
on definition What we classify as emotion - pleasure - pain -
sound - colour - intuition are difficult to measure although they
can be described in physical form . My concern is the two
words "perpetual" and "forever". The
word " perpetual " convey a different meaning to
different people. Example. To a student of physics it
speaks of a cycle that is repeating it self or action "non
stop". An astronomer immediately thinks of something
continuing " forever ".But
how far is "forever"? Thousands of years or
perhaps millions . In resent years the concept of perpetual
motion has passed into oblivion. I would like to explain
why this is so. Most perpetual motion devices were usually
designed with weights falling down or swinging around the force
of gravity. Before Newton no one knew what was holding them to
the ground. There was no definition for such a force. They simply
didn't know about it. The knowledge of sixteenth and
seventeenth century classified gravity force (weights) in the
same category as colour, smell, taste. Now you can see what we
are faced with. By the changing of colour or smell we do not
expect the wheel to turn. To this day this is impossible.
After Newton's introduction of his "Principia" our
concept of gravity force changed completely . Weight are no
longer classified with taste, smell or colour. but nobody
bothered to change the law in relation to perpetual motion.
So it has remained like this to this very day. Not many
people know that we have three classes of perpetual motion.
FIRST-CLASS IS THE CREATION OF ENERGY.
SECOND-CLASS IS THE REVERSAL OF ENTROPY.
THIRD -CLASS IS THE ELIMINATION OF FRICTION.
There are pseudo types of perpetual motion but who is going to be
bothered to look into a definition from 17 century and
start changing all of that. The definition for the "perpetual
motion" machine in Newton's time was :
" A machine that works without outside energy input. Later
it was added that it has to do a useful work as well, and it will
continue to do so till it wears out. It was as practical
then as the car is to us today. If something breaks down
you change the part and continue driving . As time passes we
observe the definition tend to undergo changes even to the
extent to claim that the machine is an impossibility, and now we
read; (quote, The World Book Encyclopedia ) Perpetual motion
machine is a hypothetical device that can continuously produce
work with no energy input, continuously convert energy completely
into work, or continuously produce more energy than it consumes.
No one has ever succeeded in building a perpetual motion machine,
and almost all scientists and engineers believe no one ever will.
For a machine to achieve perpetual motion , it would have to
violate one or both of two laws of thermodynamics. These laws
summarise how machines work.
The first law states that energy cannot be created or
destroyed. Energy may change form - for example, from internal
energy to mechanical motion - but the total of any system remains
the same . A system may be anything from a simple object to a
complex machine.
The second law says that heat , by itself, can flow only from a
hot object to a colder object. Inventors have proposed at
least two kinds perpetual motion machines. The first kind would
run forever with no energy input. The second kind would
continuously convert energy completely into work. A machine that
would continuously yield more energy than it consumes is
considered by some experts to be a third type of perpetual motion
machine. Other experts class this device with the first kind of
perpetual motion machine. The first kind of perpetual
motion machine violates the first law of thermodynamics. This
machine will not work, because resistance opposes the moving
parts of all machines. To keep running, the machine must use
energy to overcome this resistance. Without energy input,
therefore the machine soon stops. The second type of
perpetual motion machine violates the second law. This type of
machine traditionally does work by exploiting the natural flow of
heat from a domly moving molecules in the sea or the atmosphere.
But no machine has been able to do this, either. A machine
that would continuously produce more energy than it consumed also
violates the first law of thermodynamics. this machine would have
to create energy. Some people have considered artificial
satellites as possible sources of perpetual motion. This
quotation can go for ever. It comes from The World Book
Encyclopedia.
How about ORFFYREUS's wheel? It was proven and certified by
friends of Sir.Isaac Newton. ORFFYREUS wheel violates all
of the laws. His wheel was working simply on geometrical division
in the wheel it self. Please continue reading my article,
the answer is in the wheel.
DEFINITION.-1905-.
The original Webster International Dictionary -1905-.
Perpetual Motion (Mech.)
An incessant motion conceived to be attainable by a machine
supplying its own motive force independently of any action from
without.
My question is ; Why above definition did not stay forever
without changes?
Not many
people are able to understand that present prejudice in education
is one of the main reasons why Perpetual Motion has not been
discovered. By the time someone has the knowledge needed to
invent Perpetual Motion, he is convinced it cannot be done.(
quote from book. Perpetual Motion Inventors R.A.Ford.)
Who
changed this definition and why ? What was the reason for hiding
this significant invention ? For further information the
following books can be recommended.
1.Perpetuum mobile (second series 1870 ) by Henry Dircks
2.Strangest of All 1962 by Frank Edwards.
3.Oddities, A Book of Unexplained Facts (1965) by Rupert Gould
4.Physics for Entertainment (1975) by Ya Perelman.
5.Nature Engine ( 1971 ) by Dipankar R.Dutta.
ORFFYREUS very short story can be found in Encyclopedia of
Britannica look under " Perpetual Motion".
Here I'm going to quote a few good examples from book R.A.Ford.
With the passing years, the conviction that Perpetual Motion is
impossible has become so strong that a few scientists are aware
that there are three classes of Perpetual Motion.( quote from
book. Perpetual Motion Inventors R.A.Ford.)
Perpetual motion may not have been invented because of the
overspecialisation of educated men.( quote from book. Perpetual
Motion Inventors R.A.Ford.) Before any invention can be
discovered, it must be theoretically possible. The inventor
must have an understanding of how the invention works and be able
to get the needed parts. After this may come years of development
before investors are convinced it is practical and will return a
profit. ( quote from book. Perpetual Motion Inventors R.A.Ford.)
The reason college professors feel that Perpetual Motion is an
impossibility is because they have heard of cases in the past
where people have worked on Perpetual Motion , and it has always
been a failure. They have come to feel that it is contrary to
their educational knowledge to assume that Perpetual Motion is a
possibility. We should be understanding towards them for
they may not be aware of all the facts.( quote from book.
Perpetual Motion Inventors R.A.Ford.)
Elias Bessler - ORFFYREUS - ( was born 1680 in Zittau -
Saxony ) He studied ,theology ,medicine, mechanics and the
art of painting ,In his later years he also worked as a
watch-maker. When he was 34 years old he constructed his
first wheel which turns without any outside motive power. This
wheel lifts 18 pounds a few feet high. The wheel also was
used to power his grinder in his workshop. In 1712
in the province of Gera - ORFFYREUS - presented his second wheel.
He also published a book with explanatory notes and illustrated
it with drawings. In my opinion ,history is not giving a
true account of the events, surrounding ORFFYREUS wheels. All the
information I have been able to trace ,points to the fact that
the wheel was covered with canvas, so the insides wasn't seen.
It seems a contradiction, on the one hand, to publish a
book with all the explanation, and then on the other hand
try to keep it a secret. In 1713 ORFFYREUS presented a
still bigger wheel with a diameter of 1,5 m and a thickness
of 15 cm. The revolution of this wheel can reach up to 50 turns
per minute, and was able to raise 40 pounds off the ground.
It was displayed at Draswitz near Lipsk. In the
Encyclopedia Britannia the definition for perpetual motion goes
as follows: it is a machine which once set in motion will
continue that motion non stop without any outside input of energy
,added to that description such machine have to do useful work as
well, and it was doing exactly that. ORFFYREUS next wheel
was presented in Merseburg and the size was 2 m in diameter and
30 cm thick. The constructor became very famous and he received a
certificate acknowledging his wheel was the perpetual motion
machine, stating that the sufficient precautions had been taken,
to ensure that the performance of the machine was not due to
fraud. It was signed by a number of scientists some of whom
were well known and friends of sr.Isaac Newton. History
shows that from that moment things started to turn sour for
ORFFYREUS. As his invention became more and more
popular the general feeling in the community turned
against him .His certificate proves the existence of perpetual
motion, and this was an insult to influential people. It
contravened the accepted law of nature and physics.
The breaching of these laws landed him in jail (for insulting a
monk ). In these circumstances ORFFYREUS met up with
Prince Karl of Saxony who bailed him out and offered
him lodging in his castle. Now ORRFYREUS is working on his
new wheel. He had a workshop, tools and an influential sponsor.
But now new problems appeared Prince Karl was faced with
financial tax problems imposed upon him. His castle became
a major tourist attraction. He informed scientists
throughout Europe about ORRFYREUS project and many people
arrived to see the perpetual motion wheel. Somehow a co-operation
was formed between Prince Karl and ORFFYREUS, together they
decided to sell the secret of the wheel.
I personally think that it was from this moment that they started
to cover the center of the self turning wheel. Earlier the wheel
was known to be very simple According to Prince Karl's note
it is said: to be so simple that a carpenter boy could make it.
They negotiated with England for some time and apparently the sum
of 20000 pounds was ask for the secret. For that time it was
impossible for anyone to meet such a demand. ORFFYREUS
believed that soon or later fortune would be his, if he could
convince influential rulers, scientists and bankers, that he had
indeed discovered the real secret of perpetual motion.
Between scientists and bankers a dispute developed. Bets were
made involving large sums of money. Most of them still had
doubt that such a machine was in existence. To resolve this
dilemma they formed a committee which included some eminent men
such as intellectuals, scientists with a knowledge of mechanics.
Back in the castle in the year 1717 committee decided to seal off
the room where the perpetual motion wheel was situated.
Members of the committee specified the exact position in the room
for the wheel. Thus the chance of any outside interference
was eliminated. The door was sealed off with wax, and continually
watched by guards. After 20 days the door was opened, and to
everyone's amazement the wheel was still turning. The wheel was
stopped ,everything checked, and then restarted. Again the
door was locked for a few weeks. When the door was opened
the wheel was found to be still running with the same regularity.
There were those who lost lots of money, but they refused to pay,
they maintained that such a machine do not exist. It goes
contrary to the law of physic and nature. Again ORFFYREUS
was accused of foul play. This despite the fact that he fulfilled
all the demands in accordance to the definition on perpetual
motion. ORFFYREUS won the prize but never saw the money.
There is also evidence to the existence of ORFFYREUS wheel in the
Russian chronicles. It is on record that Tsar Peter the Great was
willing to pay 100 000 rubble's for the secret .He had planned a
trip to Saxony but later same year he died . ORRFERUS was
left penniless unable to honour his obligation to his sponsor and
Prince Karl in turn could not pay the tax-man. Some of the
scientists, who were members of the jury tried to look
under the canvas to reveal the secret. This angered
ORFFYREUS so much that he went into a rage and smashed his
machine to pieces with an axe. This is the fascination of
the story: there are facts in history that should be faced. There
a pieces of testimonies of extremely knowledgeable witnesses. It
is a dilemma to the world of physics .This perpetual motion
machine was certified by Duke Karl in 1718. Let us presume that
ORFFYREUS wheel was a simple discovery, that is still to be
announced, and this would be a challenge to rethink and re-examine
the laws of science. Think about the benefit to HUMAN
CIVILIZATION.
This is a letter to Sir Isaac Newton written by Professor of
mathematics W. J. Gravesande. (Quote
Source :"Perpetuum Mobile" by Dircks)
It is a hollow wheel, or you can say drum, 14 inches (35
cm.) thick and 12 feet (3.5 metres) diameter .It is very light,
as it consists of several cross-pieces of wood framed together,
and everything is covered over with canvas, to prevent the inside
from being seen. Through the centre of this wheel or drum runs an
axis of about 6 inches (15 centimetres ) diameter cut at bough
ends by iron axes of about three-quarters of an inch
(2 centimetres) diameter upon which the
machine turns. I have examined these axes, and I'm firmly
persuaded that nothing from without the wheel in the least
contributes to its motion. When I turned it but gently, it always
stood still as soon as I took away my hand; but when I gave it
any tolerable degree of velocity , I was always obliged to stop
it again by force ; for when I let it go, it acquired in two or
three turns its maximum velocity , (then) it revolved at 25 or 26
times in a minute.
This letter is directed to J.T. Desaguliers and written by
Baron Fischer, architect to the Emperor of Austria. I must assure
you that I'm quite persuaded that there exists no reason why this
machine should not have the name of Perpetual Motion given to it;
and I have good reason to believe that it is one, according to
the experiments which I have been allowed to make by permission
of His Serene Highness.who had the patience to be present at the
trials which I made during two hours. It is a wheel which
is 12 feet (3 metres ) in diameter, covered with oil-cloth. At
every turn of the wheel can be heard about eight weights , which
fall gently on the side towards which the wheel turns. This wheel
turns with astonishing rapidity , making 26 turns in a minute
when moving freely. Having tied a cord to the axle, to turn an
Archimedean screw for raising water, the wheel then made 20 turns
in a minute. This I noticed several times by my watch and I
always found the same regularity. I then stop the wheel
with much difficulty, holding on to the circumference with both
hands . An attempt to stop it suddenly would rise a man from the
ground. Having stopped it in this manner, it remained stationary;
and here - Sir,- is the greatest proof of it being a
Perpetual Motion. I restarted it very gently, to see if it would
of itself regain its former rapidity- which I doubted, believing,
as they said in London, that it only preserved for a long time
the impetus of the impulse first communicated. But to my great
astonishment, I observed that the rapidity of the wheel augmented
little by little until it had made two turns, and then it
regained its former speed, until I observed by my watch that it
made the same 26 turns a minute as before, when acting freely;
and 20 turns when it was attached to the screw to raise water.
This experiment,-Sir- showing the speed of the wheel to augment ,
from the very slow movement that I gave to it , to an
extraordinary rapid one, convinces me more then if I had
only seen the wheel moving a whole year, which would not have
persuaded me that it was perpetual motion, because it might have
diminished little by little until it ceased altogether; but to
gain speed instead of losing it, and to increase that speed to a
certain degree in spite of the resistance of the air and the
friction of the axle, makes me unable to see how anyone can deny
the truth of so describing it. I also turned it in a
contrary way, when the wheel performed as before. I
carefully examined the axles of the wheel, to see if there was
any hidden artifice; but I was unable to see anything more than
the two small axles which the wheel was suspended at its centre.
ORFFYREUS provided description of his invention in published
pamphlet.... the translation
reads in part
( Quote Source:"Perpetuum Mobile" by Dircks)
" The internal structure of the machine is of a nature
according to the laws of mechanical perpetual motion, so arranged
that certain disposed weights, once in rotation, gain force from
their own swinging, and must continue this movement as long as
their structure does not lose its position and arrangement.."
" Unlike all other automata, such as clocks or springs, or
other hanging weights which required winding up, or whose
duration depends on the chain which attaches them, these weights
, on the contrary, are the essential parts, and constitute the
perpetual motion itself; since from them is received the
universal movement which they must exercise so long as they
remain out of the centre of gravity; and when they come to be
placed together, and so arranged one against another that they
can never obtain equilibrium, or the punctum quietus which they
unceasingly seek in their wonderfully speedy flight, one or other
of them must apply its weight at right angles to the axis, which
in its turn must also move."
ORFFYREUS PARADOX
The drawings and function of ORFFYREUS two wheels come from his
book. They do not give a clear view. Too many details tend to
distort the overall picture. I've studied the drawings for
some time and I've made a working model. During the study I
selected seven points from ORFFYREUS statements. Then I
proceeded to prove the possibility of the continuos motion of his
wheels. This are the seven points from his book.
1. weights on one side were further from the axle .
2. continual imbalance give wheel rotation .
3. once in rotation ,gain force from their own swinging.
4. apply its weight at right angles to the axis .
5. weights passed over the zenith position.
6. simple arrangement of levers and weights.
7. eight weights falling at every turn.
The wheel has two parts, one rotates, the other is motionless.
The latter was designed to collect weights, rise them up, and
supply them back to the wheel at a right angle passing through
zenith point. It is very difficult to imagine such a wheel.
The drawings I have shown two different working system. The
wheel displayed in Duke Karl Castle has a diameter divided in to
six equal parts. On that drawing there's a scale, which in fact
is equilibrium where one side has twenty weights and the
other twelve. To keep the balance eight weights are missing.
So I discover point NR. 7- -eight weights tapping at every turn.
Those eight missing weights are on the frame of the wheel.
They are on one side and always on one side ,and because of this
they turn the wheel. The second wheel was built in
Draschwitz near Lipzig. This wheel has a radius divided into
three equal parts and only one part was used. This part was
divided into two equal parts ,these two equal parts were divided
one into six the other into seven. Now I want to explain the rest
points previously mentioned. very important is the first
point. "The weights are always on one side and further from
the centre." Consider a pushbike standing upside-down,
place object on top of wheel, now observe, the wheel will turn,
and the object will fall off, but the wheel continues to
rotate. For better understanding let's glue an object for example
a fifty cent piece ,to top of tyre. Now the wheel starts to
rotate with the coin from top to bottom, and surprise, is not
stopping will continue turning towards starting point. However,
it will stop before reaching this point , it will then swing back
and forth with less and less momentum till stops. Now if
one weight is giving this movement let's find out what happens if
we have two weights. Place one weight at top of the wheel, and
the other at the bottom. We now discover that the wheel is not
moving at all cause it is in balance. Let's now go
back to our first point. m convinced the problem, with the
weights always being at one side and further from the centre, is
solved by using only one weight placed on top of the wheel and
taken off at the bottom. This is the only situation in
which the wheel turns by itself. Now if we, somehow, find a
method whereby weights are placed on top of the wheel, then
travel down with a frame, taken off, and lifted beck again to
starting point, then we can keep the wheel in constant rotation.
Keep in mind that everything has to be automatic without any
outside interference. Let's imagine that the weights we use
are golf -balls and the wheel in our project have the ability to
catch the ball at the top of the wheel and release it at the
bottom. The biggest problem is with the raising of the
balls. Contrary to common physics , this cannot be achieved
without outside input of energy. But is this so ? Hands up who
believe and understand scientists. Through science we know
a lot , but in everyday life the average person does not connect
motion to simple physics .
Example.
A playground and children on a seesaw ( equilibrium ).How many of
us can associate a see-saw with the push-bike wheel, or draw the
circumference around equilibrium ? So far not many. But this is
the answer to ORFFYREUS wheel. Imagine two children (same weight)
on a see-saw. They are in perfect balance and neither can touch
the ground. All we have to do is to place one child closer to
axle , and the other child becomes heavier and touch the ground.
That is a fact. Now place one child on one arm of
equilibrium about three meters long. On the other arm about 30 cm.
from centre we place a very heavy person. Is the child's weight
able to raise the heavy person up ? OF COURSE .This is simple
physics . From this little exercise we learn that any object
gains in weight the further it is place from the centre , the
opposite applies as we move toward the centre on opposite side of
see-saw. The child gains advantage at the rate of about ten
times more then the very heavy person. Come back to the
wheel. One ball is ale to lift up seven or eight balls , but only
to the height of one. That is just enough to place next
ball to rotate wheel. The description from ORFFYREUS book
look very close to the situation with the see-saw . "
Weights are situated further from centre of gravity , weights are
in motion , and they are on one side of the wheel. In that
arrangement the weights are non stop supplied to the wheel in
zenith position ninety degrees angle to the axle.
Wheel must turn till someone stops it. ORFFYREUS discovered
the paradox of the possibility of lifting up those weights in the
centre of the wheel and used the idea in his famous wheel.
I call this the power of one , where one unit is always able to
lift rest of the units coming from division of radius in the
wheel.
Now
I have to remind you that the wheel has two parts . One
motionless the other movable .Balls travel only a quarter of a
circle , if they go to the bottom they have to climb back higher
distance to the top and that was waste on energy. Number
eight come from division of the circumference in to 8 parts
and every point was a nest for a ball to hold it and to release
it at about ninety degrees level then roll it self on platform 4%
slope to the center. It looks like the same physics with
the law of conservation of energy is able to prove the existence
of perpetual motion.
author- Jan Rutkowski assisting in translation
Sigmund Bonde Rasmussen
Description of rising system
ball NR.4
is place in the nest.(dot line) on the wheel, and whole wheel is
working as lever to rise balls 1,2,3.NR.4 is moving with the
wheel until 90 "level from zenith point. The platform
has a slope 2-4 % to the center of the wheel. Ball NR. 4 is
taking position where NR.1 was because 1,2,3, are already up.
The blocking pin stops them from falling down.
Physical and mathematical proof of the system.
every ball is 1 kg.
Ball NR.4 is further from the centre of the wheel about four
diameter's of 1 ball = 10cm.
ball 1,2,3, is 3 kg. and is after centre 10cm.
there is no balance because one ball is missing. That ball is on
the rim of the wheel and is moving.
We can
easy estimate that left side with 1 kg. is heavier as
opposed to right side where there is only 3 kg. And that is
because 1 kg. is about 4 times further from the centre .For
balance to be restored right side must have 4 x 1kg.weights, but
seeing this never happens (one weight is always on left side ) we
have achieved the phenomenon known as perpetual motion .
Thanks to physics we can proof historical genius to
Orffyrius and lets hope that is not going to take another
280 years to recognise this.
ABOUT THE DRAWINGS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS
PAGE.
All drawings are showing the principle of ORFFYREUS - paradox
idea . His idea was slowly developed to a more efficient working
model which is shown in drawings Perpetual Motion Part 2 -A-
and -B-.
A brief explanation to the Perpetual Motion Part 2.
The seesaw (equilibrium) is loaded on the left side with 4 balls
(4kg) and on the right side is an equivalent counter balance of 4
balls (4kg) and they are in perfect balance.
Counter balance is in the shape of sliced mushroom (upside-down)
that has the ability to swing independently on a seesaw arm
,simply standing on it.
The counter balance extended leg becomes an arm to overbalance
the whole mushroom body . Inside the leg is a gap (slot) to
accommodate a crank pin that is moving with turning wheel. Note
that the wheel is held by axle on only one side of the wheel, the
opposite side stays clean of any obstacles , allowing the counter
balance arm to swing freely.
Crank pin is adjustably attached to the wheel and
when wheel is turning goes up , down , left and right and at this
same time counter balance swing on seesaw arm.
Drawing perpetual motion part 2-A- on the right arm of the seesaw
nr.4 represents 4 balls in one counter balance body that is
standing on the seesaw arm . When the counter balance swings
" left " its body weight represents 2 kg , opposite
seesaw side goes down . When swing " right " it becomes
6kg and the opposite seesaw arm goes up. In that arrangement the
seesaw is able to go up and down . When it is up it releases top
ball on to the wheel (nest) that must turn in order to be
overbalanced by the ball. The ball is released at the bottom of
the wheel and is collected when seesaw arm goes down .
The balls in the tube at the seesaw left arm are stopped from
falling down by blocking pin .
Beware of slippery surface under the counter balance . The
counter balance must
not change its position .
PROOF TO PERPETUAL MOTION ARRANGEMENT.
1 Square = 1 Distance Unit.
Each ball = Mass of 1 kg.
Radius of the wheel = 5 squares.
Mass of counterbalance = 15 kg.
NOW
1kg x 5
units from axle = 5 kg (acting power).
5 kg of acting power has to move a mass of 15 kg (counterbalance);
therefore 5 kg on the crank pin located 4 squares above the
seesaw axle is equal to a mass of 20 kg and this can move a mass
of 15 kg (counterbalance).
System is in balance = 5 ball on each end
of the seesaw.
To lift up 5 balls located 5 Squares from the centre we have to
use a force >25kg.
When the counterbalance is shifted 2 squares to one site it will
be = to 30 kg of mass which will lift up the balls located on the
one end of the seesaw (total mass of the particular balls is = to
a mass of 25 kg).
On this site the top ball will be released to the wheel and
simultaneously on the other site one ball will be placed to the
empty space on the bottom of the column which was created by
releasing the top ball to the wheel. This is continuous
motion.
