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Here is a little history on swimming.
IV Competitive Swimming
Competitive swimming is one of the most popular participant sports in the world. In the United States alone, more than 250,000 individuals belong to the sport’s governing organization, USA Swimming. Many leagues exist for competitive swimmers, including ones sponsored by summer programs, cities, Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) chapters, Jewish Community Center (JCC) chapters, high schools, colleges, and Masters Swim programs.
B Equipment
In competition, swimmers wear a swimsuit, a swim cap, and goggles. Swimsuits are made of a material such as Lycra or Spandex that clings tightly to the swimmer but also permits a free range of motion. A swim cap worn over the hair and ears also helps to reduce the resistance a swimmer encounters when moving through the water. Swim goggles allow swimmers to see better under water. They also protect swimmers’ eyes from irritation caused by chlorine and other chemicals in the pool water, and from salt or pollution in natural bodies of water.
D Swim Meets
Swim meets are organized competitions that pit individual swimmers or swimming teams against each other. Most meets feature preliminary races, called heats, that occur before the finals. The top eight swimmers from the preliminaries compete in the finals of each event. In the finals, the fastest swimmers are assigned to the middle lanes. These lanes are considered most desirable because the swimmers in them are most aware of the positions of their competitors. Swimmers in the middle lanes also encounter the least wave action from the water as it travels from the swimmers and bounces off the sides of the pool.
During competition, swimmers must obey the starter’s commands. When the starter announces “Take your marks,” all the swimmers must assume the starting position by crouching on the blocks. The starter’s horn (or pistol) then sounds, indicating the start of the race, and the swimmers dive into the water. In most meets, any swimmer who makes a false start by leaving the starting block before the horn sounds is disqualified. In Olympic competition, two false starts are allowed for the competitors as a whole. After these two, any competitor who makes a false start is disqualified.
the latest swimming
SCAQ - Southern California Aquatic Masters is the largest Masters swimming
program in the United States. Established in 1979 by Clay Evans and Bonnie
Adair, SCAQ is a swimming club for every level of adult swimmer, novice to
Olympian.
SCAQ offers 60 weekly workouts -
morning, noon, and night at seven different pools in the West Los Angeles and
Downtown areas. Most SCAQ workouts are one-hour long starting with a warm up,
progressing through different drills and sets, including a main set between
1000-2000 yds/m, and ending with a cool down. SCAQ's experienced coaching staff is trained to effectively
maximize the 60 minutes spent in the water by designing creative workouts that
emphasize speed, strength, pace, and form. Oh, and they're fun as
well!
So even if you don't live in Southern California, or are traveling
in another state, you can enjoy SCAQ workouts by using the search engine below
to find the type of workout you want to do: Sprint, Mid-Distance Freestyle,
Distance Freestyle, Stroke, I.M., Open Water (pool workouts designed to enhance
open water performances).
WHICH IS BETTER,INTENSE QUALITY TRAINING ,OR A LONG SLOW TRAINING?
The traditional method of training for peak swimming performance can't be
disputed as effective. That method, which prescribes progressively increasing
workloads i.e. increased yardage, has resulted in the continuous breaking of
world records. But from a physiological point of view, the effects of such
methods are not well understood. The adaptations that result from "over
distance" training are not at all understood, in terms of why the adaptations
occur. The cause and affect of adaptations such as increased capillarization,
increased mitochondrial content, with the concomitant increased in max VO2 etc.
are not definitively understood. In other words, what in training signals to
the body to enhance those physiological factors that contribute to improved
performance?
With Masters swimmers, the constraint on training time,
which is dramatically decreased from collegiate or high school years, would
suggest that performances might be inhibited. What is seen, however, is some
fairly surprising results. Many Masters athletes have indicated that many of
their performance several years post-college, are equal or approaching
collegiate bests. In fact, Masters swimmers report even better performances.
Some will attribute this to all the years of "base training", i.e. that all
those yards so many years before are responsible for their Masters
performances.
What may actually be responsible for Masters improved
performance may be the reduced volume that Masters are able to train and with
that a general increase in the intensity of training. The logic being . . . "if
I can't train two to three hours per day, I'd better make the 1 to 1 ½ hours
count by training faster."
The logic can be taken further from a
physiological point of reference. When competing in most races (usually 200
yards of less), the contribution of all muscle fibers (fast and slow twitch) is
nearly 100%. If a swimmer is going to train with the ideal to improve
performance, it is clear that what is important is that any appropriate
physiological adaptations must occur in all muscle fibers that might be
recruited for work during a race. During training this can be accomplished in
two ways. Maintaining training intensities at low 'aerobic' levels (aerobic
base training) will require that the swimmer train for long periods in order to
recruit the more fast twitch fibers that will occur when the slower twitch
fibers become fatigued. When the slower twitch becomes fatigued, then the
faster twitch fibers will be recruited to a greater extent. This can take a
great deal of time - but it will work. Increased intensities near to the
maximum possible will preferentially recruit a greater percentage of available
muscle fiber. When recruited to perform work, the muscle fibers recruited will
be subject to the important adaptation that may contribute to enhanced
performance.
Other adaptations, such as buffering capacity can also be
enhanced preferentially by high intensity training to a greater extent then long
slow training. If you want adaptive response, the critical factor is recruiting
muscle fiber to perform work at its maximum capacity. Intense quality training
allows for such adaptation both muscularly and neurally.
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