This has been the most frequently asked question in my email consults
- treatment of arthritis in dogs.
Improvements in the safety of Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory
drugs has been a major factor in the increased used and efficacy of these
compounds. The reasons for the side effects are now known and drugs have
been developed which target the specific enzymes. In 1991, two isoforms
of cyclo oxygenase (COX), a key enzyme of prostanoid synthesis were discovered.
In the Gastric tract, prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin protects from ulcers
while maintaining renal blood flow and filtration. The enzymes are also
involved in the regulation of the tone of the blood vessels in the cardiovascular
system. These enzymes are produced by COX-1 and are necessary. In the presence
of inflammatory conditions COX-2 is formed which results in the formation
of prostanoids which are themselves contributory to the pain and inflammatory
processes. Therefore, if only the COX-2 enzymes can be inhibited then a
marked reduction in the inflammatory processes is achieved with minimal
side effects. NSAID that are specific against COX-2 are Carproven
and Meloxicam. These drugs are marketed as Rimadyl and Metacam.
Acupuncture - some people feel that this can help a lot. Its
worth a try if all else fails or definitely try it in milder cases.
NSAID - Non cortisone based medication such as :
Finadyne (Flunixin Meglumine) - this
is used as per directions for 3 days then resumed after a minimum break
of 7 days. May also be given on a 1 tablet every 2nd or 3rd day basis.
Is generally very effective. Do not use in cats.
Rimadyl or Zenecarp (Carprofen) is
similar but is safe to use in cats. If little improvement is seen
after 5 days try something else.
Cartiflex a
mixtureof glycosaminoglycans, Omega3 fatty acids, sulphur, Vit
E and dl-methionine,is available as a powder and designed
for long term treatment in degenerative tissue and joint conditions, as
well as in restoring cartilage damage.
Aspirin is reasonably effective and should not
be overlooked in the early treatment of arthritis. It is probably the cheapest
drug of all. I would not recommend Aspirin for use in cats as it is quite
toxic in felines.
Cartrophen (Pentosan polysulphate) also claims
to actually repair damaged cartilage within joints and increase synovial
fluid and lubrication. Improvements can be quite spectacular or none what
so ever. Was available in capsule form at one stage but now is only available
as an injectible. Recommended dose is one injection given weekly four times.
Course may be repeated partly or whole depending on overall improvement.
Is suitable for use in cats.
It is important to remember that some cases of limping and stiffness or
hind leg weakness will not respond to any medication especially if extensive
spondylitis is present in the animal. I recommend that animals with hind
leg weakness are x-rayed prior to treatment to enable a better prognosis
to be formulated. As a general rule - The older the animal the slower the
response. Remember, if you don't use, you will lose it. It is important
to keep the animal moving, two small walks daily are often better than
one long walk which may result in stiffness.
Perhaps you may be able to give your old pet a new lease on life.
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