Foundation
RomeThe city of Rome was at the beginning several seperated villages. More villages were built until they joined up into one big town. 753 BC was the date of the foundation of the city. Rome was ruled by kings. Most of them were Etruscans (People who lived in central italy. Little is known about them). But in 509 BC people rebelled and set up a republic.
Society
The Roman society can be devided into two categories, Citizins and slaves. Citizins were given the freedom to do whatever they want. For sure there were rich citizins and poor citizins, but they all had freedom. On the other hand were not given any citizin rights, such as electing senators, or getting paid for the jobs they did etc... People who were captured in battles were sold as slaves. Some of these slaves were gladiatiors. Only one wins his freedom from a group, to do so he should kill all the other gladiators. When he does so the emperor gives him his freedom. In other words they lived a misrable life.
Water and Food
In the cities, fresh water was brought from the hills by aqueducts. Then it flowed along lead pipes to street fountains and houses. There were baths were people could wash and swim (like swimming pools in these days). Wine, oil and food were shipped from the provinces to city docks, or through land trading routes. After that the stoch (wine, oil and food) were stored in the warehouses. Market traders can buy whatever they need from the warehouses.
Country life
Although there were many towns and cities, most people lived in the country. Rich men had large estates, looked after for them by farmers who paid them rents by money, food or animals. On the estates were grand houses, calles villas, were the rich families lived with their servants and slaves. Workers on the estates grew vegetables, wheat, fruit, grapes for making wine, and olives for oil. They kept hens, geese, cows, sheep and goats. Oil and wine were stored in big pottery jars half burried in the courtyard.
Rules
Rules were craved on stone plaques on the walls. MOreover, new rules were often presented as pictures on the money coins. As a result the Romans had many different coins.
The end of the Republic
In Rome many potted to take contorl and there were civil wars. JUlius Caesar, a great general, marched his army to Rome in 49 BC. Caesar soon gained power and broughtpeace. But one group, fearing he planned to make himself king, stabbed him to death on the Ides of March 44 BC. There were more civil wars until Octavian, Caesar's heir, defeated his rival, Mark Antony. Antony and Cleopetra, Queen of Eygpt, killed themselves. Octavian was the title Augustus and later and later became the first emperor of Rome. He restored order in army and revived old roman customs.
Pompeii
A volcano, called Mount Vesuvius, towers over the Bay of Naples in Italy. In AD 79, it errupted, sending shoking fumes and ashes down on the towns at its base. The city of Pompeii was burried by rivers of scorching lava. Archaeologists have now dug through the lava and found the city. It a record of Roman life preserved in freat detail. The shape of a round loaf of bread still on a plate was preserved by the lava. Some people and animals were shoked to death in the fumes. Many houses, with colored paintings on their walls, have been found under the lava. some paintings were portraits of people who lived there.
Roman religion
Time LineUntil 312 AD Romans worshiped many gods. In this date Constantine had dreamed that he would win Diocletian's successors at the Milvian bridge if he carried the christian symbol. After winning the battle Constantine and Byzantium empire became christians.
Jupiter= King of the gods
Juno= Queen of the gods
Neptune= god of the sea
Pluto= god of the dead
Apollo= god of the sun
Diana= goddess of the moon
Mars= god of war
Venus= goddess of love
Cupid= god of love
Mercury= Messenger of the gods
Minerva= goddess of wisdom
Ceres= the eath goddess
Proserpine= goddess of the underworld
Vulcan= the smith god
Bacchus= god of wine
Saturn= god of time
Vesta= goddess of the home
Janus= god of doors
Uranus= god of the sky
Maia= goddess of the growth
Flore= goddess of flowers
Plutus= god of wealth
I dont beleive in any of these gods, there is only one god which is Allah. and these are only for historical information.
753BC Traditional date of founding of Rome.
575BC Rome ruled by Etruscan kings.
509BC Romans set up republic.
264/241BC First war with carthage (First Punic war).
218BC Second war with carthage. Hannibal crossed the Pyrenees (Secon Punic war).
200BC Rome bagan conquest of eastern Mediterranean.
146BC Romans destroyed carthage and cornith (the end of the Third Punic war, and the end of the Carthaginian empire).
73/71BC Spartacus led slave revolt.
58-51BC Juluis Caesar conqured clets in Gual.
44BC Juluis Caesar murdered in Rome.
30BC Mark Antony and Cleopetra comitted suicide.
27Bc Octavian called Agustus beginning of the Roman empire.
AD14 Death of Agustus.
AD70 Temple of JUrsalem destroyed.
AD79 Eruption of Vesuvius; Pompeii destroyed.
AD117/38 Hardian was emperor built wall across north of England.
AD161/181 Marcus Areluis was emperor.
AD235 Barbarian invasions and civil war begins.
AD239/250 First persecution of christians under emperor Decius.
AD270/275 Arulian was emperor, built wall round ciry of Rome.
AD285/305 Ciocletian was emperor.
AD312 Constantine won battle of Milvian bridge.
