The aqueduct was built in 1834 by Irish immigrant labor, who died by the hundreds during a cholera epidemic. It is one of eleven aqueducts constructed to carry the C&O Canal across intersecting tributaries. As its name implies, this one carries the canal over the mouth of the Antietam. Troops in Gordon's division damaged the aqueduct, along with nearby canal boats and locks, on July 6, 1864.
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