ÿWPC£ î9¤È´LKˆ;o ;:úI¨C¥oâÞ|Þ¹ ¦óÓÐñÏfÓ™lË®…]™Æª›ØïrkàS…R÷°À€Ï“éóÛ÷ØlàÜ£/Ó:aA6k†° £ƒ¡Hcg¾é´ '9@p®N¡ŠG±ÿù¤èó@[:Î:>’o,衤³¶•³LÁëu º]zpy*³Ñe~µ©ŒX6œK"ö<§V ýúÞ,o–[š×¡uÍ­Tõ¢ y[ƒñXyåó®ÛòÀ®&—‡ØÚ+.¸ÃAU)kø¼ø÷k=K^öùn°¾Ðì®Ñ'<ÎG“-4Zþ<‹$Úš_įÝ’ª`ý¦KFAÕýsó›YFAŒ…êÌ3(Ó‡’½¼Ÿq¶?1aî3ŒíÑ_’x‡÷òÛ72EM÷¶–@3‰bÌvº1ó mûœ¯Ž^'ܾÌÂNÌ$‡L³#ŠV©:¹y‘ñ[ײݴìëÍ£êÂŽÕœ…FÐx  =vpò%!7f¦ÄRÂÝR2¶HHÄÜ»Ad-$Î$²çÒºyàû¬/§‹_„%¨†³ýðX|øRá»i/(³9i=•/·ÓÄ3NKy˜ÞþÀ÷þÒvÈÝj Êj|#!üUN %k 0±qUL"UFn^ ´w@À4# m% n<ˆª D+2U<>]›˜Lexmark 5700 Series ColorFinePX,,,,PX0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(‰qW$¡¡ÓK€(€X°KÓÔ€X7OXXXÔÔ€X7OXXX7OÔ(Ö 9 Z‹4Times New Roman Italic&€ iZ ‹.Kaufmann Bd BT BoldÍ-‰ ¾ ¾!À"À#À$À%À&À'(縥&…+00Ô@…3|x(ÿU‹ÿ°ÿÿ˜c:\PROGRA~1\COREL8\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\WEB\WP8WEB.WPTc:\program files\corel8\Template\Custom WP Templates\Web\wp8web.wpt'ÈÈÈÈdxd(ÖÃ9 Z‹&Times New Roman Ý ƒqW!ÝÓK€(€XKÓÔ€XDeXXXÔÔ€XDeXXXDeÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡xQ°XXDeÔÓ  Óñ'ñSeptember€1ñ'ññ(ñAugust€Ô_Ô30ñ(ñ,Ô_Ô€2002€A.D.Ð ÜÜ ÐÔ#†XDeX°°Q´#ÔÓÓÓÓ  ÓÔ‡„+ׄXXDeÔ[ÔÿÿÔ215€YEARS€AGO„„IN€THE€TRADITION€OF€THE€FOUNDING€FATHERSÔÿÿ¦Ô]Ô#†XDeX„„+׆#ÔÔ‡¼_ »XXDeÔÐ ŠŠ ÐÔ#†XDeX»¼_ %#ÔÔ‡„+ׄXXDeÔMay€14,€1787€A.D.,€Constitutional€Convention,€Philadelphia,€PA:Ô#†XDeX„„+×|#ÔÔ‡¼_ »XXDeÔÐ ÆÆ ÐÔ#†XDeX»¼_ ý#ÔÔ‡¼_ »XXDeÔThe€convention€was€schedule€to€begin,€but€a€quorum€was€not€presentÔ#†XDeX»¼_ T#Ô.Ð  ÐÔ‡„+ׄXXDeÔMay€25,€1787€A.D.,€Constitutional€Convention,€Philadelphia,€PA:Ô#†XDeX„„+×î#ÔÔ‡¼_ »XXDeÔÐ ð ð  ÐÔ#†XDeX»¼_ o#ÔÔ‡¼_ »XXDeÔNow,€with€a€quorum€present,€the€Convention€began.Ô#†XDeX»¼_ Æ#ÔÐ , ,  ÐÔ‡„+ׄXXDeÔMay€29,€1787€A.D.,€Constitutional€Convention,€Philadelphia,€PA:Ô#†XDeX„„+×N#ÔÐ  ÐÓzÓÓ  ÓÔ‡¼_ »XXDeÔEdmund€Randolph,€governor€of€Virginia,€ð ðthen€opened€the€main€business.ððÔ#†XDeX»¼_ #ÔÔ‡ôɬõXXDeÔ€€€Ð VV ÐÓôÓÔ#†XDeXõôɬ#ÔÔ‡¼_ »XXDeÔ€€€€€ð ð2.€In€Speaking€of€the€defects€of€the€confederation€he€professed€a€high€respect€for€its€authors,€and€considered€them,€as€having€doneÐ DD Ðall€that€patriots€could€do,€in€the€then€infancy€of€the€science,€of€constitutions,€&€of€confederacies,€ð!ðwhen€the€inefficiency€of€requisitionsÏwas€unknownð"ðno€commercial€discord€had€risen€among€any€statesð"ðno€rebellion€had€appeared€as€in€Mass.ð"ðforeign€debts€had€notÏbecome€urgentð"ðthe€ññÔÿ€Ôññhavoc€of€paper€moneyññÔÿ€åÔññ€had€not€been€foreseenð"ðtreaties€had€not€been€violatedð"ðand€perhaps€nothing€better€could€beÏobtained€from€the€jealousy€of€the€states€with€regard€to€their€sovereignty.ððÌÔ#†XDeX»¼_ ù#ÔÓ  ÓÔ‡„+ׄXXDeÔAugust€15,€1787€A.D.,€Constitutional€Convention,€Philadelphia,€PA:Ô#†XDeX„„+× #ÔÔ‡¼_ »XXDeÔÐ zz  ÐÔ#†XDeX»¼_ Ž #ÔÓ  ÓÔ‡¼_ »XXDeÔ€€€ð ðMr.€Govr.€Morris€regretted€that€something€like€the€proposed€check€could€not€be€agreed€to.€€He€dwelt€on€the€importance€of€publicÐ ¶¶ Ðcredit,€and€the€difficulty€of€supporting€it€without€some€strong€barrier€against€the€instability€of€legislative€Assemblies.€€He€suggested€theÏidea€of€requiring€three€fourths€of€each€house€to€repeal€laws€where€the€President€should€not€concur.€€He€had€no€great€reliance€on€theÏÔ_ÔrevisionaryÔ_Ô€power€as€the€Executive€was€now€to€be€constituted€[elected€by€Congress].€€The€legislature€will€contrive€to€soften€theÏPresident.€€ñ ñÔÿ€Ôñ ñHe€recited€the€history€of€paper€emissions,€and€the€perseverance€of€the€legislative€assemblies€in€repeating€them,€with€all€of€theÏdistressing€effects€before€their€eyes.€€Were€the€National€legislature€formed,€and€a€war€was€now€to€break€out,€this€ruinous€expedientÏwould€be€again€resorted€to,€if€not€guarded€against.ñ ñÔÿ€o Ôñ ñ€€The€requiring€3/4€to€repeal€would,€though€not€a€Ô_ÔcompleatÔ_Ô€remedy,€prevent€the€hastyÏpassage€of€€laws,€and€the€frequency€of€those€repeals€which€destroy€faith€in€the€public,€and€which€are€among€our€greatest€calamities.ððð!ð€ÌÔ#†XDeX»¼_ ñ #Ôñ!ñÔ‡¼ »XXDAÔñ!ñÓ  Óñ"ññ!ñÔ‡¼ »XXDAÔñ!ññ"ññ"ñÔ‡„+ׄXXDeÔñ"ñAugust€€16,€1787€A.D.,€Constitutional€Convention,€Philadelphia,€PA:ñ"ñÔ#†XDeX„„+×n#Ôñ"ññ!ñÔ‡¼_ »XXDeÔñ!ñÐ "$"$ ÐÓ*Óñ#ñÔ#†XDeX»¼_ #ÔÔ‡¼_ »XXDeÔñ#ñà @ àñ#ñÔ#†XDAX»¼ Ê#ÔÔ‡ôÛ¦õXXDAÔñ#ñ"Mr.€Govr.€Morris€moved€to€strike€out€'and€emit€bills€on€the€credit€of€the€United€States'„„If€the€United€States€had€credit€such€bills€wouldÐ ^&^& Ðbe€unnecessary:€if€they€had€not,€unjust€&€useless."Ìà @ à"Mr.€Butler,€2ds.€the€motion."€Ìà @ à"Mr.€Madison,€will€it€not€be€sufficient€to€prohibit€the€making€them€a€òòtender?€óó€This€will€remove€the€temptation€to€emit€them€with€unjustÐ L+L+ Ðviews.€€And€promissory€notes€in€that€shape€may€in€some€emergencies€be€best."€Ìà @ à"Mr.€Govr.€Morris.€striking€out€the€words€will€leave€room€for€notes€of€a€òòresponsibleóó€minister€which€will€do€all€the€good€without€theÐ L.L. Ðmischief.€€The€monied€interest€will€oppose€the€plan€of€Government,€if€paper€emissions€be€not€prohibited."Ìâ âà @ à"Mr.€Ghorum€was€for€striking€out,€without€inserting€any€prohibition.€€if€the€words€stand€they€may€suggest€and€lead€to€the€measure."Ð L1L1 Ðà @ à"Col.€Mason€had€doubts€on€the€subject.€Ô_ÔCongsÔ_Ô.€he€thought€would€not€have€the€power€unless€it€were€expressed.€Though€he€had€a€mortalÏâ âhatred€to€paper€money,€yet€as€he€could€not€foresee€all€emergencies,€he€was€unwilling€to€tie€the€hands€of€the€Legislature.€€He€observedÏthat€the€late€war€could€not€have€been€carried€on,€had€such€a€prohibition€existed."Ìà @ à"Mr.€Ghorum.€€The€power€as€far€as€it€will€be€necessary€or€safe,€is€involved€in€that€of€borrowing."Ìà @ à"Mr.€Mercer€was€a€friend€to€paper€money,€though€in€the€present€state€&€temper€of€America,€he€should€neither€propose€nor€approve€ofÏsuch€a€measure.€€He€was€consequently€opposed€to€a€prohibition€of€it€altogether.€€It€will€stamp€suspicion€on€the€Government€to€deny€it€aÏdiscretion€on€this€point.€€It€was€impolitic€also€to€excite€the€opposition€of€all€those€who€were€friends€to€paper€money.€€The€people€ofÏproperty€would€be€sure€to€be€on€the€side€of€the€plan,€and€it€was€impolitic€to€purchase€their€further€attachment€with€the€loss€of€theÏopposite€class€of€Citizens"Ìà @ à"Mr.€Ellsworth€thought€this€a€favorable€moment€to€shut€and€bar€the€door€against€paper€money.€€The€mischiefs€of€the€variousÏexperiments€which€had€been€made,€were€now€fresh€in€the€public€mind€and€had€excited€the€disgust€of€all€the€respectable€part€of€America.€ÏBy€Ô_ÔwitholdingÔ_Ô€the€power€from€the€new€Ô_ÔGoverntÔ_Ô.€more€friends€of€influence€would€be€gained€to€it€than€by€almost€any€thing€else.€€PaperÏmoney€can€in€no€case€be€necessary.€€Give€the€Government€credit,€and€other€resources€will€offer.€€The€power€may€do€harm,€never€good."Ìà @ à"Mr.€Randolph,€notwithstanding€his€antipathy€to€paper€money,€could€not€agree€to€strike€out€the€words,€as€he€could€not€foresee€all€theÏoccasions€which€might€arise."Ìà @ à"Mr.€Wilson.€€It€will€have€a€most€salutary€influence€on€the€credit€of€the€United€States€to€remove€the€possibility€of€paper€money.€€ThisÏexpedient€can€never€succeed€whilst€its€mischiefs€are€remembered,€and€as€long€as€it€can€be€resorted€to,€it€will€be€a€bar€to€otherÏresources."Ìà @ à"Mr.€Butler.€€remarked€that€paper€money€was€a€legal€tender€in€no€Country€in€Europe.€€He€was€urgent€for€disarming€the€Government€ofÏsuch€power."Ìà @ à"Mr.€Mason€was€still€adverse€to€tying€the€hands€of€the€Legislature€òòaltogether.óó€€If€there€was€no€example€in€Europe€as€just€remarked,€itÐ HH Ðmight€be€observed€on€the€other€side,€that€there€was€none€in€which€the€Government€was€restrained€on€this€head."Ìà @ à"Mr.€Read,€thought€the€words,€if€not€struck€out,€would€be€as€alarming€as€the€mark€of€the€Beast€in€Revelations"Ìà @ à"Mr.€Langdon€had€rather€reject€the€whole€plan€than€retain€the€three€words€'(and€emit€bills)'"Ìà @ à"On€the€motion€for€striking€outÌñ#ñÔ#†XDeX»¼_ ¿#ÔÔ‡ôɬõXXDeÔñ#ñà @ àN.€H.€ay.€€Mas.€ay.€€Ct.€ay.€€N.€J.€no.€€Pa.€ay.€€Del.€ay.€€Md.€no.€€Va.€ay.*€€N.€C.€ay.€€S.€C.€ay.€€Geo.€ay."€€€€€€€Ð %% Ðà @ à"The€clause€for€borrowing€money,€agreed€to€nem.€con."Ì_______________________Ì"*This€vote€in€the€affirmative€by€Ô_ÔVirgaÔ_Ô.€was€occasioned€by€the€acquiescence€of€Mr.€Madison€who€became€satisfied€that€striking€out€the€words€would€not€disable€the€Govt.€from€the€use€ofÏpublic€notes€as€far€as€they€could€be€safe€&€proper;€&€would€only€cut€off€the€pretext€for€a€òòpaper€currencyóó,€and€particularly€for€making€the€bills€òòa€tenderóó€either€for€public€or€private€debts."€Ð ¾*¾* ÐÔ#†XDeXõôɬU!#Ôñ$ñÔ‡¼ »XXDAÔñ$ñÓ  Óñ$ñÔ‡„+ׄXXDeÔñ$ñAugust€28,€1787€A.D.,€Constitutional€Convention,€Philadelphia,€PA:ñ$ñÔ#†XDeX„„+×~$#Ôñ$ñÔ‡ôɬõXXDeÔÐ `,`, ÐÓ  Óñ%ñÔ#†XDeXõôɬ%#ÔÔ‡¼_ »XXDeÔñ%ñ€€€€ð ðArt:€XII.€being€taken€up.€€Mr.€Wilson€&€Mr.€Sherman€moved€to€insert€after€the€words€ððcoin€moneyðð€the€words€ððnor€emit€bills€ofÐ œ.œ. Ðcredit,€nor€make€any€thing€but€gold€and€silver€coin€a€tender€in€payments€of€debtsðð€making€these€prohibitions€absolute,€instead€ofÏâ âallowable€(as€in€the€XIII€Art:)€Ô‡¼´Ï»»¼_ Ôwith€the€consent€of€the€Legislature€of€the€U.S.ððÔ#†¼_ »»¼´Ïï&#ÔÐ À0À0! Ѐ€€€€ð ðMr.€GORHAM€thought€the€purpose€would€be€as€well€secured€by€the€provision€of€art€XIII€which€makes€the€consent€of€the€Gen.Ïâ âLegislature€necessary,€and€that€in€that€mode,€no€opposition€would€be€excited;€whereas€an€absolute€prohibition€of€paper€money€wouldÏrouse€the€most€desperate€opposition€from€its€partizans.Ì€€€€€ð ðMr.€SHERMAN€thought€this€a€favorable€crisis€for€crushing€paper€money.€€If€the€consent€of€the€Legislature€could€authorizeÏemissions€of€it,€the€friends€of€paper€money,€would€make€every€exertion€to€get€into€the€Legislature€in€order€to€license€it.Ì€€€€€ð ðThe€question€being€divided;€on€the€1òòstóó€partð"ð€ððnor€emit€bills€of€creditððÐ îî Ðñ&ñÔ#†XDeX»¼_ y%#ÔÔ‡ôɬõXXDeÔñ&ñ€€€€€N.€H.€ay.€€Mas.€ay.€€Ct.€ay.€€Pa.€ay.€€Del.€ay.€€Md.€Ô_ÔdivdÔ_Ô.€Va.€no.€€€N.€C.€ay.€€S.€C.€ay.€€Geo.€ay.Ð Ü Ü  Ѐ€€€€ð ðThe€remaining€part€of€Mr.€Wilsonððs€&€Shermanððs€motion€was€agreed€to€nem:€con:ððñ&ñÔ#†XDeXõôɬY*#Ôñ&ññ%ñÔ‡ôɬõXXDeÔñ%ñÐ ~ ~  ÐÔ#†XDeXõôɬ¬+#ÔÔ‡¼_ »XXDeÔà @ àSeptember€17,€1787€A.D.,€the€Constitutional€Convention€closed€with€the€signing€of€The€Constitution€for€the€United€States€of€America,Ð   Ðunanimously€approved€by€the€delegations€from€the€states€present,€and€sent€to€Congress€to€be€sent€to€the€states€for€ratification.€€UponÏratification€by€nine€states€it€became€the€Supreme€Law€of€the€Land€for€those€states,€and€was€later€ratified€by€the€other€four€of€the€thirteenÏstates.€€Ìà @ àIt€is€certain€from€the€foregoing€recitation,€debates€and€votes,€that€the€clear€intent€of€those€who€brought€about€The€Constitution€of€theÏUnited€States€of€America€was€to€preclude€the€possibility€of€paper€money,€though€paper€money€had€its€advocates€in€the€convention.€ÏFriends€of€paper€money€were€soundly€defeated€in€the€votes€that€came€after€the€debates.€€By€these€votes€the€door€to€paper€money€wasÏð ðshut€and€barredðð€for€the€federal€government,€and€paper€money€was€ð ðcrushedðð€when€the€states€were€prohibited€from€issuing€bills€ofÏcredit.€€If€America€wants€to€be€free,€it€will€return€to€the€sound€gold€and€silver€Coin€of€the€Constitution.€Ô#†XDeX»¼_ ,#ÔÔ‡î_ »XXDeԀРŒŒ Ðà @ àSeptember€1,€2002€A.€D.€€Ô‡¼=Ÿ»»¼_ ÔÔÿÔÔ#†XÎ X»¼=Ÿ¡0#ÔÔ‡ / „ XXÎÔLawrence€Rey€Topham,Ô#†XÎ X „„/M1#ÔÔ‡¼=Ÿ» XXÎÔ€Ô#†¼_ »»¼=Ÿû0#ÔChief€Judge,€Ô_ÔCMCÔ_Ô.€Ô#†XDeX»¼_ £1#ÔÔÿ1ÔÐ zz Ðñ#ñÔÿÔÔÿ/1Ôñ#ñ
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