Rene Descartes proposed the idea of one all-pervasive ether.
1667
Robert Hooke writes that color may be explained as differences in the rate of vibration of light in the ether.
1675
Observations of the eclipses of Jupiter's moons show that light transmission is not instantaneous.
1700s
Newton's particle interpretation of light is disproven. The theory that light is a wave moving through the ether gains ground.
1856
James Maxwell demonstrates that all electromagnetic and optical phenomenon were explainable in terms of stresses in the one ether.
1860
Etienne Moreau theorized on the properties and distribution of ether. Edison begins research on a prototype Ether Propeller.
1868
First working ether flyer mechanism demonstrated by Thomas A. Edison.
1870
Edison's Martian Expedition pilots primitive Ether Flyer to Mars, and returns.
Earth discovers that Mars is inhabited.
Discovery of liftwood on Mars revolutionizes flight.
Franco-Prussian War between France and Germany begins.
Education Act of 1870 passed in England.
1871
Franco-Prussian war ends in German victory.
Wilhelm I crowned Emperor of Germany at the Hall of Mirrors in Versailles.
1872
First British foothold on Mars with the establishment of the Permanent British Quarter in Parhoon.
France passes law of Universal Service. (Draft)
1873
Edison loses patent suit against Armstrong Ether Flyer Company. Both firms compete vigorously in design and construction of spacecraft.
1874
Armstrong expedition to Venus fails to return.
Belgians and French establish enclaves on Mars.
1875
Collingswood Expedition to Venus fails to return.
France establishes the "Ecole Superieure de Guerre", The War College.
1876
Victoria proclaimed Emperess of India.
1877
London Times Venus rescue expedition fails to return.
1878
German Ether Dirigible lands on Venus and discovers fate of the first three expeditions.
1879
British Fight Zulu War in South Africa; occupy Khyber Pass.
British defeat Zulus at Ulundi.
British legation in Kabul massacred.
Germany declares Alsace-Lorraine to be an integral part of the German Empire.
Dual Alliance is struck between Germany and Austria-Hungary.
Alexander of Battenburg elected Prince Alexander I of Bulgaria.
Radical Egyptian elements depose Ismail, the Khedive of Egypt. He is succeeded by Tewfik.
The French Panama Canal Company is organized and headed by Ferdinand de Lesseps.
Ute Indian Uprising in the United States.
1880
Germany establishes first colony on Venus.
Disraeli steps down as British Prime minister, succeeded by Gladstone.
Second War of the Parhoon Succession results in establishment of a British crown colony on Mars.
Princess Christina Station established on Mercury
France annexes Tahiti
Pacific War breaks out: Chile vs. Peru and Bolivia. Drags on into 1884
Boers of Transvaal declare their independence from Britain. A republic is established with Krueger as president.
Garfield elected President of the United States.
Carnegie develops the first large steel furnance.
Electricity replaces gaslights on New York streets.
Heidelberg expedition returns from Venus.
First Russian expedition lands on Venus.
First Italian expedition lands on Venus.
Canned fruits and meats widely available for the first time in stores.
1881
The Boers of the Transvaal repulse the British at Laing's Nek and inflict a stunning defeat on them at Majuba Hill. In the Treaty of Pretoria, Britain recognizes the independent Transvaal Republic.
HMS Aphid launched at Syrtis Major.
Flogging abolished in the British Army and Navy.
Garfield Assassinated. Chester Arthur succeeds him.
The Bey of Tunis accepts status as a French protectorate.
The first political parties are formed in Japan.
Serbia forms an alliance with Austria to strengthen the government's hand against internal unrest.
The Three Emperor's League is formed.
1882
Prince Milan Obrenovich of Serbia proclaims himself king.
Triple Alliance formed between Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary.
First German colonial governor takes residence at Venusstadt.
British troops occupy Cairo, Egypt.
Meepsoor and Moeris Lacus accept status as British protectorates.
Belgian legion involved in frequent fighting in the Coprates Valley on Mars.
Bank of Japan founded.
The Russian Reinsurance Treaty is signed.
1883
Paul Krueger elected president of the South African Republic.
French troops control Tunis.
Russian intervention in Hecates Lacus civil war leads to Treaty of Cebrenia recognizing Russia's "special interests" in the region.
British fight aerial campaign against pirates in the Aerian Hills.
Rebellion in the Sudan grows.
The "Orient Express" (Paris to Istanbul railroad) makes its first run.
1884
General Gordon reaches Khartoum as governor of the Sudan. The Mahdi refuses to negotiate and brings Khartoum under seige.
Gold is discovered in the Transvaal.
Liam O'Connor in the Fenian Ram makes first attack on British shipping on Mars.
British aerial squadron bombards Shastapash
The first "deep tube" opens in London (subway).
Germany occupies Southwest Africa.
Grover Cleveland is elected President of the United States.
The Berlin conference of 14 colonial powers partitions Africa
Japanese make their first landing on Mars.
1885
The Dervish Army captures Khartoum and massacres the garrison. Two days later it destroys the desert column. British evacuate the Sudan. Later in the year the Mahdi dies.
The Congo and the Upper Coprates become the personal possesions of King Leopold II of Belgium.
Germany annexes Tanganyika and Zanzibar, renaming them East Africa.
Great Britain establishes a protectorate over Northern Bechuanaland, the Niger River Region ("Nigeria"), and southern New Guinea.
British troops occupy Port Hamilton, Korea.
King Alfonso XII of Spain dies. Queen Maria Christina becomes regent for her unborn child.
Japan establishes Unebi Station near Euxinus Lacus.
Bulgaria seizes Eastern Rumelia.
Serbia and Trans-Balkania declare war on Bulgaria and Ruritania, but are quickly beaten and withdrawn to prewar boundaries.
Posthumous publication of Karl Marx's Das Kaptial.
Russian-Afghan border incident damages Russian Empires image with the Crown.
1886
Queen Maria Christina gives birth to the future Alfonso XIII
Geronimo surrenders.
General George Boulanger becomes French war minister.
British Prime Minister Gladstone introduces bill for home rule in Ireland. The bill fails, and Salisbury becomes prime minister. Chamberlain becomes colonial secretary.
HMS Locust, first armored aerial gunboat built on Earth, launched at Portsmouth.
"Mylarkt Incident" (exchange of gunfire between German and British aerial vessels on Mars) begins steady deterioration in Anglo-German relations.
Alexander of Bulgaria abdicates after coup. Stephan Stambulov becomes regent.
First meeting of the Indian National Congress.
1887
Queen Victoria celebrates her Golden Jubilee.
British besiege and capture the city of Shastapsh.
"Avenel Incident" brings Britain and Oenotria to the brink of war.
Fenian Ram destroyed by British aerial gunboats in the Meroe Highlands, but O'Connor survives and escapes.
Successful aerial campaign waged against High Martian pirates of the Astusapes Highlands, culminating in near-total destruction of Barro-vaangian fleet.
Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg elected king of Bulgaria, with Stambulov as prime minister.
General Boulanger attempts coup in Paris, but fails.
France organizes the Union Indo-Chinoise.
Leopold II declares the Lower Coprates a Belgian protectorate.
Construction begins on Tehuantepec Ship Railroad.
L.L. Zameenhoff devises the language "Esperanto."
1888
Royal Geographic Society awards this year's gold medals to Clements Robert Markham for his polar work
and Leutnant von Wissmann for his exploration in Central Africa.
"Ripper" murders take place in Whitechapel district of London.
The Financial Times first published in London.
King Lobenfula of the Matabele accepts British protectorate status and grants Cecil Rhodes mining rights.
Kaiser (emperor) Wilhelm I of Germany dies in March and is succeeded by his son Fredrick III, who dies in June and is succeeded by his son Wilhelm II.
Sarawak accepts status of British protectorate.
General Boulanger is retired from the French Army and elected to the Chamber of Deputies.
Anarchist Ravachol escapes from Prison.
Benjamin Harrison elected president of the United States.
Johnstown flood takes place.
Sidney Boynton, United States Ambassador to the Oenotrian Court, is kidnapped by Barrovaangian King Hattabranx, but he is later rescued by British gunboats. First recorded successful assault on a large kraag.
Pedro II, emperor of Brazil, abolishes slavery.
1889
Butch Cassidy robs a bank in Telluride Colorado and escapes into Utah.
Japan adopts modern constitution.
Tehuantepec Ship Railroad begins operation.
French Panama Canal Company declares bankruptcy.
Pedro II, emperor of Brazil, overthrown by military coup backed by planters. Brazilian expansionist move north checked by the United States Navy in the Battle of Mona Passage.
First confirmation of existence of Selenite civilization beneath the surface of Luna.
General Boulanger flees from France.
Milan Obrenovich abdicates from Serbian throne in favor of his son, Alexander. Bulgaria and Ruritania mobilize.
John IV, emperor of Abyssinia, dies and is succeeded by Menelik II.
Italian troops mass on the Abyssinian borders in Eritrea and Somaliland.
Belgians complete conquest of the Coprates. Columns begin raiding outside the Coprates in pursuit of rebels. Anti-human riots break out in many cities on Mars.
Oenotrian Empire declares war on Britain.
Emperor Franz Josef's son Rudolph commits suicide after killing his 16 year old mistress.
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