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Architecture

Architecture: the Internet telephony systems are composed of these elements:

http://www.vozip.net

The components may be implemented as hardware or software and may be integrated into single units optionally.

They communicate with each other over signaling and voice-transporting protocols. To ensure interoperability between products of different vendors, standardization bodies have elaborated  standards for both classes of protocols. See the section "Players and ..." for more details.

Future

Making predictions is difficult and it belongs to the competence area of oracles, magicians and marketing managers. But let us at least summarize some important factors.

The law of supply and demand works also in the Internet telephony. An article has been published by Communications Industry Researchers, which claimed the prices of the traditional and the Internet telephony will equalize as soon as the quality of the both standards will do so. We believe, that the most significant obstacles in reaching the equilibrium are the still unsatisfactory voice quality  and the lack of means of commercial deployments. Both of them are under investigation. The voice quality will increase with special QoS means and generic increasing bandwidth. The means of commercial deployments are being designed by both, commercial and academic world. For example, the gateway discovery architecture which enables open market of gateway operators is being proposed by IETF.

IPT may also become a subject to government regulations. Such efforts are very welcome to traditional telcos - a good example is the action brought by Czech Telecom against Paegas' "Internet call" service.  According to Bruce Jacobs,  some governments intend to regulate even the PC-based telephony (India, Pakistan), other have indicated they will treat IPT as simple resale (Canada) and others have recognized that action is premature (see the decision by EU and FCC). Look at the VON Coalition's pages for additional information on the regulations.

Another legal issue is wiretapping. A pretty contraversial discussion about the justification and standardization of wiretapping took place on the Raven mailing list of IETF. Eventually, IAB and IESG issued a RFC 2804 which justifies why IETF does not include such a functionality in its standards-track.

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