Leonard Nimoy:
Live Long and Prosper
by
Helen
J. Lake
(last updated November 2001)
Leonard Nimoy was the second born to
a Jewish family in
Nimoy
had several experiences with acting before landing a lead in a major network’s
T.V. series. When he was a child, eight years old, the Bowdin Theater in the West
End of Boston was a favorite place to go on Saturday afternoons. It was on one
of these excursions that Nimoy realized the impact an actor can have on the
audience. He was watching “The Hunchback of Notre Dame” featuring Maureen O’Hara
as Esmeralda and Charles Laughton as Quasimodo. The pain and suffering of the
outcast hunchback made him weep. Within this same year, Nimoy was standing
outside a theater, singing to himself, when a man came out and asked if he knew
this particular song. He told him yes, he did, and before he knew it, he was
cast as the male lead in “Hansel and Gretal”.
When
Nimoy was seventeen, he played the character of Ralphie in “Awake and Sing”.
This was the turning point in Nimoy’s life; he decided to become an actor. He
never had really wanted to make acting a career before Ralphie. He told his
parents, who were grief-stricken. There was a lot of tears and yelling, until
finally they delivered their ultimatum: “‘You’ll have to do it without any help
from us’” (qtd. in Nimoy I am Spock 21). Finally, when Nimoy was old
enough, he bought a train ticket and headed out west to
For
many years, Nimoy worked odd jobs, walked up and knocked on any doors that said
agency; he had to walk, he couldn’t afford a car. During this time, he lived in
a rooming house. He worked in an ice cream parlor, jerked sodas, delivered
newspapers, sold vacuum cleaners, serviced vending machines, worked in a pet
shop, ushered in a movie theater, and drove a cab. While working for one of
those jobs, Nimoy got his first big break. The “big shirts” of a movie network
saw him act in a small part in “Queen for a Day” in 1951. They saw something in
his abilities that was perfect for another movie. This movie was Kid Monk
Baroni about a deformed boxer. It was released in 1952. (Online “Leonard
Nimoy” 1).
Shortly
after his “big break” into acting, Nimoy was drafted by the Army. He served two
years, leading the Army’s acting unit. Throughout the years of the late 1950’s
and the early 1960’s, Nimoy went back to work in acting. (Online “Leonard
Nimoy” 1). He appeared in many T.V.
shows of the period including “Wagon Train”, “Man from U.N.C.L.E.”, Rawhide”,
“Perry Mason”, and “Combat”. While
acting for “U.N.C.L.E.”, he had one
scene with William Shatner.
In
1964, he guest-starred on “The Lieutenant” as a “flamboyant actor who wanted to
make a movie on the Marine Corps. Base” (Nimoy I am Spock 22). The show’s
producer wanted Nimoy to be on a new science fiction show as a regular
job. This producer was none other than
Gene Roddenberry. Roddenberry gave Nimoy a tour of Desilu studios, trying to
sell the show to him. He talked of the character he had in mind for him, Spock,
an alien of a new sci-fi series called Star
Trek. He described it as a “Wagon Train to the stars” (Nimoy I am Spock 22).
Nimoy played it cool and calmly accepted. Other actors who come up later and
were on “The Lieutenant” are Gary Lockwood and Majel Barrett.
Leonard
Nimoy’s portrayal of the Vulcan, Mr. Spock, is one of the most recognizable and
loved characterizations in modern pop-culture. Before the actual filming of Star Trek could begin, Spock’s alien
appearance had to be perfected. Roddenberry had decided that the character of
Spock had to be obviously alien, distinguishable by a different skin color,
hairstyle, and pointed ears. Originally, Roddenberry had thought of making
Spock’s skin red and having a plate on his stomach through which he would
absorb food through to eat. Instead, thinking that would appear too Satanic, he
changed it to green. He wanted eyebrows that slanted upwards. Nimoy suggested
that he give Spock pointed sideburns as a Vulcan trait. Instead, it became a
Starfleet trend. They began the taping of the pilot entitled “The Cage” and had
to get some pointed ears for Nimoy. This would have begun a long and
frustrating process of 1)- making a plaster cast made from Nimoy’s own ears;
2)- making a “positive” cast from them, then building putty onto them to form a
point; 3)- baking them. In the end these should fit seamlessly. However, they
were on a strict deadline and had to do a “quickie” job, using paper Mache and
liquid latex.
The
first time he wore these poor substitutes was humiliating. The camera crew
called him “overgrown jackrabbit” or “an elf with a hyperactive thyroid”.
(Nimoy I am Spock 27). The ears appalled Nimoy; he wanted Roddenberry to
get rid of them. The network agreed, fearing that Spock’s alien looks might
scare off potential sponsors. However, Roddenberry stuck to it and assured
Nimoy that if the ears weren’t a hit within 13 weeks, “I’ll arrange for you to
have an ear job” (“T.V. Guide Classic Cover Gallery” Eventually, the proper
ears were made and the show went on as planned.
The first pilot had Jeff Hunter as Captain Pike and Majel Barrett as
Number One. After viewing it, NBC told Roddenberry to fire almost the entire
cast; including Nimoy. “‘Drop the woman and the pointy eared guy’” (qtd. in
Nimoy I am Spock 32). Roddenberry explained how he compromised: “‘NBC
finally said that either the woman or the Martian- meaning Spock- had to go. So
I kept the Vulcan and married the woman because, obviously, I couldn’t have
done it the other way around…” (qtd. in Nimoy I am Spock 32). The second
pilot had new Captain Kirk played by William Shatner, and new crew: James
Doohan as Scott, George Takei as Sulu, Paul Fix as Dr. Piper, and Sally
Kellerman and Gary Lockwood as guest-stars.
By
the third episode, the Spock character was “born”. Spock’s appearance was
starting to gel at this time. His skin tone was finally set as a
yellowish-green. His eyebrows were slanted by shaving the ends off at the arch
and reforming them with yak-hair. Nimoy got the haircut, with the pointed
sideburns. Cast members were once again changed. Paul Fix was taken out and
DeForest Kelley was brought in to play Dr. McCoy. Nichelle Nichols was added as
Uhura.
Nimoy
figured out the relationships he would have as Spock with Kirk and McCoy. The
Kirk/Spock relationship was like The Lone Ranger and Tonto. However, Spock and
McCoy’s relationship was closer to Martin and Lewis, Gleason and Carney, or
Abbot and Castello; the latter being Nimoy’s favorite comedy team. Nimoy also
began to explore his character and his mannerisms. Nimoy was a big fan of Harry
Belafonte and went to see him in concert. During the first ten minutes, he
stood perfectly still, with his hands on his thighs. The only movement was his
mouth, throughout the applause and everything. Then during a song, he raised
his right arm up, parallel to the floor. It was “‘…like a thunderclap’ Nimoy
states. `He had set this serenity so that when he made that one single move, it
was extraordinary’” (qtd. in “What a Long Strange Trek it’s Been” 1). This
experience inspired Nimoy and “‘I discovered that if I were very passive and
serene, and then raised an eyebrow in a close-up on screen, that it worked’”
(qtd. in “…Strange Trek…” 1).
Nimoy
came up with the Vulcan hand salute from a Jewish gesture called the shin. The shin was done during the High Holiday service by the Kohanim (priests). They would extend
their hands over the congregation with “…the thumbs outstretched and the middle
and ring fingers parted so that each hand forms two vees” (Nimoy I am Spock
67). He chose this particular hand gesture because “Actors are always looking
for something personal to bring to their professional lives…Maybe, in a way, I
can call that salute my Vulcan shalom,
my greeting of peace, my yearning for the blessing of peace—the age-old quest
of the Jewish people, my people.” (Nimoy “…Jewish Means…” 1).
When
Nimoy was getting ready for the first time he was to say that memorable word
“fascinating”, he couldn’t quite come up with a way to state it. Joe Sargent, a
director, suggested that when he delivers his line he “‘…be cool and curious, a
scientist’” (Nimoy I am Spock 44). When Sargent said that, something for
Nimoy clicked and illuminated what made Spock unique and different from all
others on the bridge. A scientist was close to what some people have called
him: an analyst. (Raben and Cohen 24).
Despite
the Vulcan’s apathetic facade, many females of many races find Spock
unbelievably attractive. When Nimoy was in full Spock regalia for the first
time, a woman on the set saw him, and reacted. He was wearing his uniform and
the newly perfected ears. The woman approached him saying: “‘Oh,’ she breathed,
lifting a hand to my- excuse me, to Spock’s
ears. ‘May I touch them? They’re so attractive…’”
(Nimoy I am Spock 29).
The
late Isaac Asimov, renowned science fiction author, wrote an article about
Spock’s appeal to women. His daughter, when she was twelve, was watching Star Trek and exclaimed “‘Mr. Spock is
dreamy’” (qtd. in “T.V. Guide: Star Trek:
30 Years” 94). Asimov now claims that he understands what women find
attractive: intelligence. He had believed it to be “bruteness”-stupid and
strong. He wrote “For years and years, I have done my best to be a stupid
husband…But it hadn’t occurred to me that Mr. Spock was sexy…that girls
palpitate over the way one eyebrow goes up a fraction; that they squeal with
passion when a little smile quirks his lip. And all because he’s smart! If only I had known! If only I
had known!” (“T.V. Guide: Star Trek:
30 Years” 94). When asked on how he feels about being a “Mensa pin-up boy”,
Nimoy replied, “‘Well, if you have to be a sex symbol, it’s nice to be a sex
symbol for smart people’” (qtd. in Kenny “Galaxy of Stars: Leonard Nimoy 30).
In
the middle of Star Trek’s second
season, NBC hinted at canceling the show. In response, BJo (pronounced Bee-jo)
Trimble and her husband mounted a massive letter writing campaign. The
estimated number of letters received range from 40,000 to one million. NBC
agreed to renew Star Trek for a third
season. However, NBC transferred the show to
Despite
Star Trek’s cancellation, Nimoy
continued to stay very involved with assorted works. Several leading roles in the theater
presented themselves to him. Many of
these plays and musicals were very famous.
He played Tevye in “Fiddler on the Roof”, King Arthur in “Camelot” ,
Goldman in “The Man in the Glass Booth”,
Caligula in “Caligula”- in this particular play, Nimoy had to state “‘We
are resolved to be logical’” (qtd. in William 1)- “Oliver”, “Vincent”- a one
man play about Theo Van Gogh which he also directed and produced- “Sherlock
Holmes”- in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s national tour, and on Broadway, he
starred in “Equuse” and “Full Circle”.
Nimoy went on to act on to Star
Trek’s neighboring set of “Mission Impossible”. He played
The
very first Star Trek convention was held on
After
leaving the “Mission Impossible” show, Nimoy was approached by
Directing
Star Trek: III was not the first or
last attempt at directing Nimoy made. His very first directing job was an
episode of “Night Gallery” called “Death on a Barge”. Nimoy found the transition from acting to
directing to be easy and
difficult. “I found that I must balance
the needs of the actors with the needs of the director’s vision and make ‘em
work” (“…Shatner and …Nimoy” 8). He went
on to direct “Three Men and a Baby”, “Funny about Love”, “Holy Matrimony”, and
episode of “Deadly Games”, and “The Good Mother”.
Peter
Reiher, a college student at U.C.L.A., wrote a movie review for the movie “The
Good Mother”. He felt that even though Nimoy had become of the hottest
directors in
When
it comes to directing, Nimoy states, “I feel a director’s job is to experience
the joy and share it with the cast and ultimately, the audience” (Nimoy I am
Spock 43). Nimoy continued to act throughout directing. He even went back
to do a two-part episode of Star Trek:
The Next Generation called “Unification”. He took this part because “I
liked the script…I thought the story was wonderful” (Nimoy I am Spock
338). When asked how he feels about the comparisons of Spock and Data, an
android on ST: TNG, he replied “‘As for Data and Spock, Spock was
constantly trying to repress his emotions, whereas Data is looking for
emotions, for some humanity. Very interesting, a good idea and Brent [Spiner]
played it superbly well’” (“…Strange Trek…” 1).
Nimoy also feels that if in the future the opportunity should arise, he
would love to bring Spock home from
Nimoy
was very involved in the recent remake of the movie “I, Robot”. In the
original, Nimoy had a secondary role. This time he plays the attorney defending
the robot. As an extra bonus, Nimoy’s son, Adam, is the director. In 1991,
Nimoy played a survivor of the Holocaust in “Never Forget”, which he also
directed and co-produced for the TNT network. This took on the issue of
neo-Nazism and Holocaust denial. This character, Mel Mermelstein, fought a
successful court battle against these Holocaust deniers. This T.V. movie was
nominated for a Cable ACE Award. Nimoy also co-starred with Ingrid Bergman in
the T.V. movie “A Woman Called Golda”. He received an Emmy nomination for Best
Actor in a Dramatic Special. As acting goes, Nimoy states “‘I’m interested in
subject matter that has some issue at stake. I think entertainment is terribly
important but, at the same time, there has got to be some substance to the
material to keep me interested. Otherwise it just feels repetitive” (“…Strange
Trek…” 3).
When
Nimoy was approached to do a seventh Star
Trek movie where the Next
Generation cast
would star, he balked. When he read the script, he found that Spock’s part was
so small, it was more of a cameo than a guest-star’s part. He turned it down. “‘I
didn’t like it,’ he recalls. `I didn’t like it on screen. They asked me to
direct it, but I just didn’t like the story. It didn’t interest me’” (qtd. in
“…Strange Trek…” 2). He thinks Generations
(ST:VII) should have had completely TNG cast members, that the original cast
passed the baton in ST:VI. Nimoy also
comments “‘As politically incorrect as that sounds; I hated it. It demeaned the
original crew, and made us nothing more than glorified cameos to make the Next Generation cast look better’”
(“…Shatner and Nimoy” 3).
Not
only is Nimoy an actor and a director; he also enjoys writing. He really enjoys
writing for the screen, more than for books. He sees screen-writing as more of
a blending of acting and story-telling, not one over the other. He wouldn’t
want to give up either. While he hasn’t written a Star Trek book yet, he
has co-written for the Star Trek
comic book series. In fact, he was approached by Pocket Books, the publisher of
most Star Trek books, to write one.
He is currently working on it.
Almost
everyone has heard of the famous first autobiography that Nimoy wrote in 1975: I
am Not Spock. “‘I was not protesting
when I chose that title, I was trying to be interesting.’” (qtd. in “…Strange
Trek…” 1). He felt a kind of betrayal when people read the title and drew
conclusions without ever reading the book. (T.V. Guide: S.T. 30). In fact,
Nimoy feels “If I had to be someone else, I would be Spock. I like him. I
admire him” (Infusino 52). His second autobiography, I am Spock was
published in 1995. In this new book, Nimoy wrote conversations with the
character Spock. Most of these are funny, some are profound.
Spock:
Our association has been most unusual and
fascinating. I have …
enjoyed it. Live long and
prosper, Leonard.
Nimoy: I think I’ve already done the
former, Spock. And—
in no small part thanks
to you—I’ve certainly done
the latter. (Nimoy I am Spock 343).
Other
works Nimoy has written have been well received. Thirty volumes of poetry total
have been published. A story which he co-authored with the late Asimov is the
basis for the new monthly comic book “Primortals”.
Nimoy
has also made a few audio recordings. He has recorded ten narrative albums,
some “Star Trek” books on tape. Recently, Nimoy has teamed up with John de
Lancie (“Q” from ST:TNG) to create a
series of audio tapes featuring some of science fiction’s greatest works ever
written. The group effort, called Alien Voices Productions, has made
several recordings of many classics. This audio company also created a
phenomenon called “Spock vs. Q”. This wildly popular play depicts Nimoy’s
character, Spock, and de Lancie’s character, Q, in a serious debate about the
fate of humanity. Spock is in favor of humanity ; while Q is once again
declaring their inadequacies. The original play came out in 1999, and the
sequel in 2001.
Thirty
years after Star Trek aired, its
popularity has grown as it has for the entire cast of the original show,
especially Nimoy. The cast and crew from Star
Trek hold their own opinions of Leonard Nimoy and his incredible acting
abilities. Gene Roddenberry referred to Nimoy as “the conscience of Star Trek” (qtd. in Online “Leonard
Nimoy” 1). William Shatner states, “There’s a toughness about him I envy”
(“…Shatner and…Nimoy” 2). Nichelle Nichols says, “Leonard was, and is, a
thoroughly charming, ethical, and thoughtful man” (Nichols 148). George Takei
had seen Nimoy act years before Star Trek
in a production of “Deathwatch”. Most of the play took place in a jail cell
occupied by three prisoners: a homosexual, the object of his desire, and a
“detached and silently brooding cell mate” (Takei 208). The third actor,
Leonard Nimoy, was, according to Takei, “good, but he seemed too intellectual,
too cool, no star quality” (Takei 208). Later, at the first meeting of actors
for the Star Trek show, as Nimoy
walked in, Takei “spied another face, the face from the small theater
production of “Deathwatch…” (Takei 229). Then when Nimoy spoke for the first
time: “A voice came out of the dark. And into the light emerged not an actor,
but a surreal presence…The person who stepped into full view exuded a detached,
even slightly superior attitude” (Takei 230).
A
common, well-known fact is that Leonard Nimoy and William Shatner are best
friends. Their birthdays are exactly four days apart, with Shatner being the
elder. Nimoy claims that despite their friendship, they “are as different as
salt and pepper”(Nimoy I am Spock 33). He also says that Shatner is “…a
very passionate guy. He plunges into stuff” (Hauck 277). Many fans already know
that Shatner is a huge prankster, with Nimoy as his unwilling victim. Nimoy
even goes as far as to say
I
think it’s time the world knew the hidden ugly truth about what really went on the
Star Trek set: Bill Shatner is one of
the worst punsters in the world, and it soon became his `five year mission’ to
try to crack me up on the set. (Nimoy I am Spock 33).
Another
popular story is all centered around Nimoy’s bicycle. Because of the amount of
make-up Spock demanded, Nimoy had a bike in order to get to the commissary for
lunch and back again on time for a touch up. For some reason, Shatner fixated
on this bike. His pranks started simple enough: hiding the bike on the set. He
even enlisted the camera crew to hoist it up on ropes and hang it near the
soundstage’s ceiling. Of course, Shatner was only getting “warmed up”. On
different occasions, Nimoy found his bike chained to a fire hydrant, then in
Shatner’s trailer…with Shatner’s most faithfully protective and ferocious
Dobermans. In frustration, Nimoy put the bike in his Buick and parked it next
to the soundstage. As a climatic counter-attack, Shatner had the Buick towed.
Enduring the tricks and pranks was easy because the two have been friends since
almost the very first day the series started. “We’ve been through some rough
times, but our friendship has endured. I count him among my closest of friends”
(“…Shatner and …Nimoy” 6).
Another
famous aspect of their relationships was the Shatner/Nimoy feud. Magazines
claimed that Spock’s popularity caused Shatner and Nimoy to detest each other
and that they weren’t on speaking terms. Nimoy, however, states that it was
more of a “sibling rivalry” (Nimoy I am Spock 110). “We were like a pair
of very competitive brothers…Our deep, sincere respect for each other
outweighed any conflict” (Nimoy I am Spock 110).
Nimoy
feels that the entire Star Trek
experience has affected him in only a positive way. Nimoy acted in an unpopular
science fiction movie called “Zombies of the Stratosphere”. “‘It was not badly
made…but the ideas were silly…Then Star
Trek comes into the picture and deals with over-population, ecological
problems, racial difficulties and pollution. Scientists were interested in the
show. It opened the door for a different kind of science fiction’” (qtd. in
“…Strange Trek…” 2). When the show first started, Nimoy somehow knew it would
be popular. He guessed it would because of the amount of fan mail everyone
received. However, no one thought it would still be around thirty years later.
He described the rapid popularity of Star
Trek as a “‘…cult, small and intense, but that doesn’t apply anymore…it was
Star Trek which educated the
programmers to the idea that there was an audience for science fiction. It used
to be a low-level genre, thought of as a sub-genre in literature and films’”
(qtd. in “…Strange Trek…” 2).
Referring
to Shatner as a “sibling” comes from Nimoy’s feelings on how he saw the Star Trek cast. “I always saw Star Trek as a story about a family, a
group of people, Kirk, Spock, McCoy, Scotty and the rest, who set out to seek
ideas and help solve problems and to report back with information that would be
useful to mankind. And in that way, the stories could illuminate people’s
lives, and through interaction of the characters, show how they treated each
other with dignity and professionalism, which is terribly important” (qtd. in
Nimoy “Generation after Generation” 4). He even states that he regards he and
Spock as “twins, joined at the hip” (qtd. in William 2). Many people have been
inspired by Nimoy, and Star Trek, to
become astronauts, scientists, or actors. Responding to this, Nimoy declares
that “‘It’s always a true pleasure to hear that some of our work inspires
people. That’s not just a line, it’s really how I feel. That the work we do, as
actors, can inspire people to enter all these remarkable professions always
brings a smile to my face’” (“…Shatner and …Nimoy” 5).
Even
though he has acted for ST: TNG, he
feels that the three spin-off series have a politically correct agenda, while
the original series was more just good sci-fi. He thinks back to earlier
interviews and says “I’ve been asked if playing Spock made me a better person.
I hope so” (Nimoy “Gen. After Gen. 5). When it comes to the actual Star Trek occurrences, Nimoy states “The
whole experience of Star Trek has
been absolutely fascinating” (Nimoy “Gen. After Gen.” 5). “Looking back on the
past thirty years, I’m incredibly grateful for my involvement with the Vulcan”
(qtd. in Online “Spock’s Mystery Unveiled” 3).
Leonard
Nimoy has had a long and successful career acting for the theater, television,
and movies. Nonetheless, the public still associates Mr. Spock from Star Trek.
And rightly so. Nimoy feels that he is Spock
in a way. “…he’s a part of me” (Nimoy I am Spock 345). Despite this
connection, Nimoy had gone on to act for many films. “My plate is very full
right now, even without Star Trek” (Nimoy I am Spock 345) Even after his bad reaction to ST:VII, is there a possibility of seeing
Spock in future Star Trek movies? “‘I
doubt it, I just don’t think I’m hearing it from them” (qtd. in “…Strange
Trek…” 2).
One
interesting, and newly revealed fact is that, originally, Roddenberry had asked
Deforest Kelley to play Spock. However, Kelley declined when he heard about the
western Roddenberry was working on at the same time. Thinking about what Star
Trek would be like if Nimoy hadn’t taken the role is a scary thought. Millions
of fans could now be adoring some other actor, instead of the one and only
Leonard Nimoy. By accepting and loving his character, Nimoy has allowed us a
glimpse into the man behind the ears,
Leonard Nimoy.
Works Cited
Cornwell,
Sue, and Mike Kott. The Official Price Guide: Star Trek and Star Wars.
New
Hauck,
Dennis. Captain Quirk.
Infusino,
Divina. “Out of Character: Leonard Nimoy.” T.V. Guide Spring 1995: 52+.
Kenny,
Glenn. “Galaxy of Stars: Leonard Nimoy.” Entertainment Weekly 1994: 30.
“Leonard
Nimoy.” Online 1997. <http://www.bluemountain.com/home/nimoy.html> (4
April 1997).
Micklas,
Jr., John. Leonard Nimoy: A Star’s Trek.
Nichols,
Nichelle. Beyond Uhura.
Nimoy,
Leonard. “Generation after Generation.” Star Trek: 30 Years 1996: 4+.
Nimoy,
Leonard. I am Spock.
Nimoy,
Leonard. “What being Jewish Means to Me.” Online 1997.
<http://www.tiac.net/users/heydan/nimoy.jpg> (
Raben,
Richard, and Hiyaguha Cohen. Boldly Live As You’ve Never Lived Before.
New
Radditz,
Leslie. “Product of Two Worlds.” T.V. Guide
Reiher,
Peter. “The Good Mother Movie Review.”
<http://ficus-www.cs.ucla.edu/project-
members/reiher/reviews/good.mother.html> (
Schuster,
Hal, and Wendy Rathbone. Trek: The Encyclopedia.
1994.
Shatner,
William, and Chris Kreski. Star Trek Memories.
Shatner,
William, and Chris Kreski. Star Trek Movie Memories.
HarperCollins, 1994.
“Spock’s
Mystery Unveiled.” Online 1997.
<http://www.loci.com/HO/events/guests/
spock.html> (
Takei,
George. To the Stars.
“T.V.
Guide Classic Cover Gallery.” Online 1997. <http://www.tvguide.com/tv/cover/cgi-
bin/cover. Pl?cover=670304> (
“What
a Long Strange Trek it’s Been.” Online 1997.
http://www.dublin.iol.ie/hotpress/
sub/iss25951/leonardn.htm>
William,
Andie. “About Leonard Nimoy.” Online 1997. <http://lisp.com.au/~awilliam/
nimoy.html> (
“William
Shatner & Leonard Nimoy.” Online 1997.
<http://tos-www.tos.net/tos/romulan/
logs/shatner.html> (
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