Summer Reading Assignment
Index Notes Labs Web Quests Assignments Quizzes Links Student Work
Over the summer, you will be required to read Chapters 1-4. For each
chapter, you are to define the given vocabulary and answer the questions given
on a separate sheet of paper. The assignment will be due the first day of school
and will count as four daily grades. You will have your first quiz on the second
day of school on the vocabulary from Chapter 1. The second quiz will cover
vocabulary from Chapter 2 and dates will be announced in class and on the
internet. We will be reviewing the material before you are tested on it. If you
have any questions over the summer, please feel free to email me at home at mcteerld@spart5.k12.sc.us.
I will check this email once a week for sure but I will get back to you as soon
as possible. You can also find the assignment online using the following
websites.
http://teacherweb.com/sc/jfbyrneshs/lisamcteer
– This website contains the assignments and links to all other websites you
will be using throughout the summer. This one can be accessed from any computer
including the library.
https://www.angelfire.com/sc3/missmcteer
– This website contains everything you will need for the class. Be sure to
check it out closer to the start of the new school year so you can get a head
start on the assignments in the class. Another helpful tool from this website is
the notes. Each chapter’s notes have been typed and placed on the web for you
to print so you can study them before the discussion begins in class. Please
take the time to use these tools to your advantage.
The last thing to
let you know about is your activity in the science fair.
Over the summer, begin looking at possible research projects. Find something
that interests you and make notes of it so that when we begin discussions next
year, you will be able to participate.
1.
Define
element and compound.
2.
State four
elements essential to life that make up 96% of living matter.
3.
Describe the
structure of an atom.
4.
Define and
distinguish among atomic number, mass number, atomic weight and valence.
5.
Given the
atomic number and mass number of an atom, determine the number of neutrons.
6.
Explain
why radioisotopes are important to biologists.
7.
Explain how
electron configuration influences the chemical behavior of an atom.
8.
Explain the
octet rule and predict how many bonds an atom might form.
9.
Explain why
the noble gases are so unreactive.
10.
Define electronegativity and explain how it influences the formation of
chemical bonds.
11.
Distinguish among nonpolar covalent, polar covalent and ionic bonds.
12.
Describe the formation of a hydrogen bond and explain how if differs from
a covalent or ionic bond.
13.
Explain why weak bonds are important to living organisms.
14.
Describe how the relative concentrations of reactants and products affect
a chemical reaction.
15.
Describe the chemical conditions on early Earth and explain how they were
different from today.
Matter |
Atomic
weight |
Valence
electron |
Polar
covalent bond |
Element |
Isotope |
Valence
shell |
Ion |
Trace
element |
Radioactive
isotope |
Chemical
bond |
Cation |
Atom |
Energy |
Covalent
bond |
Anion |
Neutron |
Potential
energy |
Molecule |
Ionic
bond |
Proton |
Energy
level |
Structural
formula |
Hydrogen
bond |
Electron |
Energy
level |
Molecular
formula |
Chemical
reactions |
Atomic
nucleus |
Electron
shell |
Double
covalent bond |
Reactants |
Dalton |
Orbital |
Valence |
Products |
Atomic
number |
Electronegativity |
Chemical
equilibrium |
Mass
number |
Nonpolar
covalent bond |
|
|
|
Chapter
3 Objectives
1.
Describe how
water contributes to the fitness of the environment to support life.
2.
Describe the
structure and geometry of a water molecule, and explain what properties emerge
as a result of this structure.
3.
Explain the
relationship between the polar nature of water and its ability to form hydrogen
bonds.
4.
List five
characteristics of water that are emergent properties resulting from hydrogen
bonding.
5.
Describe the
biological significance of the cohesiveness of water.
6.
Distinguish
between heat and temperature.
7.
Explain how
water’s high specific heat, high heat of vaporization and expansion upon
freezing affect both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
8.
Explain how
the polarity of the water molecules makes it a versatile solvent.
9.
Define
molarity and list some advantages of measuring substances in moles.
10.
Write the equation for the dissociation of water, and explain what is
actually transferred from one molecule to another.
11.
Explain the basis for the pH scale.
12.
Explain how acids and bases directly or indirectly affect the hydrogen
ion concentration of a solution.
13.
Using the bicarbonate buffer system as an example, explain how buffers
work.
14.
Describe the causes of acid precipitation, and explain how it adversely
affects the fitness of the environment.
Polar
molecule |
Celsius
scale |
Solute |
Hydrogen
ion |
Cohesion |
Calorie |
Solvent |
Molarity |
Adhesion |
Kilocalorie |
Aqueous
solution |
Hydroxide
ion |
Surface
tension |
Joule
|
Hydrophilic |
Acid |
Kinetic
energy |
Specific
heat |
Hydrophobic |
Base |
Heat |
Evaporative
cooling |
Mole |
pH
scale |
Temperature |
Solution |
Molecular
weight |
Buffer |
Acid
precipitation |
|
|
|
Chapter
4 Objectives
1.
Summarize the philosophies of vitalism and mechanism, and explain how
they influenced the development of organic chemistry, as well as mainstream
biological thought.
2.
Explain
how carbon’s electron configuration determines the kinds and number of bonds
carbon will form.
3.
Describe
how carbon skeletons may vary, and explain how this variation contributes to the
diversity and complexity of organic molecules.
4.
Distinguish
among the three types of isomers: structural, geometric and enantiomers.