 Aerial - a stunt in which the gymnast turns completely over in the air without touching the apparatus with his or her hands. Amplitude - the height, or degree of execution of a movement. In general, the higher the salto or the more breathtaking the movement, the better the amplitude and the score. Apparatus - one of the various pieces of equipment used in gymnastics competitions. Arabian: a one-half twist into a front flip. Arch- the body is curved backwards. Back-in, Full-out - a double salto with a full twist (the complete twist performed during the second salto). Back walkover: a move made from a back-arch (or bridge) position, bringing one foot, then the other, down toward the front. Similar to a back handspring but using smoother, more controlled movements, with arms and legs moving one at a time rather than in pairs. Cartwheel- a move in which the hands are placed on the ground sideways, one after the other, with each leg following. Arms and legs should be straight. Cast: Starting from a front support, bend at the hips to generate energy to push your body above the bar, and return to front support Chen: back handspring with a tuck-open motion of the legs to swing down to cross straddle-sit. Invented by Chen Cuiting. Chusovitina on bars: giant backward to handstand with a hop full twist in handstand phase. Invented by Oksana Chusovitina. Compulsories - predesigned routines which contain specific movements required of all gymnasts. Composition - the structure of a gymnastics routine. Each individual movement or skill is a building block; how they are arranged into an exercise is called the composition of the routine. Counter Kim: swing forward on high bar, facing away from low bar, counter front salto straddled to hang on high bar in reverse grip. First invented by Vitaly Marinitch, but first competed by Kim Gwang Suk. Cuervo vault: any front handspring vault with an immediate twist in post-flight. Def: swing down forward between the bars to a stretched backwards salto with 1.5 twists to hang on the high bar. Invented by Jacques Def. Deltchev: swing down between bars to straddled salto with 1/2 turn. Invented by Stoyan Deltchev. Dismount - to leave an apparatus at the end of a routine; usually done with a difficult twist or salto. Execution - the performance of a routine. Form, style and the technique used to complete the skills constitute the level of execution of an exercise. Bent knees, poor toe point and an arched or loosely-held body position are all examples of poor execution. Flic-Flac - also known as a flip-flop or back handspring. Take off one or two feet, jump backwards onto hands and land on feet. This element is used in a majority of tumbling passes on the floor exercise. It's also used a great deal on the balance beam. Flyaway: a bar dismount in which the gymnast swings down from the high bar and Fontaine: a bars dismount which consists of a back giant swing into a back tuck with a half twist into a front tuck. NOT the same as an arabian double front. Invented by Larissa Fontaine. Front hip pullover: a mount used on the uneven parallel bars. The body is supported on the hands, the hips resting on either bar. Usually combined with a hip circle. Full-in, Back-out - a double salto with a full twist (the complete twist performed during the first salto). Gainer layout: layout stepout where, in the starting position, the back foot swings through to become the leading foot before the salto begins. Gaylord on high bar - front giant into a one-and-one-half front salto over the bar to regrasp. First done by U.S. Gymnast Mitch Gaylord. Giant - a swing in which the body is fully extended and moving through a 360 degree rotation around the bar. Gienger: a bar release move in which the gymnast does a flyaway with a one-half twist and re-grasps the bar. Invented by Eberhard Gienger. Half-in, Half-out - a double salto with a half twist on the first salto and a half twist on the second salto. Handspring - springing off the hands by putting the weight on the arms and using a strong push from the shoulders; can be done either forward or backward; usually a linking movement. Handstand: a move performed by supporting the body on both hands, with the arms straight and the body vertical. Hindorff: clear hip circle through handstand, counter straddle (Tkatchev) to hang on bar. Invented by Sylvia Hindorff. Hip circle: a move made by circling either bar of the uneven parallel bars with the hips touching the bar. If the hips do not touch the bar, the move is called a clear hip circle. Hristakieva : roundoff onto the board, back handspring onto the horse, arabian off . Jaeger: forward giant between the bars (in L or reverse grip), swing backward to forward pike or straddled salto to regrasp bar Kip - movement from a position below the equipment to a position above. Layout- straight or slightly arched body position, may be seen during a movement or a still position. Maloney: on low bar, a piked sole circle through a handstand with flight to hang on high bar. Invented by Kristen Maloney. Miller: a beam manuever in which the gymnast does a back dive with a quarter twist to handstand followed by a half pirouette. Invented by Shannon Miller. Milosovici mount: a round off to the board to a back handspring with a tuck-open motion of the legs to swing down to cross straddle-sit onto the beam. Invented by Lavinia Milosevici. Omelianchik: back dive with 3/4 turn to handstand sideways on beam (optional back hip circle). Invented by Oksana Omelianchik. Ono turn: Now called a Bi turn, after Bi Wenjing, it's an inverted giant swing (forward) with stretched body and 1/1 turn in handstand phase on one arm. Optionals - personally-designed routines which show the gymnast to the best advantage. Pak salto: a move in which the gymnast releases the high bar, flips backward, and catches the low bar. Invented by Gyong Sil Pak. Pike - body bent forward more than 90 degrees at the hips while the legs are kept straight. Pirouette: a turn on a vertical axis, either on your feet or in a handstand Pivot turn: While standing in a stretched, relevé position, with one foot in front of the other, keeping both feet in place, turn your entire body pivoting on your toes Possé: Standing on one foot, the other leg is bent, toes on the knee Release - leaving the bar to perform a move before regrasping it. Roundoff- similar to the cartwheel, but with aa half-twist, and the legs standing together in a pair. Routine - a combination of stunts displaying a full range of skills on one apparatus. Rudi: a one-and-a-half twisting front flip. Rulfova>: flic flac with full twist-swing down to cross straddle-sit on beam. Invented by Jana Rulfova. Salto - flip or somersault, with the feet coming up over the head and the body rotating around the axis of the waist. Scale: Balancing on one foot with the other leg high in the air; chest is down; can be done in a variety of positions Shaposhnikova: clear hip circle through to a handstand on the low bar (facing away from the high bar) with flight to hang on the high bar. Invented by Natalia Shaposhnikova. Somi-and-a-half: another way of saying one and a half somersault. Stalder: a free sole circle (backwards or forwards) to handstand position/ Sticking: refers to a dismount or final move that is performed without taking additional steps. Straddle- a position in which the gymnast's legs are far apart at each side. Swedish fall: a move in which a gymnast does a free fall drop straight onto the ground, with hands shooting out at the last second. Teza: a full twisting flic flac in side position to back hipcircle. Invented by Elvire Teza. Thomas: an uneven bar release move in which the gymnast swings around the bar, lets go on top in the handstand, performs a full twist, and re-grasps the bar. Invented by Kurt Thomas. Tkatchev (or reverse hecht): a bar release move in which the gymnast swings around the bar, lets go just before reaching a handstand, straddles or pikes his legs while flying over the bar, then leans forward to re-grasp the bar. Invented by Alexander Tkatchev. Tsavdaridou mount: a round off to the spring board, full twisting back handspring swing down onto the beam. Invented by Vasiliki Tsavdaridou. Tsukahara: a vault in which the gymnast does a half turn onto the vault followed by a back flip. Invented by Mitsuo Tsukahara. Tuck - a position in which the knees and hips are bent and drawn into the chest; the body is folded at the waist. Twist - not to be confused with a salto, a twist occurs when the gymnast rotates around the body's longitudinal axis, defined by the spine. Virtuosity - the artistry, or the degree of rhythm and harmony, displayed while a movement is executed. In general, the more flowing and seamless a series of skills appears to be, the greater the virtuosity and the higher the score. Walkover- a move from a back-arch (bridge, back-bend), bringing one foot, then the other down toward the front. Similar to the back hand spring but using smoother, more controlled movements, with arms and legs moving one at a time rather than in pairs. Whip back: a back handspring without the hands touching the floor. Yurchenko loop: flic flac in side position (standing SIDEWAYS on the beam) to front support (or with back hipcircle). Invented by Natalia Yurchenko. Yurchenko Vault - Round-off entry onto the board, flic-flac onto the horse and one of the following off the horse: layout, full twist, one-and-a-half twist or double twist. Animations by KIP Productions. For more pictures/animations, go to Barbara Chin's Terms. 
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