The geometry of a substance is how a compound or allotrope appears in 3-D space.
The size of the NON-BONDING or BONDING PAIRS of ELECTRONS, and of the ATOMS or IONS of
the constituent ELEMENTS all determine the ELECTRONIC, MOLECULAR, or CRYSTAL LATTICE
geometry. HYBRIDIZATION or mixing of SUBORBITALS also helps ot account for the observed
shapes of COVALENT BONDED compounds. The VSEPR or VALENCE SHELL ELECTRON PAIR
REPULSION theory assumes that all the bonding and nonbonding pairs of electrons will repel each other.
The geometries that result from this assumption are from placing the HYBRID SUBORBITALS as far
apart as possible. MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY assumes that the placement of atoms in a molecule
are determined by QUANTUM MECHANICAL effects. The ATOMIC ORBITALS are split into and fill
BONDING ORBITALS and ANTIBONDING ORBITALS as the atoms form a covalent bond. If the theory
predicts that MORE bonding orbitals are formed than nonbonding orbitals, then the compound may
exist. If the theory predicts that the number of bonding orbitals formed is LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO
the number of nonbonding orbitals, then the compound may not form.
BIOINFORMATICS is the combination of mathematics, statistics and computer science methods to interpret biological data and answer biological questions. Simply,an application of all the methods used above to find the location and action of biologically active atoms in molecules.
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