This program gives only instructions to users, and it will not analyze the salt for you. By embedding certain hardwares we can make a machine to analyze salts, and it is beyond my mind.
Usually a salt contains at least one Basic Radical and one acidic radical. We must identify the name of the basic radical and acidic radical to name the salt and to use without confusion. We can say that identification of various elements such as acidic radicals and basic radicals that are present in a salt is called as Salt Analysis. In schools and in colleges students use different books and tables to help them in salt analyzing. Most of the students can not understand them and take decision , that is what should be done in next step. This program can help them by giving instructions about next step.
By using this program, We can identify 22 basic radicals and 14 acidic radicals. The basic radicals are as follows,
| 1. Aluminium | 2. Ammonium | 3. Antimony | |
| 4. Arsenic | 5. Barium | 6. Bismuth | |
| 7. Cadmium | 8. Calcium | 9 . Chromium | |
| 10 . Cobalt | 11 . Copper | 12. Ferric | |
| 13. Ferrus | 14. Lead | 15.Magnesium | |
| 16. Manganese | 17. Mercury | 18.Nickel | |
| 19. Strontium | 20. Tin | 21.Zinc | |
| 22. Silver |
The acidic radicals are as follows,
| 1.Arsanide | 2.Arsenate | 3.Borate |
| 4.Bromide | 5.Carbonate | 6.Chloride |
| 7.Chromate | 8.Flouride | 9.Iodide |
| 10.Nitrate | 11.Oxalate | 12.Phosphate |
| 13.Sulphide | 14.sulphate |
| 1.Arsanide | 2.Arsenate | 3.Borate |
| 4.Bromide | 5.Carbonate | 6.Chloride |
| 7.Chromate | 8.Flouride | 9.Iodide |
| 10.Nitrate | 11.Oxalate | 12.Phosphate |
| 13.Sulphide | 14.sulphate |
To 2 ml of extract add dil.HNO3 till there is no effervescence. Add Silver Nitrate Solution. If precipitate is formed filter it. Add ammonium Hydroxide along the walls of test tube.
RESULT: Chocolate brown ring at the neutral zone.
To 2 ml of the extract add dil. HNO3 till there is no effervescence. Pass H2S.
RESULT: Yellow precipitate appears.
Mix a little of the substance with Borax and Conc.H2So4 in a test tube. Heat and set fire to the vapour.
RESULT: Green flame appears.
To a little of the substance in a test tube add about 1 ml of Conc.H2SO4 and 2 ml of Ethyl Alcohol . Heat and set fire to the vapour.
RESULT: Green edged flame.
Mix the substance with a little MnO2.Add Conc.H2SO4 and warm.
RESULT: Reddish brown gas turning starch iodide paper Blue.
Add a few ml of diluted HCl to a little substance in a test tube.
RESULT: Brisk effervescence. Colorless, odourless gas turning lime water milky.
Heat 0.1 gm of the substance with 0.3 gm of Potassium Chromate and 1 ml of Conc.H2SO4.Pass the red vapour of Chromyl Chloride into a little water. Add NH4OH and acetic acid add lead acetate.
RESULT: Yellow precipitate appears.
Heat 0.1 gm of the substance with Sodium Chloride 0.3 gm of Potassium dichromate and 1 ml of Conc.H2SO4.Pass the red vapours of Chromyl chloride into water. Add NH4OH and acetic acid and lead acetate.
RESULT: Yellow precipitate appears.
Mix a little of the substance with Borax and Conc.H2SO4 in a test tube. Heat and set fire to the vapour.
RESULT: Green flame appears.
Mix the substance with a littleMnO2.add Conc. H2SO4 and warm.
RESULT: Violet vapour turning starch paper Blue.
To 2 ml of the extract add dil.H2SO4 till there is no effervescence. Add FeSO4 along the side of the test tube.
RESULT :Brown ring in the junction of two liquids.
Add dil. H2SO4 to a little of the substance in a test tube. Warm and add a pinch of MnO2.
RESULT: Colourless Gas turning lime water milky.
To a little substance in a test tube add 2 ml of Conc. HNO3 and warm. Cool it under the tap. Add the mixture to 5 ml of Ammonium Molybdate solution taken in another test tube.
RESULT: Yellow precipitate appears.
To 2ml of the extract add dil.H2SO4 till there is no effervescence. Add NH4CL,NH4OH and then MgSO4 solution. Scratch the side of the test tube.
RESULT: White crystalline.
Add 2 ml of extract with dil H2SO4 till there is no effervescence. Add BaCl2 solution.
RESULT: White precipitate appears.
Add few ml of diluted HCl to a little of the substance in a test tube and warm.
RESULT: Colourless gas with the smell of rotten eggs. It turns lead acetate paper shining black.
| 1. Aluminium | 2. Ammonium | 3. Antimony | |
| 4. Arsenic | 5. Barium | 6. Bismuth | |
| 7. Cadmium | 8. Calcium | 9 . Chromium | |
| 10 . Cobalt | 11 . Copper | 12. Ferric | |
| 13. Ferrus | 14. Lead | 15.Magnesium | |
| 16. Manganese | 17. Mercury | 18.Nickel | |
| 19. Strontium | 20. Tin | 21.Zinc | |
| 22. Silver |
1.Add Nesler's Reagent to salt solution.
RESULT: Purple precipitate appears.
2.Add Sodium Hydroxide solution to salt solution.
RESULT: White precipitate appears. It dissolves in excess Sodium Hydroxide solution.
3.Add 2 ml of Sodium Hydroxide solution to salt solution and add Aluminon reagent.
RESULT: Reddish precipitate appears
1.Add salt solution with a few drops of Nesler's solution and excess amount of Sodium Hydroxide.
RESULT: Brown precipitate appears.
2.Add salt with Sodium Hydroxide and heat it.
RESULT: Gas with smell of Ammonia comes. It turns Red litmus into Blue and gives white fume with glass bar, soaked in Conc. Hydrochloric acid.
Add 5 ml of diluted HCL to salt. Pass H2S.Precipitate appears. Dissolve it by adding diluted HCL. To it add KOH and Bromine water. Add solid NH4Cl
and boil for a few minutes. Filter it and add diluted HCL. Pass H2S.
RESULT: Orange colour precipitate appears.
Add pure Zinc and diluted H2SO4 to an arsenic compound. Cover the mouth of the test tube with filter paper soaked in AgNO3.
RESULT: The paper first turns Yellow and then black.
1.Add 5 ml of HCl to Salt. Add NH4OH and NH4CL.Add strong solution of Ammonium carbonate. Boil and filter. Precipitate appears. Add hot dil Acetic acid and add K2CRO4 solution.
RESULT: Yellow precipitate appears.
Dissolve it in HCL. Add S2S2 solution.
RESULT: White precipitate appears.
Add 5 ml of diluted HCl to salt. Pass H2S.Precipitate appears. Boil it with 5 ml of diluted Nitric acid. Add 5ml of Conc. H2SO4.Add Thio Urea.
RESULT: Yellow colour precipitate appears.
Add 5 ml of diluted HCl. Pass H2S.Precipitate appears. Boil it with 5ml of diluted Nitric acid .Add 5 ml of Conc.H2SO4.Add Ammonium Hydroxide.
RESULT: Yellow precipitate appears.
1.Add salt solution and 2 ml of Pottassium Chromate solution.
RESULT: No precipitate.
2.Add salt solution and 1 ml of Ammonium chloride and 1 ml of Ammonium Hydroxide and 2 ml of Ammonium oxalate.
RESULT: White precipitate appears. It does not dissolves in Acetic acid.
Add a few ml of diluted HCL to a little substance in a test tube.
RESULT: Brisk effervescence. Colourless,odourless gas turning lime water milky.
Add 5 ml of diluted HCL to salt. Add NH4CL. Precipitate appears. Boil it with Sodium Peroxide. Precipitate dissolves. Add acetic acid and lead acetate.
RESULT: Yellow precipitate appears.
1.Add 5ml of dil HCL to salt and boil it. Add 1ml of Amyl alcohol ether and 1 ml of NH4 CNS solution. Shake well.
RESULT: The upper layer is colour edintense blue.
2.Add 5 ml of HCL to salt. Boil it .Add 2 ml of ZNSO4 solution. Soak a roll of filter paper and burn the wet end.
RESULT: The ash will be green.
1.Add Ammonium Hydroxide solution .Then light blue precipitate appears. Add excess Ammonium Hydroxide.
RESULT: It will become dark blue.
2.Add 2 ml of Pottassium Fluoride to salt solution.
RESULT: Chocolate brown colour precipitate appears.
1.Add 2 ml of Pottassium Ferro cyanide to salt solution.
RESULT: Blue precipitate appears.
2.Add 2ml of Ammonium Thio cyanide solution to salt solution.
RESULT: Bloddish red appears.
Add Pottassium Ferri cyanide to the salt solution
RESULT: Blue precipitate appears
1.Add 2 ml of Pottassium Chromate to salt solution.
RESULT: Yellow precipitate appears.
2.Ass 2 ml of Pottassium Iodide solution.
RESULT: Yellow precipitate appears. This becomes glittering gold particle when hot water is added and cooled.
Add 5 ml of diluted HCL to salt. Add NH4CL .Precipitate appears. Add Benz dine and acid.
RESULT: The precipitate turns Blue.
1.Add 5 ml of Hydrochloric acid to little substance.
RESULT: Precipitate appears.
Boil the precipitate with water. It does not dissolves. Add Sodium Hydroxide solution. Heat it and filter.
RESULT: Black precipitate appears.
2.Add 5 ml of diluted Hydrochloride acid to salt solution. Pass Hydrogen Sulphide gas. Precipitate appears. Boil it with 5 ml of diluted Nitric acid and the filter. In one portion add SnCl2 .
RESULT: White precipitate turns grey.
To other portion add KI
RESULT: Red precipitate appears.
Add HCL to the salt. Boil it. Add NH4CL,NH4OH and K3FE(CN)4 to a few drops.
RESULT: Yellowish brown precipitate soluble in NH4OH.
1.Add 5ml of HCl. to a little substance. Precipitate appears. Boil the precipitate with water. It does not dissolves. Add Ammonium Hydroxide solution to it.
RESULT: The precipitate dissolves.
Add diluted Nitric acid
RESULT: Curdy White precipitate appears.
Add 5 ml of Hydrochloric acid to salt. Add Ammonium Hydroxide
and Ammonium Chloride. Add strong solution of Ammonium Carbonate.
Precipitate appears. Dissolve it in hot acetic acid. Add K2CrO4 solution.
Filter it. Boil with Ammonium Sulphate solution.
RESULT: White precipitate appears.
Add 5 ml of n diluted HCl to salt. Pass H2S. Precipitate appears. Dissolve it by adding diluted HCL. Add KOH and Bromine water until the colour of the liquid remains yellow. Add solid NH4OH and boil for a few minutes.White precipitate appears . Reduce by boiling with iron fillings, Filter and add HgCl.
RESULT: White precipitate appears.
1.Add Sodium Hydroxide solution to salt solution.
RESULT: White precipitate appears.
2.Add 2 ml of Pottassium Ferro Cyanide solution.
RESULT: White precipitate appears. It dissolves in Sodium Hydroxide solution.
DATA
FILES USED
ALUMINIUM.DAT
Confirmation
tests for Aluminium:
1.Add
Nesler's Reagent to salt solution.
RESULT:
Purple precipitate appears.
2.Add
Sodium Hydroxide solution to salt solution.
RESULT:
White precipitate appears. It dissolves in excess Sodium Hydroxide solution.
3.Add
2 ml of Sodium Hydroxide solution to salt solution and add Aluminon reagent.
RESULT:
Reddish precipitate appears.
PRESS
ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
AMMONIUM.DAT
Confirmation
tests for Ammonium:
1.Add
salt solution with a few drops of Nesler’s solution and excess amount of
Sodium Hydroxide.
RESULT:
Brown precipitate appears.
2.Add salt
with Sodium Hydroxide and heat it.
RESULT:
Gas with smell of Ammonia comes. It turns Red litmus into Blue and gives white
fume with glass bar, soaked in Conc. Hydrochloric acid.
PRESS
ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
ANTIMONY.DAT
Confirmation
tests for Antimony:
Add 5 ml of diluted HCl to salt. Pass H2S.Precipitate
appears. Dissolve it by adding diluted HCl. To it add KOH and Bromine water. Add
solid NH4Cl
and
boil for a few minutes. Filter it and add diluted HCl. Pass H2S.
RESULT:
Orange colour precipitate appears.
PRESS
ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
ARSENIC.DAT
Add pure Zinc and diluited H2SO4
to an arsenic compound. Cover the mouth of the test tube with
filter paper soaked in AgNO3.
RESULT:
The paper first turns Yellow and then black.
PRESS
ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
BARIUM.DAT
Confirmation
test for Barium:
1.Add 5 ml
of HCl to Salt. Add NH4OH and NH4Cl.Add strong solution of
Ammonium carbonate. Boil and filter. Precipitate appears. Add hot dil Acetic
acid and add K2CrO4 solution.
RESULT:
Yellow precipitate appears.
Dissolve it in HCL. Add S2S2 solution.
RESULT:
White precipitate appears.
PRESS
ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
BISMUTH.DAT
Confirmation
test for Bismuth:
Add 5 ml of diluted HCl to salt. Pass H2S.Precipitate
appears. Boil it with 5 ml of diluted Nitric acid. Add 5ml of Conc. H2SO4.Add
Thio Urea.
RESULT:
Yellow colour precipitate appears.
PRESS
ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
CADMIUM.DAT
Confirmation
test for cadmium:
Add 5 ml of diluted HCl. Pass H2S.Precipitate
appears. Boil it with 5ml of diluted Nitric acid .Add 5 ml of Conc.H2SO4.Add
Ammonium Hydroxide.
RESULT:
Yellow precipitate appears.
PRESS
ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
CALCIUM.DAT
Confirmation
tests for Calcium:
1.Add
salt solution and 2 ml of Pottassium Chromate solution.
RESULT: No
precipitate.
2.Add salt
solution and 1 ml of Ammonium chloride and 1 ml of Ammonium Hydroxide and 2 ml
of Ammonium oxalate.
RESULT:
White precipitate appears. It does not dissolves in Acetic acid.
PRESS
ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
CARBONATE.DAT
Confirmation
test for Carbonate:
Add
a few ml of diluted HCl to a little substance in a test tube.
RESULT:
Brisk effervescence. Colourless odourless gas
turning lime water milky.
PRESS
ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
CHROMIUM.DAT
Confirmation
test for Chromium:
Add 5 ml of
diluted HCl to salt. Add NH4Cl. Precipitate appears. Boil it with
Sodium Peroxide. Precipitate dissolves. Add acetic acid and lead acetate.
RESULT:
Yellow precipitate appears.
PRESS
ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
COBALT.DAT
Confirmation
tests for Cobalt:
1.Add 5ml of dil HCl to salt and boil it. Add 1 ml of
Amyl alcahol ether and 1 ml of NH4 CNS solution. Shake well.
RESULT: The
upper layer is colour edintense blue.
2.Add 5 ml of HCL to salt. Boil it .Add 2 ml of ZnSO4
solution. Soak a roll of filter paper and burn the wet end.
RESULT: The
ash will be green.
PRESS
ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
COPPER.DAT
Confirmation
test for Copper:
1.Add
Ammonium Hydroxide solution. Then light blue precipitate appears. Add excess
Ammonium Hydroxide.
RESULT: It will become dark blue.
2.Add
2 ml of Pottassium Fluoride to salt solution.
RESULT:
Chocolate brown colour precipitate appears.
PRESS
ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
FERRIC.DAT
Confirmation
tests for Ferric:
1.Add
2 ml of Pottassium Ferro cyanide to
salt solution.
RESULT: Blue precipitate appears.
2.Add
2ml of Ammonium Thio cyanide solution to salt solution.
RESULT: Bloddish red appears.
PRESS
ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
FERRUS.DAT
Confirmation
tests for Ferrus:
Add
Pottassium Ferri cyanide to the salt solution.
RESULT: Blue precipitate appears
PRESS
ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
LEAD.DAT
Confirmation
tests for Lead:
1.Add
2 ml of Pottassium Chromate to salt solution.
RESULT:
Yellow precipitate appears.
2.Ass
2 ml of Pottassium Iodide solution.
RESULT:
Yellow precipitate appears. This becomes glittering gold particle when hot water
is added and cooled.
PRESS
ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
MANGANESE.DAT
Confirmation
tests for Manganese:
Add
5 ml of diluted HCL to salt. Add NH4Cl .Precipitate appears. Add Benz
dine and acid.
RESULT:
The precipitate turns Blue.
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
MERCURY.DAT
Confirmation
tests for Mercury:
1.Add
5 ml of Hydrochloric acid to little substance.
RESULT:
Precipitate appears.
Boil
the precipitate with water. It
does not dissolves. Add Sodium Hydroxide solution. Heat it and filter.
RESULT:
Black precipitate appears.
2.Add
5 ml of diluted Hydrochloride acid to salt solution. Pass Hydrogen Sulphide gas.
Precipitate appears.Boil it with 5 ml of diluted Nitric
acid and the filter. In one portion add SnCl2 .
RESULT:
White precipitate turns grey.
To
other portion add KI
RESULT:
Red precipitate appears.
PRESS
ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
NICKEL.DAT
Confirmation
tests for Nickel:
Add HCL to the salt. Boil it. Add NH4CL,NH4OH
and K3Fe(CN)4
to
a few drops.
RESULT:
Yellowish brown precipitate soluble in NH4OH.
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
SILVER.DAT
Confirmation
tests for Silver:
1.Add
5ml of HCl. to a little substance.
Precipitate appears. Boil the precipitate with water. It does not dissolves. Add
Ammonium Hydroxide solution to it.
RESULT:
The precipitate dissolves.
Add
diluted Nitric acid
RESULT:
Curdy White precipitate appears.
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
STRANTIUM.DAT
Confirmation
tests for Strontium:
Add 5 ml of Hydrochloric acid to salt. Add Ammonium
Hydroxide
and
Ammonium Chloride. Add strong solution of Ammonium Carbonate.
Precipitate
appears. Dissolve it in hot acetic acid. Add K2CrO4
solution.
Filter
it. Boil with Ammonium Sulphate solution.
RESULT:
White precipitate appears.
PRESS
ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
TIN.DAT
Confirmation tests for in:
Add 5 ml of diluted
HCl to salt. Pass H2S. Precipitate appears. Dissolve it by adding
diluted HCl .Add KOH and Bromine water until the colour of the liquid remains
yellow. Add solid NH4OH
and boil for a few minutes. White precipitate appears . Reduce by boiling with
iron fillings, Filter and add HgCl.
RESULT:
White precipitate appears.
PRESS
ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
ZINC.DAT
Confirmation
tests for Zinc:
1.Add
Sodium Hydroxide solution to salt solution.
RESULT:
White precipitate appears.
2.Add
2 ml of Pottassium Ferro Cyanide solution.
RESULT:
White precipitate appears. It dissolves in Sodium Hydroxide
solution.
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
ZZZZ.DAT(ARSENITE)
Confirmation
test for Arsenite:
To 2 ml of extract add dil HNO3 till there
is no effervescence. Add Silver Nitrate Solution. If precipitate is formed
filter it. Add ammonium Hydroxide along the walls of test tube.
RESULT:
Chocolate brown ring at the neutral zone.
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
AAAA.DAT(ARSENIDE)
Confirmation
test for Arsenide:
To 2 ml of the extract add dil. HNO
till there is no effervescence. Pass H2S.
RESULT:
Yellow precipitate appears.
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
BORATE.DAT
1.Boron
Tri Fluoride Test:
Mix a little of the substance with Borax and Conc.H2So4
in a test tube. Heat and set fire to the vapour.
RESULT:
Green flame appears.
2.Ethyl
Borate Test:
To a
little of the substance in a test tube add about 1 ml of Conc.H2So4
and 2 ml of Ethyl Alcohol. Heat and
set fire to the vapour.
RESULT:
Green edged flame.
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
BROMIDE.DAT
Confirmation
test for bromide:
Mix the substance with a little MnO2.Add
Conc.H2SO4 and warm.
RESULT: Reddish brown gas turning starch iodide paper Blue.
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
CARBONATE.DAT
Confirmation
test for Carbonate:
Add a few ml of diluted HCl to a little substance in a test tube.
RESULT:
Brisk effervescence. Colourless odourless gas turning lime water milky.
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
CHLORIDE.DAT
Confirmation
test for Chloride:
Chromyl
Chloride test:
Heat 0.1 gm of the substance with 0.3 gm of Pottassium
Chromate and 1 ml of Conc.H2SO4.Pass the red vapour of
Chromyl Chloride into a little water. Add NH4OH and acetic acid add
lead acetate.
RESULT:
Yellow precipitate appears.
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
CHROMATE.DAT
Confirmation
test for Chromate:
Heat 0.1 gm of the substance with Sodium Chloride 0.3
gm of Pottassium dichromate and 1 ml of Conc.H2SO4.Pass
the red vapours of Chromyl chloride into water. Add NH4OH and acetic
acid and lead acetate.
RESULT:
Yellow precipitate appears.
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
FLOURIDE.DAT
Boron
Tri Fluoride test:
Mix a little of the substance with Borax and Conc.H2SO4
in
a
test tube. Heat and set fire to the vapour.
RESULT:
Green flame appears.
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
IODIDE.DAT
Confirmation
test for Iodide:
Mix the substance with a littleMnO2.add
Conc. H2SO4 and warm.
RESULT:
Violet vapour turning starch paper Blue.
PRESS
ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
NITRATE.DAT
Brown
Ring Test:
To 2 ml of the extract add
dilH2SO4 till there is no effervescence. Add FeSO4
along the side of the test tube.
RESULT:
Brown ring in the junction of two liquids.
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
OXALATE.DAT
Confirmation
test for Oxalate:
Add dil. H2SO4 to a little of the
substance in a test tube. Warm and add a pinch of MnO2.
RESULT: Colourless Gas turning lime water milky.
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
PASS.DAT(PHOSPHATE)
1.Ammonium
Molybdate test:
To a little substance in a test tube add 2 ml of Conc.
HNO3 and warm. Cool it under the tap. Add the mixture to 5 ml of
Ammonium Molybdate solution taken in another test tube.
RESULT:
Yellow precipitate appears.
2.Magnesia
Mixture Test:
To 2 ml of
the extract add dil.H2SO4 till there is no
effervescence. Add NH4Cl,NH4OH and then MgSO4
solution. Scratch the side of the
test tube.
RESULT:
White crystalline.
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
SULPHATE.DAT
Confirmation
test for Sulphate:
Add 2 ml of extract with dil H2SO4
till there is no effervescence. Add BaCl2 solution.
RESULT:
White precipitate appears.
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
SULPHIDE.DAT
Confirmation
test for Sulphide:
Add few ml
of diluted HCl to a little of the substance in a test tube and warm.
RESULT:
Colourless gas with the smell of rotten
eggs. It turns lead acetate paper shining
black.
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
INT1.DAT
Usually a salt contains at least one Basic Radical and one acidic
radical. We must identify the name of the basic radical and acidic radical to
name the salt and to use without confusion. We can say that identification of
various elements such as acidic radicals and basic radicals that are present in
a salt is called as Salt Analysis.
By using this program, We can
identify 22 basic radicals and 14 acidic radicals. The basic radicals are as
follows,
1. Aluminium
2. Ammonium
3. Antimony
4. Arsenic
5. Barium
6. Bismuth
7. Cadmium
8. Calcium
12.Ferric
13. Ferrus
14. Lead
15.Magnesium
16. Manganese
17. Mercury
18.Nickel
19. Strontium
20. Tin
21.Zinc
22. Silver
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE…
INT2.DAT
The acidic radicals are as follows,
1.Arsanide 2.Arsenate
3.Borate
4.Bromide
5.Carbonate 6.Chloride
7.Chromate 8.Flouride
9.Iodide
10.Nitrate
11.Oxalate
12.Phosphate
13.Sulphide
14.sulphate
ELLIM1.DAT
ELLIMINATION
OF UNWANTED ACIDIC RADICALS
Before entering into the group tests of 3,4,5,6th
group metals, we must elliminate
some of the acid radicals to get the correct result. The acid radicals to be
elliminated are as follows and also the method of ellimination.
1.CHROMIDE,FLOURIDE & BORATE
Ellimination: Boil the solution after the precipitation
of the 2 nd group metals with 5 ml of Conc.HCl in a china clay till it is nearly
dry. Boil with HCl thrice. then dilute it with water and proceed to precipitate
3rd group metals.
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE...
ELLIM2.DAT
2.OXALATE
Ellimination:
Roast the substance in a china dish. Oxalate gives carbonates and oxides.
cool and boil the residue with dil .HCl. Filter and proceed with the filtrate to
precipitate 3rd group metals.
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE...
3.PHOSPHATE
Ellimination:
Zirconyl Nitrate Method. To the solution obtained after group 2 tests,
boil to remove H2S and drop of Conc.HNO3 and boil gently.
Add a drop of saturated NH4CL solution and 3 drops of Ziconyl Nitrate reagent.
Digest for 2 minutes and filter. Test the filtrate for phosphate by adding a
drop of Zirconium reagent. If a precipitate is formed add a drop more of the
reagent, digest and centrifuge. Repeat this process if necessary till all
phosphate has been precipitated and only a slight excess of
Zirconium is present in solution. Reject the residue of Zirconium Phosphate. The
filtrate
is used for precipitating from 3rd group metals.
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#include#include #include #define K salt=4000 void introduction(void); void ellimination(void); int turnpoint(void); void confirm(int); void main() { int g,another_salt=1,copper=0,ash_colr,flame_colr; int short_cut=0,tp,borate=0,property,salt_colr; int yes,salt_fnd=0,yesorno,first,second,yesorno_3,yesorno_4,ppt_colr; int salt;/*SALT CODE*/ char dcn; clrscr(); gotoxy(35,10); printf("SALT ANALYSIS"); printf("\n\n\n\tDo Want Any Introduction About Salt"); printf("Analysis:(y/n)"); scanf("%c",&dcn); if(dcn=='y'||dcn=='Y')/*Calls Introduction file*/ { clrscr(); introduction(); getch(); } while(another_salt==1) { getch(); clrscr(); gotoxy(25,20); printf("O.K. Enter properties"); printf("\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\tCOLOURS\n\n1.PINK\n2.BROWN\n"); printf("3.BLUE"); printf("\n4.BRIGHTGREEN\n5.LIGHTGREEN\n6.YELLOW\n"); printf("7.COLOURLESS\n8.EXIT.\n"); printf("\nPlease enter colour code:"); scanf("%d",&salt_colr); if(salt_colr==8) { clrscr(); printf("\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\tTHANK YOU."); getch(); exit(0); } clrscr(); if(salt_colr==1||salt_colr==2||salt_colr==3||salt_colr==5) { switch(salt_colr) { case 1: salt=10; tp=turnpoint(); if(tp==1) { short_cut=1; confirm(10);//cobalt() break; } else break; case 2:salt=12; tp=turnpoint(); if(tp==1) { short_cut=1; confirm(12);//ferric() break; } else break; case 3:salt=11; tp=turnpoint(); if(tp==1) { short_cut=1; copper=1; confirm(11);//copper() break; } else break; case 5:salt=13; tp=turnpoint(); if(tp==1) { short_cut=1; confirm(13);//ferrus() break; } else break; }//switch() { gotoxy(10,10); printf("Do ash test."); printf("\n\n\n\t\t\tEnter 1 if ash colour is bright green:"); scanf("%d",&ash_colr); if(ash_colr==1) { salt=1000; salt_fnd=0; borate=1; confirm(103);//borate() } } }//if color==1,2,3,5 else if(salt_colr==4||salt_colr==6||salt_colr==7) { gotoxy(25,10); printf("Please do the flame test.\n\t\t\tWatch flame colour."); printf("\n\n1.BRIGHT GREEN\n2.BLUISHGREEN\n3.APPLE"); printf(" GREEN\n"); printf("4.BRICKRED\n5.CRIMSON RED\n6.COLOURLESS\n"): printf("Please colour code:"); scanf("%d",&flame_colr); switch(flame_colr) { case 1:borate=1; salt=1000; confirm(103);//borate() break; case 2:salt=11; tp=turnpoint(); if(tp==1) { short_cut=1; confirm(11);//copper() break; } else break; case 3:short_cut=1; confirm(5);//barium() break; case 4:short_cut=1; confirm(8);//calcium() break; case 5:short_cut=1; confirm(19);//strontium() break; case 6: gotoxy(25,10); clrscr(); printf("Please heat some salt in a test tube"); printf("\n\n\n\t\t1.Colourless gas appears with"); printf(" the smell of Ammonia."); printf("\n\t\t2.Reddish brown gas\n\t\t3.No result"); printf("\n\tEnter your result:"); scanf("%d",&property); if(property==1) { short_cut=1; confirm(2);//ammonium() } else if(property==2) goto nitrate; else { clrscr(); gotoxy(25,15); printf("Please do the ash test.\n\n1.BLUE\n2.GREEN"); printf("\n3.PALE RED\n 4.COLOURLESS\n\n"); printf("Enter colour code:"); scanf("%d",&ash_colr); switch(ash_colr) { case 1:salt=1; tp=turnpoint(); if(tp==1) { short_cut=1; confirm(1);//aluminium() break; } else break; case 2:salt=21; tp=turnpoint(); if(tp==1) { short_cut=1; confirm(21);//zinc() break; } else break; case 3:short_cut=1; confirm(15);//magnesium() break; case 4:salt=1000; break; }//switch }//else break; }//switch }//else if if(borate==0) { // clrscr(); gotoxy(15,10); printf("Prepare extract.\whether the "); printf("colour of the extract is yellow:(1.y/2.n)"); scanf("%d",&yesorno); if(yesorno==1) { salt_fnd=1; confirm(107);//chromate } else if(yesorno==2) { clrscr(); printf("\nAdd salt with 2 ml of con.H2SO4"); printf("\n\n\n\n1.Vigorous reaction\n-colourless gas gives "); printf("white fume with glass rod dipped in NH3OH.\n\n\n"); printf("2.Reddish brown gas\n-turns starch"): printf(" iodide paper blue\n"); printf("\n\n3.While heating it gives violet vapour\n"); printf("-which turns starch paper blue\n\n\n4.colourless"); printf("gas gives white "); printf("fume on wet glass rod\n-oily appearance on test"); printf(" tube wall.\n"); printf("\n\n5.Reddish brown on strong heating\n"); printf("6.No particular result"\n\nEnter your result:"); scanf("%d",&property); if(property==1||property==2||property==3) { printf("\nPrepere Extract"); printf("\nAdd 2 ml Extract+dil HNO3 till there is"); printf(" no effervessence"); printf("\n1.WHITE precipitate\n2.PALE YELLOWprecipitate\n"); printf("3.YELLOW precipitate\nEnter your result"); scanf("%d",&ppt_colr); switch(ppt_colr) { case 1:l: printf("\nSalt+MNO2+Conc.H2SO4--heat"); printf("\yellowish green gas changes starch "); printf("iodide paper blue:(1.y)?"); scanf("%d",&yes); if(yes==1) { salt_fnd=1; confirm(106); //chloride break; } else { printf("Do again"); getch(); goto l; } case 2:m: printf("\nSalt+H2SO4+KMNO4"); printf("\nDecolourised steadily:(1.y)?"); scanf("%d",&yes); if(yes==1) { salt_fnd=1; confirm(104);//bromide break; } else { printf("Do again"); getch(); goto m; } case 3:n: printf("\nSalt+dil H2SO$+KMNO4"); printf("\nDecolourised slowly:(1.y)?"); scanf("%d",&yes); if(yes==1) { salt_fnd=1; confirm(109);//iodide break; } else { printf("Do again"); getch(); goto n; } }//switch }//if a=l,2,3 else if(property==5) { nitrate: o: printf("\n\n\n\n\n\nAddd Salt with Conc.H2SO4"); printf(" and Copper Turning.Then heat.\n\n"); printf("\n\n\nReddish gas-turns FeSO4 paper brown:(1.y)?"); scanf("%d",&yes); if(yes==1) { salt_fnd=1; confirm(110);//nitrate() } else { printf("Do again"); getch(); goto o; } }//else if; else if(property==4) goto q; else if(property==6) { clrscr(); printf("\n\n\nAdd HCl+Salt"); printf("\n\n1.Brisk effervessence-changes lime water "); printf(" milky\n2.Colourless gas of rotten egg smell\n"); printf("3.No result\n\nEnter your result:"); scanf("%d",&property); switch(property) { case 1:salt_fnd=1; confirm(105);//carbonate(); break; case 2:salt_fnd=1; confirm(114);//sulphide(); break; case 3:printf("\n\nExtract+hCl+CaCl2"); printf("\n\n\nWhite precipitate1.y/2.n"); scanf("%d",&yesorno); if(yesorno==1) { q: salt_fnd=1; confirm(108);//fluoride(); break; } else if (yesorno==2) goto p; }//switch if(salt_fnd==0) { p: printf("Do ammonium molibdate test"); printf("1.Bright yellow\n2.Yellow3.no"); scanf("%d",&property); if(property==1) confirm(112);// //phosphate else if(property==2) { printf("Extract+Hno3+SILVER nitrate +Ammonium"); printf(" Hydroxide along walls"); printf("Yellow ring .(1.y/2.n)"); scanf("%d",&yesorno); if(yesorno==1) confirm(101);//arsenate() else if(yesorno==2) confirm(102);//arsenide() } else if(property==3) confirm(113);//sulphate(); }//if z!=2 }//if z!=1 } } if(short_cut==0) { if((salt==11)||(salt==1000)) { printf("\n\n\n\n\t\tADD SALT WITH HCl IN A TEST TUBE"); printf("\n\n\n\n\t\tWether any precipitatappears:(1.y/2.n)"); scanf("%d",&yesorno); if(yesorno==1) { g=1; goto group; } else if(yesorno==2) { printf("\n\n\t\tPass H2S gas through it."); printf("\n\n\t\tEnter the colour of the precipitate:"); printf("\n1.BLACK\n2.BROWN\n3.YELLOW\n4.ORANGE\n"); printf("5.NO PPT\n\n Pleaes enter the colour code:"); scanf("%d",&ppt_colr); if(ppt_colr==1) { printf("\n\nAdd precipitate with 5 ml of HNO3.\nBoil the"); printf("solution and filter."); printf("\nThe precipitate dissolve(1.y/2.n):"); scanf("%d",&first); if(first==1) confirm(17);//mercury() else { a: clrscr(); printf("\n\n\t\t\tAdd 1 ml Conc.H2SO4 .\n\n"); printf("Precipitate not appears.(1.y/2.n)"); scanf("%d",&copper); if(copper==1) confirm(14);//lead(); else if (copper==2) confirm(11);//copper() }//cc1 } else if (ppt_colr==2) { printf("\nAdd precipitate with 5ml of HNO3.Boil "); printf("it and filter\n"); printf("Then add Conc.H2so4.Add Ammonium hydroxide "); printf("in excess."); printf("\n\t\t\t1.Precipitateappears\n\t\t\t"); printf("2.No precipitate\n\nPlease enter your result:"); scanf("%d",&yesorno); if (yesorno==2) confirm(6);//bismuth(); else if (yesorno==1) { printf("\n\n\tThen the Colour of the solution is"); printf(" blue.(1.y2.n)"); scanf("%d%",&first); if(first==1) confirm(11);//copper(); else if(first==2) { b: clrscr(); printf("\n\n\t\tPass H2S through it."); printf("Whether yellow ppt:(1.y )?"); scanf("%d",&yes); if(yes==1) confirm(7);//cadmium(); else { printf("Do again the above experiment."); getch(); goto b; } }//d } //x }//sc==2 else if(ppt_colr==3) { printf("\n\nAdd dil.HCl.Pass H2S.\nBoil the ppt with "); printf("Conc.HCl.And filter it."); printf("The ppt dissolves:(1.y/2.n)"); scanf("%d",&yesorno); if(yesorno==1) { c: clrscr(); printf("\n\nDissolve ppt in aquaregia. Dilute it."); printf("And Add NH4Cl,NH4OH and MgSO4. "); printf("\n\nWhite crystalline precipitate appears:(1.Y)?"); scanf("%d",&first); if(first==1) confirm(4);//arsenic(); else { printf("\n\n\n\t\tDo the above experiment again."); getch(); goto c; } } //x else if(yesorno==2) { printf("\n\n\tBoil to remove H2S.Add add "); printf("KOH+ Bromine water until the liquid "); printf(" remains yellow."); printf("\nAdd solid NH4Cl.And boil few minutes."); printf("White ppt:(1.y/2.n)"); scanf("%d",&first); if(first==2) confirm(20);//tin(); else if(first==1) { d: clrscr(); printf("Add HCl.Pass H2S.Orange coloured "); printf("ppt.(1.y/2.n)"); scanf("%d",&second); if(second==1) confirm(3);//antimony(); else { printf("\n\nPlease do again the above experiment."); getch(); goto d; }//r }//x }//d }//else if cc=3 else if(ppt_colr==4) confirm(3);//antimony(); else if (ppt_colr==5) { salt=2000; goto next; } }//d=2 }//salt==11 else if((salt==12)||(salt==13)||(salt==1)||(salt==2000)) { next: ellimination(); printf("\n\nAdd Salt with 5 ml of HCl and NH4OH+NH4Cl."); printf("\n\n\t1.BROWN ppt\n\t2.GREEN"); printf("ppt\n\t3.WHITE ppt\n\t4.COLOURLESS ppt\n"); printf("Enter your result:"); scanf("%d",&ppt_colr); if(ppt_colr==4) { salt=3000; goto nex; } else if(ppt_colr==3) confirm(1);//aluminium(); else if(ppt_colr==2) { aaa: clrscr(); printf("\n\n\tBoil the precipitate with Sodium Peroxide"); printf("precipitate appears(1.y/2.n):"); scanf("%d",&yesorno); if(yesorno==1) { printf("\n\nDissolve the precipitate in Conc.HCl."); printf("\n\n\n\t\tAdd NH4CNS."); printf("\n\n\tDeep red colour.(1.y/2.n)"); scanf("%d",&first); if(first==1) { printf("\n\nOriginal soln+Fe3 CN6.Blue colour "); printf("precipitate \nappears(1.y/2.n):"); scanf("%d",&second); if(second==1) confirm(13);//ferrus(); else if(second==2) { e: printf("\n\nOriginal soln+NH4CNS. Red "); printf("Colour.(1.y/2.n)"); scanf("%d",&yesorno_3); if(yesorno_3==1) confirm(12);//ferric(); else { printf("Please do the above experiment again."); getch(); goto e; } } } else if(first==2) { f: printf("\n\nBoil the soln with 2 ml of HNO3 and trace of"); printf(" \nSodium Bismuth ate."); printf("\n Purple colour appears(1.y/2.n):"); scanf("%d",&second); if(second==1) confirm(16);//manganese(); else { printf("Do again the above experiment."); getch(); goto f; } } } else if(yesorno==2) { g: printf("\n\n\nAdd HCl with Ammonium Hydroxide."); printf("\nWhite precipitate appears(1.y/2.n):"); scanf("%d",&first); if(first==1) confirm(1);//aluminium(); else { printf("\n\nAdd acetic acid+lead acetate."); printf("\nYellow precipitate appears(1.y/2.n):"); scanf("%d",&second); if(second==1) confirm(9);//chromium(); }//else } } else if(ppt_colr==1) goto aaa; } else if((salt==21)||(salt==3000)||(salt==10)) { nex: clrscr(); printf("Add Salt+5 ml HCl+NH4OH+NH4Cl.Then pass H2S"); printf("Precipitate appears.\n1.BLACK\n 2.WHITE\n"); printf(" 3.FLESH or BUFF\n\nEnter the colour of ppt"); scanf("%d",&ppt_colr); if(ppt_colr==2) confirm(21);//zinc(); else if(ppt_colr==3) confirm(16);//manganese(); else if(ppt_colr==1) { printf("\n\nAdd dil. HCl.ppt dissolves.\nEnter your result"); printf("Dissolve ppt in 2ml of HCl+KClO3."); printf("\nevaporate to dryness in a china dish.\n"); printf("\n\t1.BLUE or BLUISH GREEN Residue"); printf("\n\t2.YELLOW Residue\n\nEnter your result:"); scanf("%d",&ppt_colr); if(ppt_colr==1) { printf("\n\ndissolve in water.\nAdd 1 ml of saturated "); printf("NH2CNS.\n"); printf("Blue colour turns pink on dilution.(1.y/2.n)"); scanf("%d",&yesorno); if(yesorno==1) confirm(10);//cobalt(); } else if (ppt_colr==2) { printf("\nDissolve in water.\nAdd CL+NH4OH+ "); printf("Dimethyl glyoxime\n"); printf("Red precipitate appears.(1.y/2.n)"); scanf("%d",&first); if(first==1) confirm(18);//nickel(); } }//cc=1 } group: if(g==1) { printf("\n\n\n\tAdd salt with 5 ml of dil.HCl.Precipitate"): printf(" will appear."); printf("\n\n\n\tThen boil with 5 ml of water."); printf("The precipitate dissolves(1.y/2.n):"); scanf("%d",&yesorno); if(yesorno==1) { printf("\n\n\n\tThen Add acetic acid and K2CrO4."); printf('Yellow precipitate appears.(1.y/2.n):"); scanf("%d",&first); if(first==1) confirm(14);//lead(); } else { printf("\n\n\n\t Then add NH4OH to it."); printf("Black precipitate appears.(1.y/2.n):"); scanf("%d",&first); if(first==1) confirm(17);//mercury(); else { printf("\n\n\n\tAdd dil HNO2 to it."); printf("Curdy white precipitate appears.(1.y/2.n):"); scanf("%d",&second); if(second==1) confirm(22);//silver(); } }//else }//check end }// last: gotoxy(10,20); printf("Do You Want To Do Another salt:(1.y/2.n)"); scanf("%d",&another_salt); } getch(); } /* sub functions*/ void introduction(void) { FILE *fp; char s[500]; fp=fopen("int1.dat","r"); if(fp==NULL) { gotoxy(30,20); printf("CANNOT OPEN FILE"); return; } while(fgets(s,500,fp)!=NULL) printf("%s",s); fclose(fp); getch(); clrscr(); fp=fopen("int2.dat","r"); if(fp==NULL) { gotoxy(30,20); printf("CANNOT OPEN FILE"); return; } while(fgets(s,500,fp)!=NULL) printf("%s",s); fclose(fp); return; } int turnpoint(void) { int tp; gotoxy(10,30); printf("\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\tDo you want Shortcut.Enter 1:"); scanf("%d",&tp); if(tp==1) tp=1; return tp; } void ellimination(void) { FILE *fp; char s[500]; fp=fopen("ellim.dat","r"); if(fp==NULL) { gotoxy(30,20); printf("CANNOT OPEN FILE"); return; } while(fgets(s,500,fp)!=NULL) printf("%s",s); fclose(fp); getch(); clrscr(); fp=fopen("ellim1.dat","r"); if(fp==NULL) { gotoxy(30,20); printf("CANNOT OPEN FILE"); return; } while(fgets(s,500,fp)!=NULL) printf("%s",s); fclose(fp); getch(); clrscr(); fp=fopen("ellim2.dat","r"); if(fp==NULL) { gotoxy(30,20); printf("CANNOT OPEN FILE"); return; } while(fgets(s,500,fp)!=NULL) printf("%s",s); fclose(fp); getch(); clrscr(); return; } void confirm(int j) { FILE *fp; char s[500]; clrscr(); switch(j) { case 1:fp=fopen("aluminium.dat","r"); break; case 2:fp=fopen("ammonium.dat","r"); break; case 3:fp=fopen("antimony.dat","r"); break; case 4:fp=fopen("arsenic.dat","r"); break; case 5:fp=fopen("barium.dat","r"); break; case 6:fp=fopen("bismuth.dat","r"); break; case 7:fp=fopen("cadmium.dat","r"); break; case 8:fp=fopen("calcium.dat","r"); break; case 9:fp=fopen("chromium.dat","r"); break; case 10:fp=fopen("cobalt.dat","r"); break; case 11:fp=fopen("copper.dat","r"); break; case 12:fp=fopen("ferric.dat","r"); break; case 13:fp=fopen("ferrus.dat","r"); break; case 14:fp=fopen("lead.dat","r"); break; case 15:fp=fopen("magnesium.dat","r"); break; case 16:fp=fopen("man.dat","r"); break; case 17:fp=fopen("mercury.dat","r"); break; case 18:fp=fopen("nickel.dat","r"); break; case 19:fp=fopen("stran.dat","r"); break; case 20:fp=fopen("tin.dat","r"); break; case 21:fp=fopen("zinc.dat","r"); break; case 22:fp=fopen("silver.dat","r"); break; case 101:fp=fopen("zzzz.dat","r"); break; case 102:fp=fopen("aaaa.dat","r"); break; case 103:fp=fopen("borate.dat","r"); break; case 104:fp=fopen("bromide.dat","r"); break; case 105:fp=fopen("carbon.dat","r"); break; case 106:fp=fopen("chloride.dat","r"); break; case 107:fp=fopen("chromate.dat","r"); break; case 108:fp=fopen("flouride.dat","r"); break; case 109:fp=fopen("iodide.dat","r"); break; case 110:fp=fopen("nitrate.dat","r"); break; case 112:fp=fopen("pass.dat","r"); break; case 113:fp=fopen("sulphate.dat","r"); break; case 114:fp=fopen("sulphide.dat","r"); break; } if(fp==NULL) { gotoxy(30,20); printf("CANNOT OPEN FILE"); return; } while(fgets(s,500,fp)!=NULL) printf("%s",s); fclose(fp); getch(); clrscr(); return; } //END OF PROGRAM//
| 1. Aluminium | 2. Ammonium | 3. Antimony | |
| 4. Arsenic | 5. Barium | 6. Bismuth | |
| 7. Cadmium | 8. Calcium | 9 . Chromium | |
| 10 . Cobalt | 11 . Copper | 12. Ferric | |
| 13. Ferrus | 14. Lead | 15.Magnesium | |
| 16. Manganese | 17. Mercury | 18.Nickel | |
| 19. Strontium | 20. Tin | 21.Zinc | |
| 22. Silver |
| 1.Arsanide | 2.Arsenate | 3.Borate |
| 4.Bromide | 5.Carbonate | 6.Chloride |
| 7.Chromate | 8.Flouride | 9.Iodide |
| 10.Nitrate | 11.Oxalate | 12.Phosphate |
| 13.Sulphide | 14.sulphate |
1. colour : colourless 2 flame test : colourless 3. heat salt : no result 4. ash test : blue 5.HCl+salt : no result 6. HCl+salt+H2S : no result 7. HCl+NH4OH+NH4Cl : precipitate ( white )
1. colour : colourless 2. flame test : colourless 3. heat salt : smell of NH3
1. colour : colourless
2. flame test : colourless
3. heat salt : no result
4. ash test : no result
5. HCl +salt : no result
6. HCl+salt+H2S : precipitate ( yellow )
7. HCl+H2S+precipitate : dissolves
8. KOH +bromine water
+NH4Cl : orange coloured
1. colour : colourless
2. flame test : colourless
3. heat salt : no result
4. ash test : no result
5. HCl+ salt : no result
6. HCl+salt+H2S : precipitate ( yellow )
7. HCl+H2S+precipitate : not dissolves
1. colour : colourless 2. flame test : apple green
1. colour : colourless 2. flame test : colourless 3. heat salt : no result 4. ash test : no result 5. HCl +salt : no result 6. HCl+salt+H2S : precipitate ( brown ) 7. precipitate+HNO3+H2SO4 : no result 8. Add NH4OH : precipitate( white )
1. colour : colourless
2. flame test : colourless
3. heat salt : no result
4. ash test : no result
5. HCl +salt : no result
6. HCl+salt+H2S : precipitate ( brown) ( yellow)
7. precipitate+H2SO4+NH4OH
+pass H2S : yellow precipitate
1. colour : colourless 2. flame test : brick red
1. colour : colourless
2. flame test : colourless
3.heat salt : no result
4. ash test : no result
5. HCl +salt : no precipitate
6. HCl+salt+H2S : no precipitate
7. salt+NH4OH+NH4Cl+HCl : precipitate ( green )
8. boil with sodium peroxide : precipitate dissolves
9. HCl+NH4OH : no precipitate
10. acetic acid + lead acetate : precipitate (yellow)
1. colour : pink
2. HCl +salt : no precipitate
3. HCl+salt+H2S : no precipitate
4. salt+NH4OH+NH4Cl+HCl : precipitate (greeen)
5. salt+HCl+NH4OH+NH4Cl+
pass H2S : precipitate(black)
6. add HCl : ppt not dissolves
7. HCl+KClO3 : blue or bluish green residue
8. add NH4CNS : blue colour turning pink colour
1. colour : blue
2. flame test : bluish green
3. HCl +salt : no precipitate
4. HCl+salt+H2S : precipitate (black)
1. colour : bright green colourless
2. flame test : bluish green colourless
3. HCl +salt : no precipitate
6. HCl+salt+H2S : precipitate ( black )
1. colour : light green
2. HCl +salt : no precipitate
3. HCl+salt+H2S : no precipitate
4. salt+NH4OH+NH4Cl+HCl : precipitate (brown)
5. boil with sodium peroxide : not precipitate dissolves
6. HCl+NH4CNS : deep red
7. salt+Fe3(CN6) : precipitate (blue)
1. colour : brown
2. HCl +salt : no precipitate
3. HCl+salt+H2S : no precipitate
4. salt+NH4OH+NH4Cl+HCl : precipitate (brown)
5. boil with sodium peroxide : not precipitate dissolves
6. HCl+NH4CNS : deep red
7. salt+NH4(CN6) : precipitate (red )
1. colour : colourless 2. heat salt : no result 3. HCl +salt : precipitate 4. boil with water : precipitate dissolves 5. add K2CrO4 : precipitate ( yellow )
1. colour : colourless
2. flame test : no result
3. heat salt : no result
4. ash test : pale red
1. colour : colourless
2. flame test : colourless
3. heat salt : no result
4. ash test : no result
5. HCl +salt : no precipitate
6. HCl+salt+H2S : no precipitate
7. salt+NH4OH+NH4Cl+HCl : no precipitate
8 salt+NH4OH+NH4Cl+HCl
+H2S : precipitate ( flesh or buff )
9. add dil HCl : precipitate dissolves
10. boil with NH4OH : brown precipitate
11. acetic acid + lead acetate : precipitate (yellow)
1. colour : colourless
2. flame test : colourless
3. heat salt : no result
4. ash test : no result
5. HCl +salt : precipitate
6. boil the precipitate : not dissolves
7. heat with NH4OH : precipitate(white)
1. colour : colourless
2. flame test : colourless
3. heat salt : no result
4. ash test : no result
5. HCl+salt : no precipitate
6. HCl+salt+H2S : no precipitate
7. salt+NH4OH+NH4Cl+HCl : no precipitate
8 salt+NH4OH+NH4Cl+HCl
+H2S : precipitate(black)
9. add KClO3 : yellow residue
10. NH4Cl + dimethyl glyoxime : red precipitate
1. colour : colourless 2. flametest : crimson red
1. colour : colourless 2. flame test : colourless 3.heat salt : no result 4.ash test : no result 5. HCl +salt : no precipitate 6. HCl+salt+H2S : precipitate (yellow) 7. add dil HCl and boil : precipitate dissolves 8. add KOH+bromine water : white precipitate
1. colour : colourless
2. flame test : colourless
3. heat salt : no result
4. ash test : no result
5. HCl +salt : no precipitate
6. HCl+salt+H2S : no precipitate
7. salt+NH4OH+NH4Cl+HCl : precipitate(white)
8. add dil HCl : precipitate dissolves
9. add NH4OH : no precipitate
10. pass H2S : precipitate (white)
1. colour : colourless 2. flame test : colourless 3. heat salt : no result 4. ash test : no result 5. HCl + salt : precipitate 6. boil precipitate :not dissolves 7. add NH4OH :no precipitate 8. add HNO2 :curdy white precipitate
1. flame test : colourless 2. ash test : no result 3. heat salt : no result 4. extract colour : no colour 5. H2SO4+KmnO2 : no result 6. Ammonium Molybdate test : precipitate(yellow) 7. add HCl : precipitate(yellow)
1. flame test : colourless 2. ash test : no result 3. heat salt : no result 4. extract colour : no colour 5. H2SO4+KmnO2 : no result 6. Ammonium Molybdate test : precipitate (yellow) 7. add HCl : no precipitate
1 flame test : colourless
2. ash test : no result
3. heat salt : no result
4. extract colour : no colour
5. salt +H2SO4 : reddish brown gas ,vapour turns
starch paper blue
6. salt+H2SO4+KmnO4 : decolourisd readily
1. flame test : bright green
1. flame test : colourless
2. ash test : no result
3. heat salt : no result
4 extract colour : no colour
5. salt +H2SO4 : vigorous reaction
6. extract +HNO3 : precipitate(white)
7. salt+MnO2+H2SO4 : yellowish green
1. flame test : colourless
2. ash test : no result
3. heat salt : no result
4. extract colour : no colour
5. salt+H2SO4 : no result
6. add HCl : brisk effervescence
1. flametest : colourless
2. ash test : no result
3. heat salt : no result
4. extract colour : no colour
5. salt+H2SO4 : oily appearance
6. extract +acetic acid+CCl2 : precipitate(white)
7. H2SO4+MnO4 : decolourised
1. flame test : colourless 2. ash test : no result 3. heat salt : no result 4. extract colour : yellow colour
1. flame test : colourless 2. ash test : no result 3. heat salt : no result 4. extract colour :no colour 5. salt +H2SO4 : violet vapour 6. extract +HNO3 : yellow precipitate 7. salt+H2SO4+KmnO4 : decolourisd slowly
1. flame test : colourless 2. ash test : no result 3. heat salt : reddish brown gas 4. extract colour : no colour 5. salt +H2SO4 : reddish brown gas 6. salt+H2SO4+copper turning : reddish brown gas
1. flame test : colourless
2. ash test : no result
3. heat salt : no result
4. extract colour : no colour
5. salt +H2SO4 : violet vapour
6. salt+HCl : no result
7.Ammonium molybdate test :no result
8. H2SO4 +MnO2 : brisk effervescence
1. flame test : colourless
2. ash test : no result
3. heat salt : no result
4. extract colour : no colour
5. salt +H2SO4 : no result
6. extract +HNO3 : no result
7. salt +HCl : no result
8. ammonium molybdate test : precipitate (bright yellow)
1. flame test : colourless
2. ash test : no result
3. heat salt : no result
4. extract colour : no colour
5. salt +H2SO4 : violet vapour
6. extract+HNO3 : no precipitate
1. flame test : colourless
2. ash test : no result
3. heat salt : no result
4. extract colour : no colour
5. salt +H2SO4 : no result
7. salt +HCl : rotten egg smell
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