Hundred Years War

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The Hundred Years' War:

When king of France died, two men claimed to have the best claim to the throne. Edward III was the son of a French king’s daughter; Philip VI was a cousin of the royal line. Both of them believed that the next king should be himself. Each one was so convinced that he was the best that they fought a long war about it: the Hundred Years’ War.

There was also another reason for division between countries. The county of Flanders held control over the wool trade. When revolts started in Flanders and the county was divided, France supported the merchants while England supported the opposing side.

In 1346 Edward III invaded Normandy and tried to conquer it. The French were fully expecting to win the battle with their strong armored knights. But the English had longbows that shot arrows with a lot of force. The longbows were able to kill the knights before swords could be used. Unexpectedly, the English won and conquered Normandy. The battle was called the Battle of Crecy.

In 1356 King John of France was captured during a battle. After the English won this Battle of Potiers, the Peace of Brétigny settled the boundry lines of English and French territories, supposedly. This ended the first phase of the war.

In 1415 Henry V had a small army of English men armed with bows and swords but without armor. The French army was armed with swords and axes, rode on horses, and wore heavy armor. Before the battle, rain filled the field with mud which slowed the horses and stuck to fallen knights. The English had pikes to protect their longbowmen, who sent arrows raining onto the battle. The French were soundly defeated and lost many of their noblemen. This battle was called the Battle of Agincourt.

In 1429 the English had set up siege agains the city of Orleans. The French leader was afraid to attack and free the besieged. Joan of Arc came to aid the French and she led their army to victory. The sieged was raised and the English were defeated. The battle was called the Battle of Orleans.

The boundary lines were established, but soon afterwards, territories were fought over and the lines were changed again.

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