
>This is shortlighting, when the side of the subect that is being illuminated is facing away. This makes the subject seem thinner. Two lights were used, their brightness adjusted so that one light was twice as bright as the other, this is called a 3:1 lighting ratio.

>This is broad lighting. The same lighting ratio as before was used but in this case the subject is illuminated from the front side. This lighting makes the subject seem wider

>This is "Rembrandt Lighting." Rembrant would often illuminate his subject from one side with a skylight. In order to replicate this effect only one light was used and was raised higher up.